Guest lecture given at the Communications University of China, Higher Education Research Institute. On the request of the audience an introduction on Belgian culture was added.

1. New learning
paradigms & technologies
Prof. dr. Frederik Questier, Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Guest lecture at Communications University of China, Higher Education Research Institute, 16/10/2010

2. This presentation can be found at
http://questier.com
http://www.slideshare.net/Frederik_Questier

3. Belgium

5. Brussels

6. Atomium building © www.atomium.be - SABAM 2010; photo CC-by-nc-sa by fatboyke Luc B

8. Bruges

9. The Peasant Wedding by Pieter Bruegel the elder 1568

10. "Of all the Gauls,
the Belgae
are the bravest."
Julius Caesar,
Roman Emperor,
50BC

12. Adolphe Sax invents the Saxophone in 1840s

14. Carnaval de Binche

15. Student folklore

18. Country of 1000 beers

21. My background

22. ➢ Teaching courses:
➢ Educational Technologies
➢ Learning Technologies
➢ Virtual Learning Environments
➢ E-learning design
➢ Departments
➢ Interdisciplinary Teacher Training
➢ Educational Sciences
➢ Former head of center for
➢ Education innovation
➢ Teacher staff training
➢ Virtual learning Environment

23. My research interests
23

24. Projects with Cuba
24

25. Projects with Kenia
(Nairobi and Moi universities)
Expertise Centre ICT for edu
Training
Consultancy
Research
Postgraduate master ICT in Education 25

26. Research and Innovation Director
26

27. One Laptop Per Child
27

28. Educational Innovation?
Why change the way we teach and learn?
How to change the way we teach and learn?
(with or without technologies)
28

29. Why change the way
we teach and learn?
“Schools we have today
were designed around commonsense assumptions
that had never been scientifically tested”
R. Keith Sawyer
29

30. Why change the way
we teach and learn?
Because everything else is changing !
30

31. Information Society ?
31

32. Knowledge Society
32

33. information scarcity → information abundance !
Total information is now doubling every year ! 33

34. Evolution of the internet?
Web 2.0 (social and collaborative)
Web 3.0 (semantic)
Mobile and Ubiquitous
The internet of things
Global brain – intelligence
34

35. Virtual reality gets photorealism
Crysis 35

36. Augmented Reality
36

37. Evolution of organizations
Source: Jessica Lipnack and Jeffrey Stamps, Virtual Teams
http://www.netage.com/pub/books/VirtualTeams%202/CHAPTERS%20PDF/chapter02.pdf
37

38. Network society
38

39. Surveys
How much of the knowledge
you need for your job
is in your own head?
>75% | 75-50% | 50-25% | 25-10%
39

40. Surveys
How much of the knowledge
you need for your job
is in your own head?
1986 75% → 2010 10%
40

41. The longer one studies,
the more one comes to realize
how much one does not know 41

42. Frederik Questier at the MIT Miracle of Science Bar, 2009 42

43. 43

44. 44

45. 45

46. You will have to
compete with
free!
46

47. You will have to
compete with
amateurs!
An enthusiastic amateur beats
a bored professional
“Karl Marx was perhaps
the original prophet of the
Professional Amateurs
economy:
labour
– forced, unspontaneous
and waged work –
would be superseded
by self-activity”
47

48. What can professionals do?
Embrace or Die !
48

49. 49

50. Demand for new skills?
➢ Social skills
➢ communicating, networking, teamwork
➢ international, intercultural
➢ Creativity
➢ Entrepeneurship
➢ Information technology skills
➢ Handle information overload
➢ ...
➢
➢ Learning to learn → Life Long Learning!
50

51. Knowledge -> Skills ->
Competences
➢ Competences
➢ are the ability to use
➢ knowledge
➢ skills
➢ attitudes
➢ in new, complex, authentic situations
51

52. Why change the way
we teach and learn?
52

53. Staff are digital immigrants,
students are digital natives
(Prensky)
53

54. Discrepancy?
What are students used to? What is their classroom experience?
control no control
action passive
instant feedback little, late feedback
rich media poor media
always online offline
social interactions working together = cheating
54

55. Why change the way
we teach and learn?
It's a matter of quality!
“The highest-ranked universities are the ones that
make significant contributions to the advancement of knowledge through research,
teach with the most innovative curricula and pedagogical methods
under the most conducive circumstances”
World Bank
55

56. Why change the way
we teach and learn?
We have new scientific knowledge
about teaching and learning
56

57. Major learning theories
Behaviourism Learning = change of behaviour
Stimulus → response
Learner is passive receiver of knowledge
Mind = black box
Cognitivism Focuses on how the brain works
Metacognition, learning strategies
Motivation
Constructivism Knowledge is actively constructed by the learner
New knowledge is linked to prior knowledge
Learners discover themselves facts and relationships
Social Constructivism Social interaction plays a fundamental role
Discussions lead to deeper understanding and increased motivation
Constructionism Constructing an artifact or something that can be shared leads to
better learning
Connectivism Learning is a process of connecting nodes or information sources
Knowledge and learning may reside in non-human appliances
Try to see connections between fields, ideas, and concepts
Know-what & Know-how → Know-where
57

58. Educational innovation?
Traditional learning New Learning
teacher oriented student oriented
(passive) knowledge transfer (active) knowledge construction; interaction
focus on knowledge focus on competences
individual learning collaborative learning
focus on course contents also focus on learning process
(learning to learn, reflection)
teacher = expert teacher = coach
teacher directs also self-directed learning
selective education adaptive education
students focus on good scores attention for (intrinsic) motivation
surface learning deep (natural) learning
58

59. Educational innovation?
Traditional learning New Learning
abstract, school-like examples & tasks authentic contexts
evaluation by teacher self/co/peer-assessment, ...
summative evaluation + formative evaluation
(learning from mistakes and feedback)
linear curriculum flexible curriculum
independent courses and disciplines connexion, integration, interdisciplinarity
supply oriented demand oriented
uniform education differentiated education
(adapted to e.g. learning styles)
classroom flexible learning environment
(also online & virtual)
course materials powerful learning environments
formal learning + informal learning
behaviorism and cognitivism Social constructivism (and connectivism)
59

60. How can we improve
teaching and learning with ICT?
Don't apply traditional teaching methods
in new technologies!
Substitution?
(dropping your coursebook online)
Transformation!
60

61. Seek the synergy!
Theories about learning
and technologies
have evolved
towards very similar concepts
61

62. Model Jonassen for
(constructive) learning environments
→ Technologies can support the intentional construction,
in a collaborative way, of complex contextualized artifacts
and the conversation and reflection about it
62

63. Exercise
Which characteristics of Jonassen's model
apply to the following learning environments?

64. Active/Manipulative - Collaborative - Complex - Constructive - Contextualized - Conversational - Intentional - Reflective
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65. Active/Manipulative - Collaborative - Complex - Constructive - Contextualized - Conversational - Intentional - Reflective
Case kit (Ugent, Jan Velghe)
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67. Active/Manipulative - Collaborative - Complex - Constructive - Contextualized - Conversational - Intentional - Reflective
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69. Active/Manipulative - Collaborative - Complex - Constructive - Contextualized - Conversational - Intentional - Reflective
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70. Active/Manipulative - Collaborative - Complex - Constructive - Contextualized - Conversational - Intentional - Reflective
Pharmacy simulations
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71. Active/Manipulative - Collaborative - Complex - Constructive - Contextualized - Conversational - Intentional - Reflective
ICT supported
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72. Active/Manipulative - Collaborative - Complex - Constructive - Contextualized - Conversational - Intentional - Reflective
ICT supported
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74. Active/Manipulative - Collaborative - Complex - Constructive - Contextualized - Conversational - Intentional - Reflective
Competition + ?
74

75. Active/Manipulative - Collaborative - Complex - Constructive - Contextualized - Conversational - Intentional - Reflective
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79. Active/Manipulative - Collaborative - Complex - Constructive - Contextualized - Conversational - Intentional - Reflective
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80. Active/Manipulative - Collaborative - Complex - Constructive - Contextualized - Conversational - Intentional - Reflective
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81. Active/Manipulative - Collaborative - Complex - Constructive - Contextualized - Conversational - Intentional - Reflective
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82. Evolution in E-learning?
e-learning 1.0 e-learning 2.0
closed source software open source software
solitary platform integrated in ICT-environment
closed to outer world open where useful,closed where necessary
only own institution connected with other institutions
focus on technology focus on pedagogy
consumption interaction
courses communities
teacher oriented student centered
content management knowledge management
upload of materials authoring environment
tools intelligent assistant
institutional learning environment personal learning environment
82

83. Is this ICT supported
learning paradigm shift
possible without
teacher learning/training?

84. Research studies show that
how much and how effectively
teachers integrate ICT
in their teaching process
depends mainly on their educational vision
(not age, gender, ...)
84

85. What will you remember from this seminar?
Which recommendations do you have for you university?
85

86. Copyright acknowledgements
➢ Belgium in EU Map CC-by-sa by NuclearVacuum
➢ Belgium map, Public Domain
➢ The Peasant Wedding by Pieter Bruegel the elder 1568
➢ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Asterix_in_Belgium.jpg
➢ Atomium building © www.atomium.be - SABAM 2010; photo CC-by-nc-sa by fatboyke Luc B
➢ Atomium building © www.atomium.be - SABAM 2010; photo CC-by-sa by Emilio Garcia
➢ Gilles de Binche CC-by-nc-nd by Fabrice Huin
➢ Saxophone CC-by-nc-nd by Bruno Bollaert
➢ Graspop Metal Meeting Festival 2008 CC-by-sa by Jtesla16
➢ Pralines, screenshot Neuhaus website
➢ Moules frites: CC-by-nc-sa by poluz – Nicola
➢ Belgian Beers: CC-by-nc-sa by Adam Lang
➢ Brussels Waffle CC-by-sa by David Monniaux
➢ Screenshot http://www.chamilo.org/
➢ Tax Shelter screenshot, http://minfin.fgov.be/portail2/belinvest/en/taxshelter/presentation.htm
➢ Figure study CC-by-nc-sa by Tony2 (NOT IN USE!)
➢ Embrace CC by Robbert van der Steeg
➢ Question! CC-by by Stefan Baudy

87. Active/Manipulative - Collaborative - Complex - Constructive - Contextualized - Conversational - Intentional - Reflective
Questions? Comments?
谢谢
See also http://questier.com
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