The document is an introduction to a set of 50 nephrology/urology flashcards for medical board exam preparation provided by Knowmedge, an online medical education platform. It describes Knowmedge's resources including over 900 internal medicine questions, 4,000 flashcards, and 1,500 mnemonics. The flashcards cover topics in nephrology and urology and are intended to help users study for their medical board exams. Users are encouraged to visit Knowmedge's website and social media pages to learn more about their internal medicine learning tools and board review materials.
Internal Medicine Board Review - General Internal Medicine Flashcards - by Kn...Knowmedge
Internal Medicine Board Review Flashcards - This eBook contains 50 General Internal Medicine Flashcards. The Flashcards are review questions and can be used to study for medical board exams including the USMLE Step Exams and the ABIM Internal Medicine Exam. More questions can be found at www.knowmedge.com
Internal Medicine Board Review - Gastroenterology Flashcards - by KnowmedgeKnowmedge
Internal Medicine Board Review Flashcards - This eBook contains 50 Gastroenterology Flashcards. The Flashcards are review questions and can be used to study for medical board exams including the USMLE Step Exams and the ABIM Internal Medicine Exam. More questions can be found at www.knowmedge.com
Internal Medicine Board Review - Pulmonary Flashcards - by KnowmedgeKnowmedge
Internal Medicine Board Review Flashcards - This eBook contains 50 Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Flashcards. The Flashcards are review questions and can be used to study for medical board exams including the USMLE Step Exams and the ABIM Internal Medicine Exam. More questions can be found at www.knowmedge.com
Internal Medicine Practice Questions for ABIM Exam / NBME Internal Medicine S...Knowmedge
This free study guide contains 50 internal medicine practice questions to help you prepare for the ABIM exam / NBME internal medicine shelf exam.
Topics covered include Cardiovascular Disease, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Gastroenterology, General Internal Medicine, Hematology, Infectious Disease, Nephrology / Urology, Oncology, Neurology, Dermatology, Pulmonary Disease & Critical Care, Rheumatology / Orthopedics
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Internal Medicine Board Review - Cardiology Flashcards - by KnowmedgeKnowmedge
Internal Medicine Board Review Flashcards - This eBook contains 50 Cardiology Flashcards. The Flashcards are review questions and can be used to study for medical board exams including the USMLE Step Exams and the ABIM Internal Medicine Exam. More questions can be found at www.knowmedge.com
High-Yield Internal Medicine Board Review PearlsKnowmedge
This book contains chapters covering High-Yield pearls for all major categories seen on the Internal Medicine Board Exam / Shelf Exam. The chapters were created using the ABIM Internal Medicine Board Exam Blueprint. It is relevant for anyone interested in Internal Medicine information, including those preparing for the NBME Internal Medicine Shelf Exam and the USMLE Step 3 exam.
Topics covered include Cardiovascular Disease, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Gastroenterology, General Internal Medicine, Hematology, Infectious Disease, Nephrology / Urology, Oncology, Neurology, Dermatology, Pulmonary Disease & Critical Care, Rheumatology / Orthopedics
The book also contains 2 bonus chapters on how to study for the ABIM Internal Medicine Exam and the NBME Internal Medicine Shelf Exam.
Internal Medicine Board Review - Hematology Flashcards - by KnowmedgeKnowmedge
Internal Medicine Board Review Flashcards - This eBook contains 50 Hematology Flashcards. The Flashcards are review questions and can be used to study for medical board exams including the USMLE Step Exams and the ABIM Internal Medicine Exam. More questions can be found at www.knowmedge.com
Internal Medicine Board Review - Endocrinology Flashcards - by KnowmedgeKnowmedge
Internal Medicine Board Review Flashcards - This eBook contains 50 Endocrinology Flashcards. The Flashcards are review questions and can be used to study for medical board exams including the USMLE Step Exams and the ABIM Internal Medicine Exam. More questions can be found at www.knowmedge.com
Internal Medicine Board Review - General Internal Medicine Flashcards - by Kn...Knowmedge
Internal Medicine Board Review Flashcards - This eBook contains 50 General Internal Medicine Flashcards. The Flashcards are review questions and can be used to study for medical board exams including the USMLE Step Exams and the ABIM Internal Medicine Exam. More questions can be found at www.knowmedge.com
Internal Medicine Board Review - Gastroenterology Flashcards - by KnowmedgeKnowmedge
Internal Medicine Board Review Flashcards - This eBook contains 50 Gastroenterology Flashcards. The Flashcards are review questions and can be used to study for medical board exams including the USMLE Step Exams and the ABIM Internal Medicine Exam. More questions can be found at www.knowmedge.com
Internal Medicine Board Review - Pulmonary Flashcards - by KnowmedgeKnowmedge
Internal Medicine Board Review Flashcards - This eBook contains 50 Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Flashcards. The Flashcards are review questions and can be used to study for medical board exams including the USMLE Step Exams and the ABIM Internal Medicine Exam. More questions can be found at www.knowmedge.com
Internal Medicine Practice Questions for ABIM Exam / NBME Internal Medicine S...Knowmedge
This free study guide contains 50 internal medicine practice questions to help you prepare for the ABIM exam / NBME internal medicine shelf exam.
Topics covered include Cardiovascular Disease, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Gastroenterology, General Internal Medicine, Hematology, Infectious Disease, Nephrology / Urology, Oncology, Neurology, Dermatology, Pulmonary Disease & Critical Care, Rheumatology / Orthopedics
To learn more, visit www.knowmedge.com
Internal Medicine Board Review - Cardiology Flashcards - by KnowmedgeKnowmedge
Internal Medicine Board Review Flashcards - This eBook contains 50 Cardiology Flashcards. The Flashcards are review questions and can be used to study for medical board exams including the USMLE Step Exams and the ABIM Internal Medicine Exam. More questions can be found at www.knowmedge.com
High-Yield Internal Medicine Board Review PearlsKnowmedge
This book contains chapters covering High-Yield pearls for all major categories seen on the Internal Medicine Board Exam / Shelf Exam. The chapters were created using the ABIM Internal Medicine Board Exam Blueprint. It is relevant for anyone interested in Internal Medicine information, including those preparing for the NBME Internal Medicine Shelf Exam and the USMLE Step 3 exam.
Topics covered include Cardiovascular Disease, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Gastroenterology, General Internal Medicine, Hematology, Infectious Disease, Nephrology / Urology, Oncology, Neurology, Dermatology, Pulmonary Disease & Critical Care, Rheumatology / Orthopedics
The book also contains 2 bonus chapters on how to study for the ABIM Internal Medicine Exam and the NBME Internal Medicine Shelf Exam.
Internal Medicine Board Review - Hematology Flashcards - by KnowmedgeKnowmedge
Internal Medicine Board Review Flashcards - This eBook contains 50 Hematology Flashcards. The Flashcards are review questions and can be used to study for medical board exams including the USMLE Step Exams and the ABIM Internal Medicine Exam. More questions can be found at www.knowmedge.com
Internal Medicine Board Review - Endocrinology Flashcards - by KnowmedgeKnowmedge
Internal Medicine Board Review Flashcards - This eBook contains 50 Endocrinology Flashcards. The Flashcards are review questions and can be used to study for medical board exams including the USMLE Step Exams and the ABIM Internal Medicine Exam. More questions can be found at www.knowmedge.com
Internal Medicine Board Review - Infectious Disease Flashcards - by KnowmedgeKnowmedge
Internal Medicine Board Review Flashcards - This eBook contains 50 Infectious Disease Flashcards. The Flashcards are review questions and can be used to study for medical board exams including the USMLE Step Exams and the ABIM Internal Medicine Exam. More questions can be found at www.knowmedge.com
Infective endocarditis(IE) a brief insight- by Rxvichu!!!RxVichuZ
Hello readers!!!
This is my 31st powerpoint...published in GOOGLE SLIDESHARE!!!!
This presentation...consists of the details, with respect to INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS!
This,also, happens to be my first presentation ,that consists of 10 images, explaining the disease in short!
The disease has been explained in therapeutics fashion, and sure, will suffice the basic knowledge of the disease for interested readers.
Do go through it and give me your feedbacks!!
Thanks for your support!!
Vishnu. :)
Fourth Universal Definition Of Myocardial Infarction (2018)magdy elmasry
Reasons for the elevation of cardiac troponin values
because of myocardial injury.
Spectrum of myocardial injury, ranging from no injury to myocardial infarction. Criteria For MI.Types of MI.Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries(MINOCA)
Medillectual juniors 2017 (Prelims and Mains)Quitzkrieg
Medical Quiz; A part of Quitzkrieg 2017, the annual AIIMS Delhi Quiz fest under Pulse 2017. QMs: Sneha Mohan, Srividya, Lajja, Dev (and also, Satwik and Utkarsh)
Internal Medicine Board Review - Infectious Disease Flashcards - by KnowmedgeKnowmedge
Internal Medicine Board Review Flashcards - This eBook contains 50 Infectious Disease Flashcards. The Flashcards are review questions and can be used to study for medical board exams including the USMLE Step Exams and the ABIM Internal Medicine Exam. More questions can be found at www.knowmedge.com
Infective endocarditis(IE) a brief insight- by Rxvichu!!!RxVichuZ
Hello readers!!!
This is my 31st powerpoint...published in GOOGLE SLIDESHARE!!!!
This presentation...consists of the details, with respect to INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS!
This,also, happens to be my first presentation ,that consists of 10 images, explaining the disease in short!
The disease has been explained in therapeutics fashion, and sure, will suffice the basic knowledge of the disease for interested readers.
Do go through it and give me your feedbacks!!
Thanks for your support!!
Vishnu. :)
Fourth Universal Definition Of Myocardial Infarction (2018)magdy elmasry
Reasons for the elevation of cardiac troponin values
because of myocardial injury.
Spectrum of myocardial injury, ranging from no injury to myocardial infarction. Criteria For MI.Types of MI.Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries(MINOCA)
Medillectual juniors 2017 (Prelims and Mains)Quitzkrieg
Medical Quiz; A part of Quitzkrieg 2017, the annual AIIMS Delhi Quiz fest under Pulse 2017. QMs: Sneha Mohan, Srividya, Lajja, Dev (and also, Satwik and Utkarsh)
Internal Medicine Board Review - Rheumatology Flashcards - by KnowmedgeKnowmedge
Internal Medicine Board Review Flashcards - This eBook contains 50 Rheumatology
Flashcards. The Flashcards are review questions and can be used to study for medical board exams including the USMLE Step Exams and the ABIM Internal Medicine Exam. More questions can be found at www.knowmedge.com
Internal Medicine Board Review - Dermatology Flashcards - by KnowmedgeKnowmedge
Internal Medicine Board Review Flashcards - This eBook contains 50 Dermatology Flashcards. The Flashcards are review questions and can be used to study for medical board exams including the USMLE Step Exams and the ABIM Internal Medicine Exam. More questions can be found at www.knowmedge.com
Internal Medicine Board Review - Neurology Flashcards - by KnowmedgeKnowmedge
Internal Medicine Board Review Flashcards - This eBook contains 50 Neurology Flashcards. The Flashcards are review questions and can be used to study for medical board exams including the USMLE Step Exams and the ABIM Internal Medicine Exam. More questions can be found at www.knowmedge.com
Obstructive Jaundice: A Blocked Highway to Healthgharkaacer
Obstructive Jaundice: A Blocked Highway to Health
Obstructive jaundice, a condition marked by the yellowing of the skin and eyes, is not a disease itself, but rather a signal of an underlying problem affecting the delicate dance of digestion. Imagine bile, a vital fluid produced by the liver, as the essential traffic on a highway transporting waste products and aiding food breakdown. In obstructive jaundice, a blockage disrupts this flow, causing a breakdown in the system with potential health consequences.
This blockage can occur anywhere along the bile ducts, narrow tubes carrying bile from the liver to the small intestine. Common culprits include gallstones, hardened cholesterol deposits that can lodge in the ducts, and tumors of the liver, pancreas, or bile ducts themselves. Other causes include inflammation, infections, and scarring.
The yellow tint, caused by bilirubin, a waste product normally carried by bile, accumulating in the bloodstream, is just one symptom. Others include dark urine, pale stools, fatigue, itching, and abdominal pain. These can significantly impact quality of life and require prompt medical attention.
Diagnosing obstructive jaundice involves a combination of physical examination, blood tests, imaging techniques like ultrasound or MRI, and potentially biopsy. Once the cause is identified, treatment aims to address the underlying issue and alleviate symptoms.
For gallstones, minimally invasive procedures like endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) can remove the block. In some cases, surgery may be necessary. Tumors may require surgery, chemotherapy, or other forms of treatment, depending on the type and stage. Other causes may necessitate specific interventions based on their nature.
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications like infections, malnutrition, and liver damage. In severe cases, untreated obstructive jaundice can lead to liver failure, a life-threatening condition.
While obstructive jaundice can be a worrying sign, remember that timely medical intervention can restore normal bile flow and address the underlying cause. It's important to be aware of the symptoms and seek medical attention if any concerns arise. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, can help reduce the risk of certain contributing factors like gallstones.
By understanding the signs, causes, and treatment options for obstructive jaundice, we can navigate this potential roadblock to health and ensure a smoother journey on the highway of well-being.
- Recorded videos of this lecture:
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1. In the ACCORD trial, Intensive glycemic therapy (goal glycated h.pdfagaramjareld
1. In the ACCORD trial, Intensive glycemic therapy (goal: glycated hemoglobin <6%) increased
all-cause mortality compared with Standard glycemic therapy ( goal: glycated hemoglobin 7.0
7.9%).
Group of answer choices
True
False
Flag question: Question 2
Question 21 pts
2. Atherosclerosis is rarely confined to a single organ such as the heart, brain or kidneys.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Flag question: Question 3
Question 31 pts
3. The biggest burden resulting from high BP is in which one of the following world regions:
Group of answer choices
Africa
Asia
Europe (Eastern and Western)
North America
Flag question: Question 4
Question 41 pts
4. Often, heart failure remains asymptomatic (silent) until cardiac decompensation occurs.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Flag question: Question 5
Question 51 pts
5. In reports of large event-based randomized controlled trials, the contents of Table 1 usually
provides which one of the following types of information:
Group of answer choices
The extent to which subgroup analyses are valid
The type of study design used to conduct the trial
The characteristics of the study sample
The rates of the primary and secondary endpoints
Flag question: Question 6
Question 61 pts
6. When using an absolute risk prediction equation, the following is an accurate and appropriate
way to interpret a 10-year risk estimate of 5% for a patient:
Your risk of having a cardiovascular event in the next 10 years is 5%.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Flag question: Question 7
Question 71 pts
7. In the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), new onset diabetes was significantly less common
in the group randomized to metformin treatment compared with the group randomized to
lifestyle modification with a goal of weight loss and increased physical activity).
Group of answer choices
True
False
Flag question: Question 8
Question 81 pts
8. In adults, systolic blood pressure (BP) is a better predictor of CVD compared to diastolic BP.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Flag question: Question 9
Question 91 pts
9. Between 2000 and 2010, the prevalence of hypertension declined in high-income countries
but increased in middle- and low-income countries.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Flag question: Question 10
Question 101 pts
10. The SPRINT trial was stopped early due to an excess of serious adverse events among the
participants randomized to intensive BP treatment.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Flag question: Question 11
Question 111 pts
11. In the 2010 global estimates report by Mills et al, which one of the following best
approximates the percentage of adults in middle- and low-income countries who had
hypertension and were being treated and controlled with antihypertensive drug therapy to a
systolic/diastolic blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg?
Group of answer choices
>50%
>40%
>30%
<20%
Flag question: Question 12
Question 121 pts
12. In the Systolic Blood Pressure Trial (SPRINT), intensive blood pressure treatment
significantly red.
Internal Medicine Board Review - Oncology Flashcards - by KnowmedgeKnowmedge
Internal Medicine Board Review Flashcards - This eBook contains 50 Oncology Flashcards. The Flashcards are review questions and can be used to study for medical board exams including the USMLE Step Exams and the ABIM Internal Medicine Exam. More questions can be found at www.knowmedge.com
Internal Medicine Board Review: Anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation - CHAD...Knowmedge
ABIM internal medicine exam review: Patients with atrial fibrillation should be stratified according to their risk of stroke so that they can be placed on the appropriate antithrombotic regimen. A simple clinical tool to perform this risk stratification is the CHADS2 score. A revised extension of the CHA2DS2-VASc score has been developed and has shown incremental improvement in the classification of a patient’s risk.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
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Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
3. Dear Reader,
Thank you for downloading a copy of this eBook. If you are searching for study materials for your
medical board exam, you are on the verge of a significant milestone in your professional journey.
Knowmedge is a medical education learning platform that was launched in April 2013. It features over
900 Internal Medicine questions, 4,000+ flashcards, 1,500+ medical mnemonics… all designed to help
you learn and reinforce the key concepts covered on the exam. In addition, each of the Knowmedge
Internal Medicine questions features a highly interactive audio visual explanation, in which our content
experts walk you through the principles underlying each question to methodically arrive at the correct
answer.
This book contains 50 quick review Nephrology/Urology flashcards written by the team of
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Best of luck in your preparations!
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Ravi Bhatia, MD
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4. What are 5 major causes of
tubulointersitial kidney disease?
Question 1
Medications, Infections, Immunologic,
Malignancy, Obstructive
Answer 1
5. Significant fluid volume depletion is a
clinical clue for what renal process?
Question 2
Pre-renal azotemia
Answer 2
6. What kidney stone is most likely to
precipitate in alkaline urine?
Question 3
Magnesium ammonium phosphate
Answer 3
7. Arrange the order of blood flow: arteries,
afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent
arteriole
Question 4
The order of blood flow is: arteries--
>afferent arteriole-->glomerulus-->
efferent arteriole
Answer 4
8. True or False: HIV infection is often cited
as a complication of hemodialysis.
Question 5
False, unlike Hepatitis B and C, HIV is not
an oft-cited complication of
hemodialysis.
Answer 5
9. What protein:creatinine ratio would you
expect for patients with nephrotic
syndrome?
Question 6
Greater than 3.5
Answer 6
10. What is the initial treatment for benign
prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
Question 7
Alpha antagonists followed by 5-alpha
reductase inhibitors
Answer 7
11. What are 4 examples of of alpha
antagonists?
Question 8
Examples of alpha antagonists are
doxazosin, tamsulosin, terazosin, and
alfuzosin
Answer 8
12. True or False: Renal cell carcinoma
occurs most often in females between 30
and 50 years of age.
Question 9
False; Renal cell carcinoma occurs more
often in males than females and usually
arises between 50 and 70 years of age.
Answer 9
13. What is the phosphorous level (high,
low, normal) in primary
hyperparathyroidism?
Question 10
Low
Answer 10
14. What effect does citrate found in
transfused blood have on ionized
calcium?
Question 11
Citrate lowers ionized calcium levels
Answer 11
15. What are 3 main symptoms that the
change in calcium levels due to citrate
causes?
Question 12
Convulsions, Arrhythmia, and Tetany
Answer 12
16. Metoprolol is a beta blocker that
(elevates/lowers) potassium levels.
Question 13
Elevates
Answer 13
17. Any medication that causes vasodilation
of the afferent arteriole would (increase
or decrease?) flow down to the
glomerulus and (increase or decrease?)
upstream arterial pressure.
Question 14
Increase; Decrease
Answer 14
18. Multiple myeloma is generally associated
with which type of RTA (Renal Tubular
Acidosis)?
Question 15
RTA Type 2
Answer 15
19. What Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) will
cause hyperkalemia?
Question 16
RTA Type 4
Answer 16
20. Muddy brown casts in a urinalysis is a
clue towards which renal process?
Question 17
Acute tubular necrosis
Answer 17
21. Hyaline casts in a urinalysis is a clue
towards which renal process?
Question 18
Pre-renal azotemia
Answer 18
22. Fractional excretion of sodium greater
than 1% is usually an indication of what
renal process?
Question 19
Acute tubular necrosis
Answer 19
23. Kidney stones that are less than __ mm
in diameter usually pass spontaneously.
Question 20
5
Answer 20
24. What is the most common type of kidney
stone?
Question 21
Calcium oxalate stones make up around
65% of all stones.
Answer 21
25. What nephrotic syndrome is most often
associated with Hepatitis C and
Cryoglobulinemia?
Question 22
Membranoproliferative
glomerulonephritis
Answer 22
26. What nephrotic syndrome is most often
associated with heroin use, obesity,
sickle cell disease, African-Americans
Question 23
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Answer 23
27. What nephrotic syndrome is most often
associated with Hepatitis B, Gold,
Penicillamine, Solid tumors, NSAID use,
Syphilis?
Question 24
Membranous nephropathy
Answer 24
28. What is the gold standard for the
diagnosis of kidney stones?
Question 25
Noncontrast helical abdominal CT
Answer 25
29. In patients with chronic kidney disease,
severe arthritis and carpal tunnel
syndrome can result because of
deposition of what substance in the
joints?
Question 26
β2 microglobulin
Answer 26
30. What is the GFR level for Stage 4 Chronic
Kidney Disease?
Question 27
15-29 ml/min/1.73m2
Answer 27
31. What condition can occur in patients
with CKD who receive gadolinium?
Question 28
Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis (NSF)
Answer 28
32. What are the two main kinds of bone
problems that can occur with Stage 3
CKD?
Question 29
Renal osteodystrophy and adynamic
bone
Answer 29
33. In a patient who is hyperventilating,
what would you expect pH, CO2, and
ionized calcium levels to be (low, normal,
high)?
Question 30
High pH;
Low CO2;
Low ionized calcium
Answer 30
34. In management of Chronic Kidney
Disease, ACE inhibitors, such as lisinopril,
should be discontinued if they cause a
rise in creatinine by more than what
pecentage
Question 31
0.3
Answer 31
35. In CKD, erythropoietin should be given to
bring the hemoglobin up to a goal of
what level?
Question 32
11-12g/dL
Answer 32
36. True or False: Taking hydrochlorothiazide
is an effective way to decrease urine
calcium
Question 33
True
Answer 33
37. Bumpy contours of renal pelvis suggests
what condition?
Question 34
Analgesic nephropathy
Answer 34
38. What would you expect the
BUN:Creatinine ratio to be for patients
with pre-renal azotemia?
Question 35
Greater than 20:1
Answer 35
39. In pre-renal azotemia, what would you
expect the urine sediment to show?
Question 36
Hyaline casts
Answer 36
40. What are the 3 main causes of hematuria
without RBCs in the urine?
Question 37
Rhabdomyolysis, Paroxysmal nocturnal
hemoglobinuria (PNH), Excessive vitamin
C intake
Answer 37
41. How long after giving contrast does
Radiocontrast-induced nephropathy
usually occur?
Question 38
Within 48 hours
Answer 38
42. For a post-prostatectomy patient
experiencing back pain, if the prostate
serum antigen (PSA) level comes back
less than ________, a bone scan would
not be recommended.
Question 39
10ng/mL
Answer 39
43. In (Central or Nephrogenic) Diabetes
Insipidus, there is decreased production
of vasopressin that can arise in patients
after experiencing trauma or
neurosurgery
Question 40
Central
Answer 40
44. In (Central or Nephrogenic) Diabetes
Insipidus, there is decreased
responsiveness of the renal tubules to
vasopressin.
Question 41
Nephrogenic
Answer 41
45. True or False: RBC Casts in Urine are
seen in both IgA Nephropathy and Post-
Infectious GN
Question 42
True
Answer 42
46. For patients vomitting, urine sodium will
generally be less than what value?
Question 43
Urine sodium will generally be less than
20mEq/L for patients that are vomiting
as the body is trying to compensate and
hold onto sodium.
Answer 43
47. What test is needed to determine the
cause of metabolic alkalosis?
Question 44
Need to obtain a urine chloride sample
Answer 44
48. 24-hour urine protein level greater than
what level corresponds to nephrotic
syndrome
Question 45
3.5g
Answer 45
49. In the setting of metabolic alkalosis in
which renal related causes are
suspected, what value is looked at next
to determine the precise cause?
Question 46
Blood pressure level
Answer 46
50. For a patient with metabolic alkalosis, a
urine chroide value greater than what
indicates renal related causes?
Question 47
Greater than 20 mEq/L
Answer 47
51. What will the complement level be in IgA
Nephropathy?
Question 48
Normal
Answer 48
52. What will the complement level be in
Post-Infectious GN?
Question 49
Low
Answer 49
53. True or False: Hypokalemia and
hypercalcemia can also cause
nephrogenic DI
Question 50
True
Answer 50
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