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Neuroscience
<==>
Machine Learning
Me
Neurons
Artificial Neurons
are simple...
https://blog.dbrgn.ch/2013/3/26/perceptrons-in-python/
Artificial Neuron
Real Neurons
are complex...
Real Neuron
Santiago Ramón y Cajal,
Dendrites
Cell Body
Refractory Period
channels
Figure 21-8, Lodish 4th Edition.
Ion Channels
Different Neuron Types
Gerstner et al. 2014
Spike Patterns
Artificial Neuron Real Neuron
Simple Complex
Deterministic Stochastic
Stateless Stateful
Time Invariant Time Sensitive
Artificial vs Real Neurons
?
Huebel & Wiesel
Dr. V. Aggarwal
Neural Networks
brain vs machine (learning)
Neural Network
Artificial Neural Network
Biological Problems
forward pass
Busbice et al. 2012
Connectome: C. elegans
Biological Problems
backward pass
Lowery et al 2009
Back Propagation
Biological Problems
learnings
But
there are similarities
Convolutional nets &
Visual cortex
Le et al. 2012
High Level Concepts
Multimodal Embeddings
Weston et al.
Sharing is Caring
neuroscience <==> ml
Hopfield Network
Ng et al. 07
Visual Receptive Fields
Neuromorphic Computing
The Brain vs Deep Learning Part I
timdettmers.com
Readings
chausler@zendesk.com
zendesk.com/jobs

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Neuroscience and machine learning

Editor's Notes

  1. excited then disappointed by AI study Neuroscience (by accident) germany free excited by ML
  2. turn up in both ML and Neuroscience Fundamental so how similare are they really
  3. Walk through the steps Simple Linear weights Tractable Deterministic Stateless
  4. explain structure of a neuron, analogy to artificial neuron dendrites => input electrochemical Complex Nonlinear ‘weights’ Stochastic? intractable differential equations (simplifications)
  5. dendrites are input neurons connect to many other neurons dendrite computation super complex non-linear resistance dendritic spikes
  6. This is like the `sum` and step function on an artificial neuron Neurons have state are time dependant fire all or nothing have to recover
  7. electrochemical nasty differentials hard to model
  8. different types
  9. (shows recordings of neurons), current injection different firing patterns Fast spiking Stutter Regular/Adaptive
  10. We don’t really know exactly how they work - unlike aritificial neurons which we understand really well
  11. One problem - Simple vs Complex stimuli
  12. The real world is somewhat different
  13. Another problem Hard to know what’s going on when in a network
  14. look at where they are similar and where not
  15. when i think of a neural net… 80 billion neurons 10 trillion synapses run on sandwiches and glasses of water beautiful mess
  16. ANN - Generally we think of this feed forward multi-layer trained via-backprop around since the 80’s There are of course fancier versions (RNN etc)
  17. these days its called deep learning multi-layer used to be hard, now: more data faster computers tricks (dropout) Deep Learning used to reference: Restricted boltzmann machine Auto encoders unsupervised feature learning Claims deep learning like brain
  18. Problems with feed forward geometry => faster/slower processing times asynchrony
  19. Problems with Backprop no supervised signal no error function no derivatives how would you communicate it with spikes? no bi-directional weights forward backward pass
  20. fundamental differences in paradigms learning brain vs ANN approach to learning
  21. learning paradigm problem very different to how we learn unsupervised (passive) RBMs reinforcement (active) one-shot (active)
  22. Similarities in the actual architecture
  23. Neural learnings of High level concepts grandmother cell in neuroscience google from youtube
  24. Learning concepts Embeddings switching between modalities
  25. where has knowledge been shared
  26. neuroscience uses a lot of machine learning it’s also given ML neural networks
  27. Hopfield Network Hebbian learning model for associative memory in the brain explain images
  28. RBM’s Visual cortext => evidence we learn from our surroundings General learning - somatosensory necker cube perception
  29. some stats. the future brains in a dish