This document provides an overview of computer networking topics including: - Networking allows computers to communicate and share resources over a connection. Basic elements include hardware, software, and protocols. - Benefits of networks include information and hardware sharing between users, as well as collaborative work environments. - Networks are categorized by topology (layout), protocols (communication rules), and transmission characteristics such as analog vs. digital signals. Common topologies include bus, star, ring and mesh.

1. GOOD
MORNING

2. MYSELF
Name: Saifullah Al Galib
ID: 16103088
Program: BCSE
Section: B

3. TOPICS
NETWORKING

4. TOPIC CONTENTS
• WHAT IS NETWORK
• BENEFITS OF NETWORK
• Types of computer networks
• Basic elements of a communication system
• HOW ARE NETWORKS CATEGORIZED
• Topology
• Protocol

5. INTRODUCTION-
What is networking?
 A network is a collection of computers and
devices connected to each other. The network
allows computers to communicate with each other
and share resources and information.
In other words networking can be defined as
inter-connection of two or more computers for
sharing the resources(hardware and software)and
provide security on them.
 Networks are built with a combination of
computer hardware and computer software.

6. BENEFITS OF A NETWORK
• Information sharing: Authorized users can use other
computers on the network to access and share information and
data. This could include special group projects, databases, etc.
• Hardware sharing: One device connected to a
network, such as a printer or scanner, can be shared by many
users.
• Software sharing: Instead of purchasing and installing
a software program on each computer, it can be installed on the
server. All of the users can then access the program from a
single location.
• Collaborative environment: Users can work
together on group projects by combining the power and
capabilities of diverse equipment.

8.  LAN (LOCAL AREA NETWORK)
 WAN (WIDE AREA NETWORK)
 MAN (METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK)
 PAN (PERSONAL AREA NETWORK)
 VPN (VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK)
 CAN (CAMPUS AREA NETWORK)
 GAN(GLOBAL AREA NETWORK)
 SAN (STORAGE AREA NETWORK)

9. Basic elements of a communication
system

10. HOW ARE NETWORKS
CATEGORIZED
• Networks are usually classified using
three properties:
•Topology
•Protocol

11. NETWORK
TOPOLOGIES
• Network Topology (or layout) – refers
to the way computers and peripherals
are configured to form networks
• Bus (can be both logical and physical)
• Star (physical only)
• Ring (can be both logical and physical)
• Mesh/Hybrid (can be both logical and
physical)

13. Network topology (cont.)
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Network
Topologies

14. NETWORK/COMMUNICATION
PROTOCOLS
• A protocol is simply an agreed-on
set of rules and procedures for
transmitting data between two or
more devices

15. • Features determined by the protocol are:
–How the sending device indicates it has
finished sending the message.
–How the receiving device indicates it has
received the message.
• The type of error checking to be used. Most
networks use Ethernet, but some network may
use IBM’s Token Ring protocol.
• On the Internet, the major protocol is TCP/IP
(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol).

16. DATA TRANSMISSION
CHARACTERISTICS
• Modes(directions)
• Analog or Digital (type of signal)

17. Data Transmission Mode

18. Data Transmission Mode
Graphically

19. Analog or Digital (type of
signal)
Analog transmission –
 Takes the form of continuous waves
 Transmitted over a medium at a certain
frequency rage
 Measured in VOLTS and frequency in HERTZ
Digital transmission –
 Sends data in the form of bits
 Transmitted data in a square wave
 Data flows is not continuous

21. Reference: Hand writing, Google,
Google 3D image