This document provides information on different components of ornamental garden designing including lawns, shrubs, trees, climbers, hedges, beds, and adornments. It discusses various grasses suitable for lawns in India and methods of lawn making including seeding and turfing. It also covers shrubbery, trees, climbers, hedges, beds, and other garden elements. Maintenance aspects like irrigation, pruning, repotting, and controlling pests and diseases using organic methods are highlighted.

1. BY
PILLAI ASWATHY VISWANATH
Ornamental garden designing

2. Ornamental Garden Designing
 Gardening is a decoration of a tract of
land with plants and other materials so
as to produce a picturesque and
naturalistic effect in a limited space.
 The gardens serve the purpose of public
recreation and education.
 They serve to refresh the body
and the mind and retreat for the
public from the harsh strains and
stresses of hectic mechanical life.

3. Different Garden Componenets
Lawn.
 Lawn can be defined as the green carpet
for the landscape msintained by growing
and mowing grasses.
 It provides a perfect setting for a
flowerbeds or shrubbery or specimen tree.
 It is an important component of a garden
 No garden is complete without the
presence of a lawn

4.  Let we see some grasses suitable for
lawn making in India
 1.Buffalo grass or shade grass - Stenotaphrum secundatum.
2.Korean grass - Zoysia japanica.
3.Bermuda grass or Doob grass - Cynodon dactylon.
4.Korean velvet grass - Zoysia aenuifolia.

5. Shrub & Shrubbery.
 Perennial plants
 A shrubbery is a border (corners) planted with a different
kinds of shrubs.
 Grow to a height of 0.5 to 4.0 m
 Informal: allowed to grow without trimming
 Formal :trimmed to a particular height
 Flowering Shrubs:
1.Hibiscus rosa-sinenis.
2.Neerium indicum.
3.Ixora parviflora.
4.Bougainvillea

6. Climbers & Creepers.
 Climbers are plants capable of climbing
over a support
 Climbers and Creepers are used to grow
against or over
walls,trellises,arches,pergolas,pillars or any
large trees.
 Climbers may be weight or light depending
upon the woods it produces.
 Creepers are those plants which are unable
to climb vertically on their own because of
their week stems.

8. Trees
 Trees are form main frame work of the garden.
 Generally planted along the boundaries.
 A spreading tree is ideal feature for picnic ground in
formal garden.
 Trees which provide adequate shade are grown in gardens
Specimen Trees-Araucaria ,Plumeria alba and Plumeria
rubra.
Shady Trees-neem,Ficus ,elengi
Flowering trees-Cassia fistula( Yellow),Spathodea
campanulata.
Checking Air pollution-Morus sp,Plumaria acutifolia.
Screening purpose-Eucalyptus,Polylthia longifolia.

10. Flower beds & borders.
 Several flowering annuals and herbaceous
perennials can be grown in beds and borders.
 Flower beds are simple designs can be laid out on
the outskirts of the lawn along the foundation of
buildings,
 the path leading to the entrance of the house and
on sides of foot steps.
 Flower Borders are continuous beds of more length
than width containing plants of heterogeneous
character as flower beds which are composed of
plants of one kind only.
 These borders can be on the sides of path,walks
or in front of shrubberies and trellises with
climbers.

12. Ornamental hedges.
 A good live hedge is essential for enclose a
garden.
 Ornamental hedges planted in garden with
attractive flowering shrubs.
 These are pruned to maintain the height of 50-
65cm.
 This will help to divide the garden into number
of parts each will have its own distinct
features.

14. Edges or edging
 These are the materials of any description
which is used in gardens for dividing
beds,borders from the roads,walks or
paths demarcating spaces allotted for
particular purposes as flower beds.
 Dwarf growing plants up to 20-30cm height
such as Eupatorium,Alternanthera which
should stand frequent trimming.

15. Carpet Beds.
 In a large public garden close growing
plants like Verbena or Alternanthera are
used to form certain designs or letters.
 Foliage plants are better suited than
flowering plants as they stand severe
clipping much better.
 Carpet beds require constant attention and
need not allowing them to over grow.

16. Topiary
 Certain plants are often trimmed to
shapes of animals or birds..etc.
 Shrubs are well suited for bending and
withstand frequent trimming for
developing topiary.
 Shrubs like Casuariana,Bougainvillea,
Cupressus are suitable for Topiary work.

18. Sunken Garden.
 These garden goes down though a series
of terraces to a small pool or a fountain
at a bottom.
 In the terraces flower beds,lawn are
laid out.
 This form of garden taking advantages
of natural depression

19. Trophy:
 Arrangement of potted colorful foliage
or flowering shrubs and flowering
annuals or herbaceous perennials around
a tree or any central objects such as
statue.
 These potted plants often arranged in
tires.

20. Garden Adornments:
 There are several adornments and accessories
such as fountains,garden
seats,statues,ornamental posts and
pillars,terllises,hanging baskets,tubs,vases and
urns with plants make the garden more
enjoyable.
 Playing a fountain is the interesting feature in
garden and garden seats are made of
stones,concrete or metal are placed under a
tree.

21. Lawn Preparation
 A lawn is an area where grass is grown as a green carpet
for a landscape and is the basic feature of any garden.
 It serves to enhance the beauty of the garden, be it
larger or smaller.
 Proper lawn maintenance plays a crucial part in any
landscape design.
 A beautiful well maintained lawn can make the entire
landscape look good, whereas a lawn that is not maintained
can completely ruin it's beauty.
 The lawn not only harmonizes with a decor of the drawing
room, but also sets of a suitable background for a
specimen tree or a shrub, as well as for colourful beds and
borders.

22. Site and Soil
After choosing the site, the next important
factor for consideration is the size and
shape of the lawn.
 The preparation of site includes digging,
leveling and enriching the soil with organic
manures or by amending with fertile soil.
 The ideal soil pH should be 5.0 to 5.6.
 If it is very acidic 500 g/m2 lime should be
added and to clayey loam or alkaline soil
gypsum of the same quantity may be added.
 Provision of drainage for excess rain water
should be made if the ground is not sloppy.

23. Levelling
The site should be thoroughly levelled
with spade, pebbles and weeds are hand
picked.
 The soil is rolled with a roller.
 Weeds especially nut grass should not
be allowed to grow and should be
removed with roots for at least 2 to 3
times.

24. Methods Of Lawn Making
Seedling
 The most popular grass suitable for
seeding is "Doob" grass (Cynodon
dactylon).
 It has the fast spreading mat forming
habit, radially forms roots at the nodes,
the foliage is dark green, narrow with
parallel vine
 About 30 kg of seed is required for
planting one hectare.

25.  The site should be divided into suitable small
squares or rectangles, the seeds are mixed
with double the quantity of finely sieved soil
and should be rolled again and watered liberally
with rose can.
 The seeds take four to five weeks for
germination.
 Care should be taken not to flood the site.
 For the first few times, the grasses are cut
with a scythe.
 Lawn mower may be used for easy maintenance
and for its spreading.

26. Turfing
 The turfs are nothing but pieces of earth with
compact grasses on them.
 These turfs should be cut uniformly in squares
from a place where the grass is short, compact
and free from weeds.
 These turfs should be placed on the prepared
ground site, side by side and beaten down flat with
a turf beater.
 The cavities in between should be filled with fine
soil. The entire turfed area should be rolled and
watered liberally.
 This is the most expensive way of lawn making.

27.  Maintenace Of Garden By:
Irrigation
Pruning
Repotting
Disease and pest
control

28. Repotting
 When plants outgrow their pots, their root systems
may not be able to derive the water and nutrients
needed to support the top growth.
 When that happens, plants tend to become stunted
and the older leaves may lose their color and drop.
 The solution: transplanting the plants to bigger
pots.
 when roots grow most actively, allowing the plant to
quickly overcome the shock associated with
repotting.
 Not all plants need to be repotted every year --
some can go for several years without being
repotted if they're top-dressed at least once a
year -- but you'll notice a big difference in their
health if you do take the time to do it every year.

30. Disease And Pest Control
 The best way to maintain a healthy
garden is to educate yourself and learn
to identify common “bad bugs.”
 Inspect your garden regularly to detect
problems early.
 The sooner a pest is identified the
easier it will be to manage using earth-
friendly methods.

31.  Natural and organic fertilizer differs
from chemicals in that they feed your
plants while building the soil.
 Soils with lots of organic material
remain loose and airy, hold more
moisture and nutrients, faster growth of
soil organisms, and promote healthier
plant root development.

32.  Natural pest control is less expensive
than buying and applying pesticides, and
it's safer for your garden, your family,
the natural wildlife and the environment.

33. Prevention
 The easiest way to prevent insect damage in
your garden is to discourage them from coming
in the first place. A healthy garden is the best
defence.
 Pull out any weak plants. They may already be
infected. If not, they will attract predators.
Pull the plant and dispose of it away from the
garden area.
 Build healthy, organic soil. Natural composting
methods, mulching and top-dressing your soil
with compost or natural fertilizer is the best
way to develop strong, vigorous plants.

34.  Interplant and rotate crops. Insect
pests are often plant specific.
 Seaweed spray: Seaweed contains trace
elements such as iron, zinc, barium,
calcium, sulfur and magnesium, which
promote healthy development in plants.
 Seaweed fertilizer in spray form will
enhance growth and give plants the
strength to withstand disease

35.  Many homemade sprays have been used
with good results to control harmful
insects.
 They usually non-toxic : ingredients
such as garlic, cayenne, stinging nettles
or horsetail which are diluted in water
and blended to be sprayed on the
plants.