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Network Optimization
- 2. First Operatorstarted in TAMIL NADU (Chennai) in INDIA. Aircel is India’s fourth largest GSM mobile service provider. In DELHI network having spectrum of 4.4 MHz in 1800 band. Spectrum GSM -900/1800(23 circles),WiMax,3G (15 circles). The Aircel Group is having alliance with Maxis Communications Berhad of Malaysia (74% equity) and Sindya Securities & Investments Private Limited (26% equity).
- 3. •Improve network performance •Importantcomponent of effective information system management •GOAL is to ensure an optimal network design with lowest cost structure and free flow of data •Should be able to ensure optimal usage for system resources •Improve productivity as well as efficiency for the organization. •Must be able to boost network efficiency without acquiring additional or expensive hardware or software. WHAT IS NETWORK OPTIMIZATION?
- 6. GSM stands forGlobal system for mobile communication. It is a standard developed by the European Telecommunication Standard Institute(ETSI) to describe protocols for second generation (2G) digital cellular networks used by Mobile phones. The main task of the GSM network is to setup, maintain and disconnect voice or data calls towards and from mobile subscribers. The following table lists the frequency spectrum that has been allocated for GSM900, GSM1800 and GSM1900 frequency bands.Description GSM900 GSM1800 GSM1900 Uplink band 890-915 MHz 1710-1785 MHz 1850-1910 MHz Downlink band 935-960 MHz 1805-1880 MHz 1930-1990 MHz
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- 9. BTS BTS BTS MS MS EIR AUC HLR VLR Mobile stationprovides user access to GSM network for Voice & Data. All GSM mobiles comply to the GSM standards. Subscriber data is read from a SIM card that plugs into MS. Each MS has a unique number called as IMEI number, which is stored in EIR for authentication purposes. Mobile camps on to the GSM network through a BTS serving the cell. Mobile also scans neighboring cells and reports signal strength. Network knows whereabouts of mobiles from HLR & VLR databases. Mobile Transmit and Receive voice at 13 KB/s over air interface. SIM BTS
- 10. H BTS MS BSC MSC CELL BTShas a set of Transceivers to communicate with mobile's in its area One BTS covers one or more than one cell The capacity of a cell depends upon number of transceivers in a cell. BTS is connected to the BSC through Abis Interface, which is a 2Mb/s BTS transmit and receive voice at 13 kbps over air interface to the mobiles. BTS commands mobiles to set Tx. power, timing advance and Handovers. RF Channels Abis - 2 MBits/s
- 11. H Several BTS'sare connected to one BSC BSC manages channel allocation,handovers and release of channels at connected BTS's BSC connects to each BTS on an Abis interface & to the MSC on A interface BSC has the entire database for all cell parameters associated with the BTS's. MSC Abis A
- 12. H Exchange wherecalls are established, maintained and released. Database for all subscribers and their associated features. Communicates with BSC's on MS side and with PSTN on fixed line side. MSC is weighted on the number of subscribers it can support. BSC's BTS's HLR VLR MSC
- 16. Electric field andmagnetic field together are c alled “Electro-Magnetic field”. When Electric and magnetic fields are alternately generated and propagated through Space together, this wave is called Electro-Magnetic wave. The strength of EMF is expressed with the units watt per square meter(W/m2). The number of oscillations of a wave in one second is called “frequency” and it is expressed in the unit Hz (hertz). In the cellular communication system radio waves are used for transmitting information between mobile phones and antennas.
- 17. Electromagnetic Radiation consistsof electric and magnetic energy wa ves Moving together through space at the speed of light. NON-IONIZING RADIATION Radiation that has enough energy to move atoms in a molecule around or cause them to vibrate, but not enough to remove electrons, is referred to as "non-ionizing radiation. " Examples - sound waves, visible light, and microwaves. IONIZING RADIATION Radiation that has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, thus creating ions is referred to as “ionizing radiation. EXAMPLES -Xray radiation and gamma ray radiations Types of Radiation in the Electromagnetic Spectrum
- 18. Telecom RegularityAuthority Of India have some set of rules on the basis of which companies have to install the tower and transmission from the tower should have a specific range of EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power). There are 2 methods to calculate EIRP ratio: 1) Calculation method (formulated Excel sheet) 2) Broadband testing ( using NARDA Equipment )
- 19. 1.CALCULATION METHOD Calculations aremade for different operators and total ratio calculated as under
- 21. MYTH FACT Mobile phoneuse cause headaches. Headaches are not related to Mobile phone use and there is no scientific evidence. It is safer using a mobile phone in a car , as the car shields from the radiation. The RF radiation is increased by Mobile phones when used in a car to overcome the shielding. Mobile phones cause brain cancer to the people who use it. There is no scientific evidence that Mobile Phone can cause brain cancer. Mobile Base stations are dangerous and one should have distance from it. It is the antenna from which we should keep distance not from tower and thaT too if we are positioned facing antenna at comparable height. At the ground level, the intensity of RF radiation from base station is much lesser than that of from Antenna. Nobody is investigating the health effects of RF radiation. The World Health Organization, many national & international organizations and independent expert groups are coordinating to investigate health effects of RF radiation.