1) A 24-year-old man was diagnosed with Loeys–Dietz syndrome type 1 based on genetic analysis showing a mutation that puts him at high risk for aortic dissection. 2) A 59-year-old man with a history of carotid stenting presented with visual changes and was found to have retinal cholesterol emboli due to ongoing embolism after stenting. 3) An 83-year-old woman with atrial fibrillation and pacemaker presented with heart failure and was discharged on medical management.

1. Clinical Cases in Cardiology Dr. Ihab Suliman

2. A 24-year-old man was hospitalized for evaluation. He had a family history of aortic disease. Physical examination

3. Revealed bifid uvula and pectus excavatum.Dilated aorta 5.5

5. A 59-year-old man with a medical history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and coronary artery disease presented with transient, painless visual obscuration in the left eye,

7. 83 years old lady chronic AF , Dysphagia

9. CXR findings ?

15. Mortality Rates After First Hospitalization for HF Jong et al. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:1689-1694. Age- and Sex-Stratified Case-Fatality Rates 30 Days and 1 Year After First Hospitalization for HF Men Women Mortality, % Mortality, % Age Group, y No. of Patients 30-Day 1-Year No. of Patients 30-Day 1-Year 20-49 50-64 65-74 ≥ 75 All Ages 655 3048 5923 9310 18,936 4.6 5.5 8.6 15.6 11.4 15.0 20.5 28.8 43.1 34.0 375 1892 4412 13,087 19,766 4.3 5.4 6.8 14.7 11.8 10.9 19.5 23.0 37.9 32.3

16. Type of the valve ?

19. CXR ??