This document contains a 50 question neurology flashcard set from Knowmedge for medical board exam preparation. Knowmedge is an online medical education platform that provides over 900 internal medicine questions, 4000 flashcards, and 1500 mnemonics to help learners prepare for exams. The flashcard set covers topics like migraines, seizures, multiple sclerosis, strokes, Parkinson's disease, and more. It encourages the user to sign up for Knowmedge's full internal medicine learning platform online for more practice questions and flashcards.

1. Neurology
Includes 50 Flashcards for Board Exam prep
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INTERNAL MEDICINE BOARD REVIEW FLASHCARDS

2. K N O W M E D G E
INTERNALMEDICINEBOARDREVIEWFLASHCARDS
Neurology
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4. Which anti-hypertensive agents may be
used for migraine prophylaxis?
Question 1
Beta blockers (usually Propranolol or
Timolol)
Answer 1

5. Which vitamin may be used for migraine
prophylaxis?
Question 2
Vitamin B2 (a.k.a. Riboflavin)
Answer 2

6. Which 2 anticonvulsants are typically
used for prophylaxis against migraines?
Question 3
Valproic acid and Topiramate
Answer 3

7. What are some of the main side effects
of carbamazepine use?
Question 4
- Dizziness
- GI upset
- Hypocalcemia
- Hyponatremia
Answer 4

8. For what type of seizures is ethosuximide
prescribed?
Question 5
Absence (petit-mal) seizures
Answer 5

9. Which anti-epileptic medication is most
notorious for causing neural tube defects
in the children of pregnant women using
the medication?
Question 6
Valproic acid
Answer 6

10. What is the best imaging study to
diagnose Multiple Sclerosis?
Question 7
MRI of the brain
Answer 7

11. What is the characteristic cerebral
imaging finding in Multiple Sclerosis?
Question 8
Increased T2 signal and decreased T1
signal
Answer 8

12. What is the diagnosis in a patient lacking
ipsilateral adduction to a contralateral
gaze?
Question 9
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
Answer 9

13. Meniere's disease features which type of
vertigo: Central or Peripheral?
Question 10
Peripheral
Answer 10

14. What is cataplexy?
Question 11
Weakness or flaccid muscles upon
excitement
Answer 11

15. What type of visual loss results from
right optic tract lesion?
Question 12
Left-sided homonymous hemianopia
Answer 12

16. What type of vision loss results from left
optic nerve lesion
Question 13
Left monocular blindness
Answer 13

17. What type of vision loss results from
right optic radiation lesion?
Question 14
Left quadrantanopia (anopia affecting a
quarter of the vision field)
Answer 14

18. Which vessel is typically involved in
Epidural hematomas?
Question 15
Middle Meningeal artery
Answer 15

19. Which involves venous bleeding:
Subdural or Epidural hematoma?
Question 16
Subdural hematoma
Answer 16

20. Which are more rapidly evolving:
Subdural or Epidural hematomas?
Question 17
Epidural hematoma
Answer 17

21. The upper face is usually spared in
supranuclear or infranuclear palsy?
Question 18
Supranuclear palsy
Answer 18

22. What is the characteristic rash of Lyme
disease?
Question 19
Erythema chronicum migrans
Answer 19

23. What toxicity is associated with
mitoxantrone use?
Question 20
Cardiotoxicity
Answer 20

24. What medication should be avoided in
patients with the JC virus as it can lead to
progressive multifocal
leukoencephalopathy (PML)?
Question 21
Natalizumab
Answer 21

25. What are the 4 types of Multiple
Sclerosis (MS)?
Question 22
- Primary-progressive MS (PPMS)
- Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)
- Secondary-progressive MS (SPMS)
- Progressive-relapsing MS (PRMS)
Answer 22

26. What form of Multiple Sclerosis is
described here? "The most common
form, relapses occur and are followed by
remission."
Question 23
Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)
Answer 23

27. What type of Multiple Sclerosis is
described here? "Slowly progressing MS
with no periods of remission."
Question 24
Primary-progressive MS (PPMS)
Answer 24

28. What type of Multiple Sclerosis is
described here? "Develops in people
having a relapse of MS. Partial recoveries
do occur but the disease gets
progressively worse with each cycle."
Question 25
Secondary-progressive MS (SPMS)
Answer 25

29. What are 2 main causes that need to be
ruled out before proceeding with the
treatment of a patient with psychosis?
Question 26
Electrolyte abnormalities and infection
Answer 26

30. Which commonly prescribed
antipsychotic can exacerbate
Parkinsonian symptoms?
Question 27
Haloperidol
Answer 27

31. What dopamine receptor antagonist
medication is used to help with diabetic
gastroparesis?
Question 28
Metoclopramide
Answer 28

32. What are the four cardinal features of
Parkinson's disease?
Question 29
- Resting tremors
- Bradykinesia
- Rigidity
- Postural instability
Answer 29

33. What is the preferred treatment for
middle-aged patients with Parkinson's
disease?
Question 30
Pramipexole
Answer 30

34. What medication can be given in
conjunction with levodopa for
Parkinson's disease?
Question 31
Carbidopa (which prevents peripheral
conversion of levodopa to dopamine)
Answer 31

35. What is the likely diagnosis in a patient
with chronic lower back pain that
improves with leaning forward or
walking uphill?
Question 32
Spinal stenosis
Answer 32

36. What is the most likely diagnosis in a
patient with malignancy, new lower back
pain, leg weakness, paresthesias, and
loss of bowel or bladder control?
Question 33
Cord compression
Answer 33

37. What is the likely diagnosis in an obese
individual with chronic lower back pain
lacking inflammatory features?
Question 34
Degenerative disc disease (or
osteoarthritis)
Answer 34

38. What type of cancer is associated with
Eaton-Lambert syndrome?
Question 35
Small cell (or Oat cell) lung cancer
Answer 35

39. What reflexes are characteristically seen
in Eaton-Lambert syndrome?
Question 36
Decreased reflexes (hyporeflexia)
Answer 36

40. In myasthenia gravis, antibodies are
directed against which receptors?
Question 37
Post-synaptic acetylcholine receptors
Answer 37

41. What reflexes are characteristically seen
in patients with hypothyroidism?
Question 38
Delayed reflexes
Answer 38

42. What reflexes are characteristically seen
in patients with West Nile virus?
Question 39
Decreased reflexes (hyporeflexia)
Answer 39

43. What reflexes are characteristically seen
in subacute combined degeneration?
Question 40
Increased reflexes (hyperreflexia)
Answer 40

44. What is the most important goal within
the first 24 hours after t-PA
administration?
Question 41
Blood pressure control: <180mmHg
systolic and <105mmHg diastolic
Answer 41

45. In the first 24 hours after t-PA
administration, what
medications/interventions should be
avoided?
Question 42
Aspirin, Heparin, Coumadin, or any sort
of Feeding
Answer 42

46. What can uncontrolled hypertension
cause in a patient with ischemic stroke
given tissue plasminogen activator (t-
PA)?
Question 43
Transformation into hemorrhagic stroke
Answer 43

47. What are the clinical features typically
seen in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?
Question 44
Progressive dementia and quick jerky
movements (myoclonus jerks) that are
exacerbated by loud noises
Answer 44

48. What are three major sources of
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?
Question 45
Contaminated Corneal transplants,
Growth hormone or Surgical instruments
Answer 45

49. What EEG findings are expected in
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?
Question 46
Slow background with intermittent sharp
waves present
Answer 46

50. Of the major forms of cancer, which is
least likely to lead to brain metastasis?
Question 47
Prostate cancer
Answer 47

51. In women, what is the most likely cancer
to spread to the brain parenchyma?
Question 48
Breast cancer
Answer 48

52. What area of the brain has a lesion in
locked-in syndrome?
Question 49
Lower brainstem, namely the pons area
Answer 49

53. What type of EEG results are expected in
a patient with locked-in syndrome?
Question 50
Normal EEG
Answer 50

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