This document describes a study on the external genitalia of four species of bugs in the genus Carbula. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided of the male and female external genital structures. These structures are analyzed taxonomically and used to differentiate the four species. A key is provided to the species based mainly on their genital characteristics. The study finds that examination of external genitalia can help distinguish between C. scutellata, C. socia, C. biguttata, and C. insocia. This work provides the first published details and images of the external genitalia for these four Carbula species.
Jumping cockroaches (Blattaria, Skokidae fam. n.) from the Late Jurassic of K...GeoCommunity
Peter Vršanský (2007): Jumping cockroaches (Blattaria, Skokidae fam. n.) from the Late Jurassic of Karatau in Kazakhstan. Biológia 62, 5: 588-592, (published with permission of editorial board of Biológia journal, Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences)
Jumping cockroaches (Blattaria, Skokidae fam. n.) from the Late Jurassic of K...GeoCommunity
Peter Vršanský (2007): Jumping cockroaches (Blattaria, Skokidae fam. n.) from the Late Jurassic of Karatau in Kazakhstan. Biológia 62, 5: 588-592, (published with permission of editorial board of Biológia journal, Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences)
Руководство: как делать не надо. Контекстная реклама на китайском рынке. Анто...SPECIA
Руководство: как делать не надо. Контекстная реклама на китайском рынке.
Антон Ковалевский, генеральный директор Yellow Banana
- Задача: привлечь китайских туристов с помощью контекстной рекламы в Санкт-Петербург.
- Начало: какие есть системы контекстной рекламы в Китае. Как с ними работать и анализировать?
- Подготовка: выбираем продукт →готовим объявления → заводим в аккаунт.
- Процесс: показываем объявления → промежуточные результаты → играем со стратегиями.
- Финиш: что получили в результате.
- Какие выводы сделали.
- Список фейлов в развернутом виде.
Инструкция по продвижению в США. Пётр Фальковский, руководитель отдела продви...SPECIA
Инструкция по продвижению в США.
Пётр Фальковский, руководитель отдела продвижения Ukrop Media.
На семинаре каждый участник получит готовое руководство по продвижению сайтов в США, уже ранее проверенное на практике.
- Семантика, аудит, контент, аналитика и другие важные шаги.
- Правильный крауд-маркетинг.
- Убить конкурента — в США это нормально.
- Подборка сервисов по каждому этапу продвижения.
IANA & DNS update given by Leo Vegoda at ARIN 32.
Full meeting report from ARIN 32 available at: https://www.arin.net/participate/meetings/reports/ARIN_32/index.html
On First Record of a Trematode Parasite of Genus Pleorchis Railliet, 1896 (Di...RahulGupta2015
The genus Pleorchis Railliet, 1896 is designated to rare digenetic distomes living as parasite in the intestine of marine fishes, having numerous testes arranged in four longitudinal rows in hindbody. A total of 14 species have been attributed to the genus, while another 4 species are no longer considered the member of Pleorchis. In this study a new form is described and we critically overviewed the genus. Collection of two ovigerous specimens was recovered live at Deegha, West Bengal, India (Indian Ocean) from the intestine of a marine fish, Psettodes erumei (Bloch & Schneider) out of 40 examined. The present form differs from all nominal species of the Pleorchis in having 48 testes, unequal anterior intestinal caeca, vitellaria extending from a little anterior of ovary up to hind end of body and an entire unlobed ovary. In view of unique morphoanatomical characters it seems that the present form deserves the status of a new species with a specific name Pleorchis srivastavai n. sp. All known species of genus seems to be rare digeneans as evident by their respective studies and these are important link of marine ecosystem.
Руководство: как делать не надо. Контекстная реклама на китайском рынке. Анто...SPECIA
Руководство: как делать не надо. Контекстная реклама на китайском рынке.
Антон Ковалевский, генеральный директор Yellow Banana
- Задача: привлечь китайских туристов с помощью контекстной рекламы в Санкт-Петербург.
- Начало: какие есть системы контекстной рекламы в Китае. Как с ними работать и анализировать?
- Подготовка: выбираем продукт →готовим объявления → заводим в аккаунт.
- Процесс: показываем объявления → промежуточные результаты → играем со стратегиями.
- Финиш: что получили в результате.
- Какие выводы сделали.
- Список фейлов в развернутом виде.
Инструкция по продвижению в США. Пётр Фальковский, руководитель отдела продви...SPECIA
Инструкция по продвижению в США.
Пётр Фальковский, руководитель отдела продвижения Ukrop Media.
На семинаре каждый участник получит готовое руководство по продвижению сайтов в США, уже ранее проверенное на практике.
- Семантика, аудит, контент, аналитика и другие важные шаги.
- Правильный крауд-маркетинг.
- Убить конкурента — в США это нормально.
- Подборка сервисов по каждому этапу продвижения.
IANA & DNS update given by Leo Vegoda at ARIN 32.
Full meeting report from ARIN 32 available at: https://www.arin.net/participate/meetings/reports/ARIN_32/index.html
On First Record of a Trematode Parasite of Genus Pleorchis Railliet, 1896 (Di...RahulGupta2015
The genus Pleorchis Railliet, 1896 is designated to rare digenetic distomes living as parasite in the intestine of marine fishes, having numerous testes arranged in four longitudinal rows in hindbody. A total of 14 species have been attributed to the genus, while another 4 species are no longer considered the member of Pleorchis. In this study a new form is described and we critically overviewed the genus. Collection of two ovigerous specimens was recovered live at Deegha, West Bengal, India (Indian Ocean) from the intestine of a marine fish, Psettodes erumei (Bloch & Schneider) out of 40 examined. The present form differs from all nominal species of the Pleorchis in having 48 testes, unequal anterior intestinal caeca, vitellaria extending from a little anterior of ovary up to hind end of body and an entire unlobed ovary. In view of unique morphoanatomical characters it seems that the present form deserves the status of a new species with a specific name Pleorchis srivastavai n. sp. All known species of genus seems to be rare digeneans as evident by their respective studies and these are important link of marine ecosystem.
Possible New Species of Araecerus (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) associated with M...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— Araecerus is genus of beetles of the Anthribidae family which are important economic pests of various crops including coffee (Rubiaceae), with A.fasciculatus (Degeer) being the common pest (weevil) of coffee beans. This paper presents a study in which five undescribed species of genus Araecerus were reared predominantly from the seeds of M.pachyclados (Rubiceae), a native tree of Papua New Guinea (PNG). Fruits of M. pachyclados were regularly sampled and insects attacking them were reared, preserved and identified. Fruits were hand collected, photographed, weighed and reared. Insects emerging from the fruits were captured and preserved in 99% ethanol. All the specimens were identified into morphospecies at the laboratory. The five new species discovered were designated as A. sp.1, A. sp.2, A. sp.3, A. sp.4 and A.sp.5. This was accorded based on differences in body length; scutellum color, size, hair-scales and visibility; length of first and second segments of fore tarsus; apical and subapical teeth-size (mandible and maxillary palpi); declivity of dorsal abdomen; basal-anterior eye markings; lateral eye markings; absence of eye markings; and shape of pygidium. We discovered A. sp.1 has yellowish gold marking inside the base of the eye, A. sp.2 with pygidium almost vertically-flat at abdominal apex, A. sp.3 has eyes without yellowish gold marking and generally dark in color, A. sp.4 with distinct yellowish gold interior-lateral marking in its eye, and A. sp.5 with pygidium pointed at abdominal apex.
Mystus catapogon, a new fish species, is distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: maxillary barbels reach beyond caudal fin base; outer mandibulars reach to base of ventral fin and inner mandibular barbels to middle of pectoral fin; Snout shorter; cephalic groove long, shallow and divided into two fontanels and reaching occipital process; occipital process does not reach basal bone of dorsal fin; adipose fin located fairly behind the rayed dorsal fin; body without any mid lateral stripe. The new fish is described and compared with its congeners.
Prevalence and morphological details of Nyctotherus periplanetae in the host ...IOSR Journals
Nyctotherus periplanetae is very common intestine dwelling ciliate in invertebrates. During the period of two years total number of 1842 intestinal samples of Periplaneta americana were checked. The percentage of prevalence of ciliates was found quite high and it was 57.77% during the year 2007 and 60.75% in 2008.
Maslova O.O., Negrobov O.P., Fursov V.N. A new species of Dolichopus Latreill...Viktor Fursov
67. Maslova O.O., Negrobov O.P., Fursov V.N. A new species of Dolichopus Latreille, 1798 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Japan. – Caucasian Entomological Bulletin (Russia), 2014, Vol. 10 (2), P.317-319. (in English)
A Transmission Electron Microscopic Study of the Olfactory Epithelium in Hill...AI Publications
Olfaction is primarily produced by the stimulation of receptor cells on the olfactory organ's neuroepithelial surface, surrounded by olfactory nerve fibres. Numerous fish life processes, including migration, communication, feeding, schooling, defence, and reproduction, depend heavily on olfactory signals and cues. The olfactory and reproductory systems are interconnected structurally and functionally, and puberty-related alterations in the olfactory epithelium are documented. The olfactory epithelium, which covers a large portion of the surface of the olfactory rosette, a structure found within the olfactory chambers on the fish rostrum, is where the olfactory receptor cells are situated. Although ultra structural transmission electron microscopic studies of the olfactory organ and bulb are carried out by some investigators but very sparse information is available on hillstream fishes and that is why this work has been undertaken to detail the structure of olfactory system in G. mullya by electron microscopy. Microvillous olfactory receptor cells are placed compactly adjacent to the supporting cell showing a junction complex : the zonula-ocludens. Polygonal white cells are present in between the basal cells and supporting cells. Small polyhedral basal cells lie just above the basal lamina of olfactory epithelium. Basal cells may be working as stem cells for regeneration of lost or damaged non sensory and goblet cells.
Cycloartanes from Tabernaemontana coronaria (Jacq) Willd flowers with their c...Akhil Gupta
The n-hexane fraction of Tabernamontana coronaria (Jacq) Willd flowers afforded two cycloartane type triterpenes, cycloart-25-en-3β, 24 diol and cycloart-23-en-3β, 22α, 25triol for the first time from this plant, in addition to lupeol acetate, α-amyrin, cycloeucalenol, stigmasterol.
In vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the various e...Akhil Gupta
The present study was designed to investigate antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of pet ether, chloroform and methanol extracts of Ganoderma lucidum available in Bangladesh.
Histophysiology and Histochemical Analysis of the Saccus Vasculosus of Butter...Akhil Gupta
Cellular details including histochemical nature and functional aspects of saccus vasculosus in Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch, 1794) were studied using histological and histochemical techniques. The oval protruded saccus vasculosus
situated on the ventral side of the diencephalon behind the pituitary. This circumventricular organ contained atypical large central lumen lined by single stratified ithelium with characteristic coronet cells and supporting cells.
Silver stain was adopted for the occurrence and distribution of neurons if any in the epithelium and various regions
of the saccus vasculosus. Intensity of glycogen was found to be associated with the coronet cells and blood vessels.
Histochemical localization of basic protein and bound lipid were recorded in the cells of saccus epithelial lining as
well as in the blood vessels. Coronet cells perhaps involved in secretory as well as sensory function of the fish concerned.
1. ISSN 2320-7078
Volume 1 Issue 3
Online Available at www.entomoljournal.com
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
Vol. 1 No. 3 2013 www.entomoljournal.com Page | 33
Taxonomic Significance of External Genitalia in Differentiating four
Species of Genus Carbula Stål (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) from
North India
Ravneet Kaur1*
, Devinder Singh1
, Harbhajan Kaur1
1. Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India.
[E-Mail: 85kravneet@gmail.com; Tel. +91-9780228267]
The male and female external genitalia of four species belonging to the genus Carbula Stål i.e. scutellata Distant,
socia (Walker), biguttata (Fabricius) and insocia (Walker) have been studied in detail. The work includes the
descriptions and detailed illustrations of external male and female genitalic structures which have not been published
so far for these species. A key to the studied species is also given with emphasis on the genitalic characters.
Keyword: Male, Female, Key, Illustrations
1. Introduction
Pentatomidae is the 3rd
largest family after
Myriidae and Reduviidae under suborder
Heteroptera and is represented by 4722 species
within 896 genera[1]
. The taxonomic status of
genus Carbula has not been changed much since
its establishment[2]
. These bugs are characterized
by being broadly obovate; head rounded or
somewhat truncated at apex, lobes about equal in
length; 2nd
labial joint subequal to or a little
longer than the last two joints taken together and
pronotum with the anterior lateral margins
generally obtuse, never acute, terminated by a
levigate edge which is rarely crenulated. They
damage plant species during their active season,
but have not yet been recorded damaging any
food crops. The genus is well distributed in the
Oriental and Ethiopian regions. It is similar to its
closely allied genus Eysarcoris Hahn except
scutellum which is apically narrowed and
distinctly shorter than corium as compared to it
being apically broad and equal to corium in
Eysarcoris.
The genus is represented by 76 species from the
world with 6 species from the Oriental region
(excluding India), 9 species from India and 2
species from North India. A total of 75
representatives were collected from different far
flung localities of North India during the present
study and were separated as four species on the
basis of their morphological characters i.e.
morphometry, dorsal and ventral body colorations
and markings, shapes of different parts viz., head,
pronotum, metathoracic scent gland osteolar
peritreme, ventroanterior and ventroposterior
margins of abdominal sternite VII of both the
sexes. Identification was done with the help of
available published literature and further
confirmed by comparison with the preserved
collection available in different museums viz,
Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI),
New Delhi, Forest Research Institute (FRI),
Dehradun, Zoological Survey of India (ZSI),
Solan and Dehradun and Natural History
Museum (NHM), London. The present work
deals with the external genital attributes of the
2. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
Vol. 1 No. 3 2013 www.entomoljournal.com Page | 34
male and female external genitalia, which have
not been dealt with in detail so far for these
species.
2. Materials and Methods:
The bugs were collected from different localities
of North India that includes the states of Punjab,
Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Union
territory of Chandigarh, NCR region of Delhi and
parts of Jammu and Kashmir. Out of the four
species included in the present work, all except C.
socia have been reported from our neighbouring
country Pakistan but without sufficient details of
their male and female external genitalic
structures. For preparing the slides of external
female genitalia, the abdomen was potashed in
10% KOH and boiled for 5-10 minutes on a gas
burner. The potashed sclerites were removed to
expose the genital plate and spermatheca. For
external male genitalia, the entire abdomen was
potashed in 10% KOH, boiled for 3-5 minutes,
and then kept in oven at 65 ˚C for 15-20 minutes.
The pygophore was dehydrated in various grades
of ethyl alcohol and preserved in clove oil for
further studies. Later, it was dissected to separate
out the internal parts viz., parameres and
aedeagus. The photographs of various external
genitalic structures were taken with the help of an
image processing unit installed in the DRS
laboratory of the Department of Zoology and
Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University,
Patiala. The photographic details of all the
genitalic structures have been provided for the
first time for the included species.
2.1 Genus Carbula Stal
Carbula, Stål (1864) [2]
Hem. Afr., 1: 140
2.1.1 Type species - Carbula decorata Signoret,
an African species.
2.2 Carbula scutellata Distant
Carbula scutellata: Distant (1887) [3]
Tr. E. S., p.
347.
2.2.1 Body length: ♂- 7.5 mm, ♀ - 8 mm (Fig.
1A)
2.2.2 Male Genitalia: Pygophore (Fig. 1B)
distinctly longer, uniformly broad throughout its
length, lateral margins slightly sinuate;
dorsolateral lobes angulated at apex; dorsomedian
surface almost straight; dorsal opening small and
inverted V-shaped; ventroposterior margin with a
small median concavity, laterally slightly sinuate;
paramere (Fig. 1C) bilobed, inner lobe small,
narrowed at base, broadly sinuate at apex with
outer margin concave; outer lobe of paramere
broad, acute at apex, its outer margin convex,
inner margin slightly convex, and obtuse at apex;
aedeagus (Fig. 1D) with sclerotized broad theca;
bilobed, bag like dorsolateral membranous
conjunctival appendages, fused basally; a pair of
small sclerotized medial penial lobes, placed
moderately apart distally that are not fused
basally; vesica very short, enclosed in theca;
ejaculatory reservoir elongate.
2.3 Female Genitalia: 1st
gonocoxae triangular,
medially wide apart with posterior margins
sinuately convex and acute apices; 2nd
gonocoxae
fused medially, with posterior margin sinuately
convex; 8th
paratergites moderately broad,
triangular with posterior margins convex; 9th
paratergites elongated, lobulate, outer margins
concave, passing beyond fused posterior margins
of 8th
paratergites (Fig. 1E); spermatheca (Fig.
1F) with distinct proximal and distal flanges;
pump region moderately long, sclerotized, tube
like and shorter than distal spermathecal duct;
bulb rounded; medial dilation broad, somewhat
pumpkin shaped with small proximal dilation,
directed posteriad; proximal spermathecal duct
distinctly longer than distal.
2.4 Material Examined:
2.4.1 Himachal Pradesh: Paonta Sahib, 3-26. x.
2009 - 9♀♀, 11♂♂
2.4.2 Distribution: Myanmar; Pakistan; India
(Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya).
2.4.3 Remarks: The species closely resembles
Carbula socia in having humeral angles of
pronotum prominent, with long acute or subacute
spines; scutellum yellowish-green, slightly
punctured with black, basal angles with
yellowish-green spots and apex impunctate; head
somewhat subtriangular; pygophore longer than
broad; theca vase like and paramere with lateral
3. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
Vol. 1 No. 3 2013 www.entomoljournal.com Page | 35
process narrow at base, broad and bifurcated at
apex. However, it can be easily separated from
the same in having humeral angles of pronotum
with long acute spines; 9th
paratergites elongate,
distinctly passing beyond 8th
paratergites and
inner margin of blade of paramere slightly
convex and obtuse at apex.
4. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
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5. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
Vol. 1 No. 3 2013 www.entomoljournal.com Page | 37
2.5 Carbula socia (Walker)
Mormidea socia, Walker (1867) [4]
Cat. Het., 2:
p. 262.
Carbula socia: Distant (1902) [5]
Faun. Brit. Ind.
Rh., 1: p. 172.
2.5.1 Body length: ♂- 7.75 mm, ♀ - 8.25 mm
(Fig. 2A)
2.5.2 Male Genitalia: Pygophore (Fig. 2B)
distinctly longer than broad, lateral margins
slightly sinuate; dorsolateral lobes angulated at
6. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
Vol. 1 No. 3 2013 www.entomoljournal.com Page | 38
apex; dorsomedian surface almost straight; dorsal
opening small, inverted V- shaped;
ventroposterior margin with a small median
concavity, laterally slightly sinuate; paramere
(Fig. 2C) bilobed, inner lobe small, narrowed at
base, broad and sinuate apically, outer margin
concave; outer lobe of paramere broad, acute at
apex, its outer margin convex and inner margin
strongly convex and subacute at apex; aedeagus
(Fig. 2D) with sclerotized, somewhat inverted
Vase-shaped theca; bilobed and rounded bag like
dorsolateral membranous conjunctival
appendages that are fused basally and free
apically; a pair of moderately long leaf like
sclerotized medial penial lobes, fused basally;
vesica very thin and short, not reaching margins
of dorsal membranous appendages.
2.6 Female Genitalia: 1st
gonocoxae triangular
with posterior margins sinuately convex, medially
wide apart, apices acute; 2nd
gonocoxae fused
medially with posterior margin sinuate; 8th
paratergites broad, triangular with posterior
margins convex; 9th
paratergites distinctly broad,
lobulate, rounded at posterior margin with outer
margins concave, reaching fused posterior
margins of 8th
paratergites (Fig. 2E); spermatheca
(Fig. 2F) with distinct proximal and distal
flanges; pump region moderately sclerotized, tube
like, slightly shorter than distal spermathecal
duct; bulb rounded; medial dilation broad with
small proximal dilation, directed posteriad;
proximal spermathecal duct distinctly longer
than distal.
2.7 Material Examined:
2.7.1 Himachal Pradesh: Paonta Sahib, 3-25. x.
2009 - 3♀♀, 3♂♂
2.7.2 Uttarakhand: Dehradun, 25. vii. 2009 -
1♀, 2♂♂; 25. vi. 2010 - 2♀♀, 1♂
2.7.3 Distribution: Sri Lanka; Pakistan; India
(Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Maharashtra).
2.7.4 Remarks: The species closely resembles
Carbula scutellata and can be easily separated
from the same as given in the key. It has been
reported for the first time from North India.
2.8 Carbula biguttata (Fabricius)
Coreus biguttata, Fabricius (1794)[6]
Ent. Syst., 4:
p. 129.
Cimex binotatus, Fabricius (1803)[7]
Syst. Rhync.,
p. 165.
Pentatoma obscura, Westwood (1837)[8]
in Hope
Cat., 1: p. 35.
Carbula biguttata: Distant (1900)[9]
Proc. Zool.
Soc. Lond., p. 812.
2.8.1 Body length: ♂- 7.5 mm, ♀ - 8.5 mm (Fig.
3A)
2.8.2 Male Genitalia: Pygophore (Fig. 3B) about
as long as broad, lateral margins obliquely
straight; dorsolateral lobes subprominent,
rounded posteriorly; dorsomedian surface
sinuately concave; dorsal opening broadly
concave, small; ventroposterior margin medially
broadly concave; paramere (Fig. 3C) bilobed,
inner lobe elongated, spoon like, narrowed at
apex, outer margin concave; outer lobe of
paramere slightly broad, bilobed apically, outer
margin convex with a distinct medial hump;
aedeagus (Fig. 3D) with distally broad sclerotized
theca; dorsolateral membranous conjunctival
appendages bilobed that are fused basally; a pair
of small leaf like semisclerotized medial penial
lobes, placed widely apart distally and fused
medially; vesica very short, neither reaching
reaching middle of penial lobes nor posterior
margins of dorsal membranous appendages.
2.8.3 Female Genitalia: 1st
gonocoxae placed
medially wide apart, broadly triangular with
posterior margins sinuate and convex; 2nd
gonocoxae fused medially with posterior margin
sinuately convex; 8th
paratergites broad,
triangular with posterior margins sinuately
convex; 9th
paratergites distinctly lobulate,
broadly rounded at posterior margins, placed
close to each other with concave outer margins,
reaching fused posterior margins of 8th
paratergites (Fig. 3E); spermatheca (Fig. 3F) with
distinct proximal and distal flanges; pump region
sclerotized, tube like, shorter than distal
spermathecal duct; bulb oblong; medial dilation
broad with elongate proximal dilation directed
posteriad; proximal spermathecal duct distinctly
longer than distal spermathecal duct.
7. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
Vol. 1 No. 3 2013 www.entomoljournal.com Page | 39
2.9 Material Examined:
2.9.1 Punjab: Patiala, 12. viii. 2009 - 1♀;
Hoshiarpur, 19. viii. 2009 - 1♀; Talwara, 20. viii.
2009 - 1♀; Ropar 6-7. ix. 2010 - 6♀♀, 6♂♂
2.9.2 Himachal Pradesh: Solan, 18-19. viii.
2010 - 9♀♀, 5♂♂
2.9.3 Distribution: Pakistan; India (Punjab,
Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, West Bengal)
2.9.4 Remarks: The species closely resembles
Carbula insocia in having humeral angles of
pronotum subprominent, either with short acute
or without spines; scutellum yellowish-brown
with dark brown punctation, basal angles with
impunctate brownish yellow spots, apex
concolorous and punctate; head somewhat
subsquarish; pygophore as long as broad; theca
elongate and paramere with lateral process
elongate, subacute at apex without bifurfaction.
However, it can easily be separated from the
same in having humeral angles of pronotum with
short subacute spines, slightly directed
backwards; 9th
paratergites broad, subequal to 8th
paratergites, not passing beyond the latter; vesica
short, not reaching middle of penial lobes and
outer margin of paramere with a distinct medial
hump. It has been recorded as a pest of sesamum
in India recently and is a new report from North
India.
2.10 Carbula insocia (Walker)
Pentatoma bimaculata, Westwood (1837)[8]
in
Hope Cat., 1: p. 35.
Eysarcoris insocia, Walker (1868)[10]
Cat. Het.,
3: p. 556.
Carbula insocia: Distant (1901)[9]
Proc. Zool.
Soc. Lond., p. 812.
2.10.1 Body length: ♂- 7.5 mm, ♀ - 8.25 mm
(Fig. 4A)
2.10.2 Male Genitalia: Pygophore (Fig. 4B)
about as long as broad, lateral margins concavely
sinuate; dosrolateral lobes subprominent, rounded
posteriorly; dorsomedian surface sinuately
concave; dorsal opening small; ventroposterior
margin medially concave; paramere (Fig. 4C)
bilobed, inner lobe elongated, spoon like,
narrowed at apex, outer margin concave; outer
lobe slightly broad, bilobed apically, outer margin
convex without a medial hump; aedeagus (Fig.
4D) with distally broad sclerotized theca;
dorsolateral membranous conjunctival
appendages bilobed that are fused basally, free at
apex; a pair of elongated leaf like semisclerotized
medial penial lobes, not fused basally; vesica
slightly longer, reaching middle of leaf-like
penial lobes but not reaching margin of dorsal
membranous appendages.
2.10.3 Female Genitalia: 1st
gonocoxae
somewhat triangular with posterior margins
sinuate and convex, placed medially wide apart,
outer margins moderately convex, inner margins
straight, apices acute; 2nd
gonocoxae fused
medially with posterior margin convex; 8th
paratergites triangular with posterior margins
convex; 9th
paratergites lobulate, broadly rounded
at posterior margin, placed wide apart, outer
margins straight, passing fused posterior margins
of 8th
paratergites (Fig. 4E); spermatheca (Fig.
4F) with distinct proximal and distal flanges;
pump region sclerotized, tube like, subequal to
distal spermathecal duct; bulb rounded; medial
dilation long with elongate proximal dilation,
directed posteriad; proximal spermathecal duct
distinctly longer than distal spermathecal duct.
2.11 Material Examined:
2.11.1 Punjab: Ropar, 7. viii. 2010 - 3♀♀, 1♂ ;
Patiala, 6. ix. 2010 - 1♀
2.11.2 Himachal Pradesh: Bilaspur, 21. vii.
2010 - 1♀; Solan, 18-19. viii. 2010 - 6♀♀, 2♂♂
2.11.3 Distribution: Pakistan; India (Punjab,
Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka)
2.11.4 Remarks: Carbula insocia closely
resembles Carbula bigutatta as given in the key
and descriptions. It has been recorded as a pest of
Medicago sativa Linnaeus (alfalfa). It is a new
report from North India.
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Key to the studied species of genus Carbula Stål
3. Acknowledgements:
RK is thankful to UGC for providing financial aid
in the form of scholarship.
4. Abbreviations:
8th
pt. - Eight paratergites; 9th
pt. - Ninth
paratergites; Sp. b. - Spermathecal bulb; Dis. f. -
Distal flange; Prx. f. - Proximal flange; Dis. sp. d.
- Distal spermathecal duct; Prx. sp. d. - Proximal
1 Humeral angles of pronotum prominent, with long
acute or subscute spines; scutellum yellowish-
green, slightly punctured with black, basal angles
with yellowish-green spots and apex impunctate;
head somewhat subtriangular; pygophore longer
than broad; theca vase-like; paramere with lateral
process narrow at base, broad and bifurcated at
apex……………………..
2
- Humeral angles of pronotum subprominent, either
with short acute or without spines; scutellum
yellowish-brown with dark brown punctation, basal
angles with impunctate brownish yellow spots, apex
concolorous and puncatae; head somewhat
subsqaurish; pygophore as long as broad; theca
elongate; paramere with lateral process elongate,
subacute at apex without bifurfaction;
3
2. Humeral angles of pronotum with long acute spines;
9th paratergites elongate, distinctly passing beyond
8th paratergites; inner margin of blade of paramere
slightly convex, obtuse at
apex………………………………….
scutellata Distant
- Humeral angles of pronotum with obtuse spines; 9th
paratergites broad, just reaching posterior margin of
8th paratergites; inner margin of blade of paramere
strongly convex, subacute at apex…………... socia (Walker)
3. Humeral angles of pronotum with short subacute
spines, slightly directed backwards; 9th paratergites
broad, subequal to 8th paratergites, not passing
beyond latter; vesica short, not reaching middle of
penial lobes; outer margin of paramere with a
distinct medial hump…………………………………………… biguttata (Fabricius)
- Humeral angles of pronotum roundish or squarish
without spines; 9th paratergites narrowed at base,
lobe-like at apex, passing beyond posterior margin
of 8th paratergites; vesica longer, reaching middle of
leaf-like penial lobes; outer margin of paramere
without a medial hump……………
insocia (Walker)
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spermathecal duct; Md. - Median dilation; Sp. p.
- Spermathecal pump; Vpm. - Ventroposterior
margin; Dl. l. - Dorsolateral lobes; Dms. -
Dorsomedial surface; DO. - Dorsal Opening; Bl.
– Blade; Stm. – Stem; Bp. - Basal plate; Piv. –
Pivot; Th. – Theca; Ves. – Vesica; Gp. –
Gonopore; Pl. - Penial lobe; Dlmc. app. -
Dorsolateral membranous conjunctival
appendages; Ej. r. - Ejaculatory reservoir.
5. References
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http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/ndsu/rider/
Pentatomoidea/ 2013.
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iana, Stockholm, 1864; iv+256.
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