Configure and administer server

PreparedByAbenezerA.
Prepared By Abenezer A.
UNIT OF COMPETENCE
CONFIGURE AND ADMINISTER
SERVER
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Preparedby:AbenezerA.E-Mail:abiti.hana@gmail.com
LO1:- Confirm server specification.
LO2:- Verify server compatibility and inter operability.
LO3:- Configure and test server.
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
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LO1:- CONFIRM SERVER SPECIFICATION
Objectives:- After completing this Learning outcome the
trainees should able to know:
 Define Network Operating system and its characteristics
 Define Server and its Roles
 Define Windows Server 2003 Application and their Function
 Identify Windows Server 2003 Specifications
 Identify Windows Server 2003 Technology and resource
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LO1:- CONFIRM SERVER SPECIFICATION
 A network operating system (NOS) is the software that
runs on a server computer and enables the server to
manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and
other networking functions.
 It is a computer operating system that is designed primarily
to support workstation, personal computer, and, in some
instances, older terminal that are connected on a local
area network (LAN).
Definition and Characteristics of Network OS
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CONT….
 The network operating system is designed to allow shared
file and printer access among multiple computers in a
network, typically a local area network (LAN), a private
network or to other networks.
 Network Operating Systems are based on
a client/server architecture in which a server enables
multiple clients to share and access resources.
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 Advantage of NOS
 Centrally manage network resources, such as programs,
data and devices.
 Secure access to a network.
 Allow remote users to connect to a network.
 Allow users to connect to other networks like the Internet.
 Back up data and ensure its availability.
 Multiuser, Multitasking, and Multiprocessor Systems
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 Supports multiple user accounts at the same time and
enables concurrent access to shared resources by
multiple clients. Allow for simple additions
of clients and resources.
 Monitor the status and functionality of network elements.
 Distribute programs and software updates to clients.
 Ensure efficient use of a server's capabilities.
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Differences between Network and Desktop OS
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Network Operating System Desktop Operating System
■ Supports multiple users
■ Runs multiuser applications
■ Shares files and folders on a
large network with high security.
■ Designed for a corporate
environment serving multiple
users with a wide range of needs .
■ Support large number of users.
■ Supports a single user
■ Runs single-user applications
■ Shares files and folders on a
small network with limited
security
■ Designed for a small
office/home office (SOHO) with
a limited number of users

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CONT….
Types of Network
 There are two types of network based on configuration
1. Peer to peer network
2. Server based network
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1. Peer to peer network:-
 This is a type of network in which all computers are connected to
each other. It is inexpensive to setup.
 Files are placed on any computer and can be accessed by any other
computer in the network.
 This type of network is best for small or medium size organization.
CONT….
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CONT…
1.1. Advantages of peer to peer network:-
 It is easy to configure
 It is not expensive to setup
1.2. Disadvantages of peer to peer network:-
 No control over all the computers i.e. decentralized
 Security problem
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2. Server based network:-
 This is type of network in which there is a server that is attached
to client computer. So one computer is behaving as a center
server controlling and managing other computers.
2.1. Advantages of client and server network:-
 Security is well managed in these systems
 New resources can be easily added and removed to these
networks
 New technology can be put in without any problem
 Server can be accessed remotely also
CONT….
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2.2. Disadvantages of client and server network:-
 It is expensive to setup
 Maintenance of these systems require more staff
 All computers are dependent on server. If server crashes
then all computers effected
Examples of network operating systems:-
 Windows server 2003 (client and server network)
 Appleshare
CONT….
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1. Macintosh OS X.
2. Microsoft Windows Server.
3. UNIX/Linux.
4. Novell NetWare
Types of Network Operating System
CONT….
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1. Novell NetWare:
 Novell NetWare was the first OS to meet
network OS requirements and enjoy widespread
deployment in PC-based LANs back in the
1980s
 The original NetWare product in 1983,
supported clients running both GUI and MS-
DOS, ran over a proprietary star network
topology and was based on a Novell-built file
server using the Motorola 68000 processor, but
the company soon moved away from building its
own hardware, and NetWare became hardware-
independent, running on any suitable Intel-
based IBM PC compatible system, and a wide
range of network cards. 15
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2. Microsoft Windows:
 Network operating systems
offered by Microsoft are
Windows 2000 Server and
Windows Server 2003.
 Windows Server operating
systems use a central Database
called Active Directory to
manage network resources.
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3. Linux/UNIX:
 Linux is an operating system
similar to UNIX.
 It runs on many different
computers and was first
released in 1991.
 Linux operating systems
include RedHat, Caldera,
SUSE, Debian, Fedora, Sanba
and Slackware
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4. Macintosh OS X.
 Mac OS is the computer
operating system for Apple
Computer's Macintosh line of
personal computers and
workstations.
 A popular feature of its latest
version, Mac OS X , is a
desktop interface with some
3-D appearance
characteristics.
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CONT….

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QUIZ (5%)
1. Define network operating system?
2. What is the basic difference between desktop operating
system and server operating system?
3. List and define the basic type of NOS?
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CONT…
What is Server?
 Servers is large system with higher processing speed,
memory and hard disk capacity whose role in a network is to
provide services and resources to users.
 In a large network environment, servers may have one or
more specific roles in a network, depending on the number of
users, volume of traffic, number of peripherals, and so on
 Computer that functions as servers within a domain can have
one of two roles, Domain Controller or Member Server.
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SERVER-BASED NETWORK:-
 Server-based network:- A network in which
network security and storage are managed
centrally by one or more servers.
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CONT…
How It Works
 In a server-based network, special computers called
servers handle network tasks such as authenticating
users, storing files, managing printers, and running
applications such as database and e-mail programs.
 Security is generally centralized in a security provider,
which allows users to have one user account for logging
on to any computer in the network. Because files are
stored centrally, they can be easily secured and backed
up.
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CONT….
Role of Server:
1. Domain Controller is the authentication server or security
server validate users for logging on and accessing network
resources.
2. Member servers is a computer that provides specific
function.
Such as :-File and print servers provide users with
centralized locations for storing files and accessing print
devices.
3. Standalone Server is a computer install only NOS without
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CONT…
Choosing a NOS
 The main features to consider when selecting a NOS
include:
 Performance
 Management and monitoring tools
 Security
 Scalability
 Robustness/fault tolerance
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 One of the first and most important activities to
get on when confirming server specifications is to
confirm client needs and to ensure that they
acknowledge that requirements have been
captured correctly.
 So one of the tasks in confirming client needs is to
document the requirements.
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Client Requirements issues

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CONT…
 This may include identifying or clarifying
 The business case
 Level of services they need
 Maintenance and backup requirements
 Bandwidth issues
 The nature of the data (e.g. text, multimedia)
 Security needs (E.g. levels of user access and privileges)
 Available support resources
 Cost or budget.
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CONT…
 Once requirements have been defined and client needs
are clarified, it’s time to start thinking about identifying
products that fit the solution. In this case, we need to
focus on the possible server solutions.
 Remember: a server consists of
 Hardware
 Software
 Network connections.
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Identify Windows Server 2003 Specifications
What is Server Specification?
 Server specifications provide detailed information
for your server, including dimensions, electrical,
power, temperature, environment, and service
clearances.
 It is the hardware and software specifications of
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Example of Server Specifications is given as follow
Hardware Specifications
 Server Model: DELL PowerEdge 860
 Processor:Intel Dual Core Xeon Pro 3050 2.13GHz
 Memory: DDR2 8 GB ECC Registered
 Harddrive: 500 GB S-ATA II
 CaseType: Rack Mount 1 U
 LANPort:2 LAN Port (2 Gigabit port)
 Cacheand FSB:2MB Cache, 1066MHz FSB, Dual Channel Memory, ECC Supported
Software Specifications
Operating System:
 Windows Server 2003/2008 X-86 based OS
InstalledApplications:
 MS Office 2007/2010 (32-bit version)*
 Apache 2.0 Webserver
 SQL Server 2008/MySQL5, PHP5, CGI, Perl, SSI
 POP3, SMTP, IMAP, Webmail
 Symantec Antivirus

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Identify Windows Server 2003 Technology and
resource
HARDWARE OF SERVER
 CPU
 RAM
 HDD
 RAID Controller
 FAN
 POWER SUPPLY……
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CONT….
Types of Computer Server
1. Blade Server
2. Rack Mount Server
3. Tower Server
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1. BLADE SERVER
 Blade server.
A server architecture that
houses multiple server modules
("blades") in a single chassis. It
is widely used in datacenters to
save space and improve system
management. Either self-
standing or rack mounted, the
chassis provides the power
supply, and each blade has its
own CPU, RAM and storage.
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2. RACK MOUNT SERVER
 A rack server, also called a rack-
mounted server, is a computer
dedicated to use as a server and
designed to be installed in a
framework called a rack. The rack
contains multiple mounting slots
called bays, each designed to hold a
hardware unit secured in place with
screws. A rack server has a low-
profile enclosure, in contrast to
a tower server, which is built into an
upright, standalone cabinet.
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3. TOWER SERVER
 A tower server is a computer intended
for use as a server and built in an
upright cabinet that stands alone.
The cabinet, called a tower, is similar
in size and shape to the cabinet for a
tower-style personal computer. This is
in contrast to rack server s or blade
server s, which are designed to
be rack-mounted .
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LO2: VERIFYING SERVER COMPATIBILITY
AND INTER-OPERABILITY
Objectives:
 After completing this Learning outcome the student
should be able to:
 Review Hardware and software compatibility
 Install Required operating system and software
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REVIEW HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
COMPATIBILITY
Computer compatibility
 A family of computer models is said to be compatible
if certain software that runs on one of the
models can also be run on all other models of
the family.
 The computer models may differ in performance,
reliability or some other characteristic. These
differences may affect the outcome of the running
of the software.
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CONT…
What is Software compatibility?
 Software compatibility is a characteristic of
software components or systems which can operate
satisfactorily together on the same computer, or on
different computers linked by a computer network.
 It is possible that some software components or
systems may be compatible in one environment
and incompatible in another.
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CONT…..
 Software compatibility can refer to the
compatibility that particular software has running
on a particular CPU architecture such as Intel or
PowerPC.
 Software compatibility can also refer to ability for
the software to run on a particular operating
system. Very rarely is compiled software compatible
with multiple different CPU architectures.
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CONT…
 Software incompatibility occurs many times for
new software released for a newer version of an
operating system which is incompatible with the
older version of the operating system because
it may miss some of the features and functionality
that the software depends on.
 Software that works on older versions of an
operating system is said to be backwards
compatible.
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CONT….
What is Hardware Compatibility?
 Hardware Compatibility List (HCL) is a list of
computer hardware (typically including many types
of peripheral devices) that is compatible with a
particular operating system or device management
software.
 In today's world, there is a vast amount of computer
hardware in circulation, and many operating
systems too.
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CONT…
 Hardware compatibility can refer to the
compatibility of computer hardware components
with a particular CPU architecture, bus,
motherboard or operating system.
 Hardware that is compatible may not always run at
its highest stated performance, but it can work
with legacy components.
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CONT…
 An example is RAM chips, some of which can run at
a lower (or sometimes higher) clock rate than rated.
Hardware that was designed for one
operating system may not work for another, if
device or kernel drivers are unavailable.
 For example, much of the hardware for Mac OS
X is proprietary hardware [1] with drivers
unavailable for use in operating systems such as
Linux.
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INSTALLING WINDOWS SERVER 2003
Preplanning and Preparing a Server Installation
 Before you begin the actual installation of Windows
Server 2003, you must make several decisions.
 How well you plan these steps will determine how
successful your installation is.
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CONT…
Verifying Minimum Hardware Requirements
 The first step of the installation is verifying that your hardware
meets the system requirements. although there is a minimum
requirement for the CPU and RAM, there is also a recommended
CPU and RAM configuration. For the sake of performance we
have to use recommended.
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Requirement Standard
Server
Enterprise Server
Minimum CPU speed 133MHz 133MHz for x86-based computers
733MHz for Itanium-based
computers
Recommended CPU
speed
550MHz 733MHz
Minimum RAM 128MB 128MB
Maximum RAM 4GB 32GB
Multiprocessor support Up to 4 Up to 8
Disk space 1.5GB 1.5GB

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GATHERING THE INFORMATION
NECESSARY TO PROCEED
 During the installation of Windows Server 2003, you
will have to tell the Setup Wizard how you want your
server configured.
 The wizard will take the information you provide and will
configure the server settings to meet your specifications.
 Taking the time to gather the information described in
the following sections before starting your installation
will likely make your installation go faster and easier.
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CONT….
Selecting the Computer Name
 Each computer on a network must have a name that is
unique within that network. Many companies have a
standard naming convention for their servers and
workstations.
Name of the Workgroup or Domain
 During the server installation, the Setup Wizard will ask
for the name of the workgroup or domain that the server
will be joining. You can either enter the name of an
existing organizational structure or enter a new name,
creating a new workgroup or domain.
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CONT…
Network Protocol and IP Address of the Server
 When installing Windows Server 2003, you must install and
configure a network protocol that will allow it to communicate
with other machines on the network. Currently, the most
commonly used protocol is called TCP/IP, which stands for
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. This protocol
allows computers throughout the Internet to communicate.
After you install the TCP/IP protocol, you need to configure an
IP address for the server
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CHOOSE AN INSTALLATION METHOD
1. Attended installation
2. Unattended installation
3. Other installation options
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CONT…
1. Attended Installation:- An attended installation requires a
user’s continuous involvement during the installation process.
This installation method requires the least amount of
preparation.
Note:- Attended installations are time consuming.
2. Unattended Installation:- An unattended installation does
not require constant user involvement during the installation
process. The installation can be initiated by pre-configuring an
answer file called unattend.txt. Unattend.txt file contains all
the necessary settings and options that are selected and
entered during an attended installation.
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CONT…
Unattended installations are beneficial:
 When the operating system is to be installed on several
similar servers.
 For deploying/organizing a large number of client
operating systems such as Windows XP or Windows 2000
Professional.
 Unattended installation requires a lot of planning; it may
be essential to run through at least one attended
installation to ensure that all the settings and options
entered in the answer file are accurate.
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CONT…
3. Other Installation Options
3.1. Network installation
3.2. Imaged installation
3.1. Network Installation
 For installing Windows Server 2003 on computers connected to
an existing network:
 Copy the I386 directory from the installation CD to a shared
folder on the network.
 Copy files, such as answer files and device drivers, to the same
folder.
 Map the folder to a drive letter on the machine where the
operating system is to be installed.
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CONT…
3.3. Imaged Installation
 Imaged installation is useful when Windows Server
2003 needs to be set up on several identical
computers.
 Disk image is used to perform imaged installations.
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MAKE PRE-INSTALLATION DECISIONS
(QUESTION?)
1. Partitioning
2. File system
3. Licensing
4. Server name
5. Initial password
6. Network settings
7. Upgrade or clean installation
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INSTALL WINDOWS SERVER 2003
Step 1: Correct your Boot Sequence by Entering in the
BIOS Setup
Step 2: Insert your CD /DVD in your Drive and start
your Computer from CD/DVD and Press Any Key
from the keyboard when the message is appeared
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After Press Any Key from the keyboard this message is
appeared

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STEP 3:PRESS ENTER TO INSTALL WINDOWS SERVER 2003
AFTER THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION IS DISPLAYED ON YOUR
SCREEN
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STEP 4: PRESS F8 FROM THE KEYBOARD TO
ACCEPT THE LICENCE AGREEMENT
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STEP 5:SELECT A PARTITION IF IT IS CREATED IF NOT
PLEASE CREATE THE PARTITION BY READING THE
INSTRUCTION
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STEP 6: SELECT THE FILE SYSTEM OF THE
PARTITION(NTFS/FAT)
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STEP 7: PRESS ENTER TO START UP THE SETUP OF
THE WINDOWS
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AND FINALLY YOUR COMPUTER WILL RESTART AFTER
THE FOLLOWING PROGRESS(YOU CAN PRESS ENTER
TO RESTART WITHOUT FINISHING THIS PROGRESS
,DOING THIS HAVE NOT ANY PROBLEM)

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AFTER RESTART YOUR COMPUTER WILL BOOT WITH
THE FOLLOWING DISPLAY

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LOGON TO WINDOWS

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LO3: CONFIGURE AND TEST SERVER
Objective: At the end of this the student should be
able to know the following contents
 Configure server as required by technical
requirements.
 Define scope and applicability of the testing
against technical requirements.
 Develop Test plan with reference to resources
and network impact.
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DIRECTORY SERVICE
What is Directory Service?
 A Directory Service is a software application that stores
and organizes information about the network users and
resources.
 The Directory Service allows the network administrators
to manage the user’s access to the resources.
 The Directory acts as a central point of control and
management of the network operating system.
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CONT…
Main advantages of Directory Services are
 Directory Services help in Simplifying management: By acting as
a single point of management, a directory can ease the
administrative tasks associated with complex networks.
 Directory Services provide higher level of security. Directories
offer a single logon facility and they provide more secure
authentication process.
 Directory Services allow interoperability: Most of Directory
Services available today are based upon industry standards This
allows sharing of resources in a heterogeneous environment.
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CONT…
 Directory Services software application store data in its
own database. Following are the important data
which are kept in Directory Services database.
 User Account Information (Login name, Password, Restrictions).
 User Personal Information (Phone number, Address, Employee
ID).
 Peripheral Configuration Information (Printers, Modem, Fax).
 Application Configuration (Desktop Preference, Default
Directories).
 Security Information.
 Network Structure.
 Network Infrastructure Configuration.
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CONFIGURING ACTIVE DIRECTORY AND DNS
What is Active Directory?
 Active Directory is the directory service for the Microsoft
Windows 2003 network operating system.
 Active Directory consists of both a database and a
service.
 Active Directory is a database of information about
resources on the network, such as computers, users,
shared folders, and printers.
 It is also a service that makes this information available
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CONT….
 Active Directory® is the Microsoft's implementation of
Directory Services its purpose is to store information
about users, resources, and other network components,
and to provide that information according to access
permissions of the entity who is requesting it.
 Active Directory (AD) is meant for use in Microsoft
Windows network environments and it provides central
authentication and authorization services for Windows-
based computers.
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CONT….
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CONT…
 Before we configure Active Directory, let's
start with the following core components of
the Active Directory service in details.
 Domains
 Forests
 Domain Controllers
 Organizational units
 Tree
 Trust
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DOMAIN
 A Domain is a logical grouping of users, computers, and
resources that makes up a security and administrative
boundary.
 It is not a physical entity and doesn’t identify the actual
network topology or physical location of the network, but it
provides a way to secure and organize objects.
 For example, Microsoft.com and Amazon.com are domains
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FOREST
 Defines a collection of one or more domains that share a
common schema, configuration, and global catalog.
 Is a collection of trees that do not share a contiguous DNS
naming structure.
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SCHEMA & CONFIGURATION
Schema
 Is the configuration information that governs the
structure and content of the directory
Configuration
 Configuration defines the logical structure of a
forest, such as the number and configuration of
sites in the forest.
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GLOBAL CATALOG
 It contains information about all objects in the forest and, in
particular, where to find them. Global catalogs also contain
membership information for universal groups.
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DOMAIN CONTROLLER
 A domain controller manages information in the Active
Directory database and enables users to log on to the
domain, be authenticated for accessing resources in the
domain, and search the directory for information about
users and network resources.
 Domain controllers act as the central security
component of a domain.
 All security and account validation is performed by a
domain controller.
 Every domain must have at least one domain controller.
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ORGANIZATIONAL UNIT
 Organizational Unit (OU) is a special container of Active
Directory, which is used to organize Active Director objects
within a domain into administrative groups or simply an
organizational unit (OU) is a logical group of Active Directory
objects. An OU can contain objects like user accounts, groups,
computers, printers, file shares, and other OUs from the same
domain.
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CONT….
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TREE
 An Active Directory tree is a collection of Active
Directory domains that begins at a single root and
branches out into peripheral, child domains. Domains in
an Active Directory tree share the same namespace.
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TRUST
 Active Directory Trust relationship is a logical link
which allows a domain to access another domain, or a
forest to access another forest. Trusts which are created
automatically are called as implicit Trusts and the
trusts which are created manually are called as
Explicit Trusts.
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CONT…
 The following are the characteristics of
Windows 2003 Trusts.
 Active Directory Trusts can be created manually
(explicitly) or automatically (implicitly).
 Active Directory Trusts can be either transitive or non
transitive. A transitive trust extends the trust
relationships with other domains and a no transitive does
not allow the trust to flow to any other domains in the
forest.
 Active Directory Trusts can be one-way or two-way.
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TYPES OF TRUST
1. Parent-child Trust:
2. Tree-root Trust:
3. Shortcut Trust:
4. External Trust:
5. Realm Trust:
6. Forest Trust:
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CONT….
 Parent-child Trust: Parent-child Trust is an
completely established, two-way, transitive trust
when you add a new child domain to a tree.
 Tree-root Trust: Tree-root Trust is an completely
established, two-way, transitive trust when you
add a new tree root domain to a forest.
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CONT…
 Shortcut Trust: Shortcut Trust is an clearly created,
transitive trust between two domains in a forest to improve
user logon times. Shortcut Trust will make a trust path
shorter between two domains in the same forest. The
Shortcut Trust can be one-way or two-way.
 External Trust: External Trust is explicitly created, non-
transitive trust between Windows Server 2003 domains
that are in different forests or between a Windows Server
2003 domain and Windows NT 4 domain. The External
Trust can be one-way or two-way.
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CONT….
 Realm Trust: Realm Trust is explicitly created transitive or
non-transitive trust between a non Windows Kerberos
realm and a Windows Server 2003 domain. This trust helps
to create trust relationship between Windows Server 2003
domain and any Kerberos version 5 realm. The Realm
Trust can be and one-way or two-way.
 Forest Trust: Forest Trust is explicitly transitive (between
two forests) created trust between two forest root domains.
The Forest Trust can be one-way or two-way.
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PRE REQUEST TO INSTALL ACTIVE
DIRECTORY
 Install Network Driver
 Give IP address to server computer
 Check file NTFS or Not…
 Give password to server computer
 Established Network Between server computer
and client computer or connect network cable
b/n client and server computer
 Insert windows server 2003 sp2 or sp3 CD/DVD
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OPERATION SHEET
Install Active Directory (Operation Sheet)
 To install Active Directory on Windows Server 2003
 Click Start, click Run, type dcpromo, and then click OK.
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CONT…
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1. On the first page of the Active Directory Installation Wizard, click
Next.

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CONT…
 On the next page of the Active Directory Installation Wizard, click
Next
90

91
 On the Domain Controller Type page, click Domain Controller for a
new domain, and then click Next
CONT…

92
 On the Create New Domain page, click Domain in a new forest, and then
click Next
CONT…

93
 On the New Domain Name page, in the Full DNS name for new domain box, type
corp.contoso.com, and then click Next
CONT…

94
CONT…
Accept the domain NETBIOS name.
(NetBIOS names provides for down-level compatibility.)

95
CONT…
Note:
If your AD has been planned and the growth factor has been taken into account I
would recommend to plan these locations right from the beginning. Logs and
database should be on a different partition. This will improve performance

96
Type a password (record this password part of your secure server documentation)
click next.
Note: This password does not need to be the same as your domain administrator
password. To read more regarding this topic click on the "AD help link" on the same
window
CONT…

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MANAGING USERS AND GROUPS
 You have to create user accounts on each server when someone
joins your organization and remove those accounts when someone
leaves.
 Users have to provide a user name and password each time
someone accesses resources on a different server. When it’s time
to change users’ passwords, users must do so on each server
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INTRODUCTION TO THE USER ACCOUNT
 A user Account provides a user with the ability to log
on to the domain to gain access to network resources or
to log on to a computer to gain access to resource on
that computer
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Types of User Account
1. Local user accounts
2. Domain user accounts
3. Built-in user account
100
CONT…

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1. LOCAL USER ACCOUNTS
 Is an account that allows users to log on at and gain
access to resource on only the computer where you create
the local user account
 Do not create local user account on computer that
require access to Domain resources, because the domain
does not recognize local user account properties or assign
access permissions for domain resources unless he or she
connects to the local computer using the Action menu on
the computer management console
101

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USE OF LOCAL USER ACCOUNTS
 Provide access to resources on the local computer
 Are created in the local security database
102
Similarly certain built in local groups are:
Administrators,
Users, Guests, and
Backup operators.

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2. DOMAIN USER ACCOUNTS
 Domain user accounts allow users to log on to the domain
and gain access to resources anywhere on the network.
The user provides his or her user name and password
during the logon process.
 You create a domain user account in a container or an
organizational unit(OU)in the copy of the active Directory
Database(called the Directory) on a domain controller
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USE OF DOMAIN USER ACCOUNTS
 Provide access to network resources
 Provide the access token for authentication
 Are created in Active Directory on a domain controller
104
The example of certain built in domain groups are:
Account Operators,
Administrators,
Backup Operators,
Network Configuration Operators,
Performance Monitor Users, and
Users.

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3. BUILT-IN USER ACCOUNTS
 Is an account which is created automatically
creates accounts called built-in accounts.
 Two commonly used built-in accounts are
Administrator and Guest
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USER PROFILES
 The system creates a user profile the first time that a
user logs on to a computer.
 At following logons, the system loads the user's profile,
and then other system components configure the user's
environment according to the information in the profile.
106

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TYPES OF USER PROFILES
1. Local User Profiles
2. Roaming User Profiles
3. Mandatory User Profiles
4. Temporary User Profiles
107

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1. LOCAL USER PROFILES
 A local user profile is created the first time that a
user logs on to a computer.
 The profile is stored on the computer's local hard
disk.
 Changes made to the local user profile are specific
to the user and to the computer on which the
changes are made.
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2. ROAMING USER PROFILES
 A roaming user profile is a copy of the local profile
that is copied to, and stored on, a server share.
 This profile is downloaded to any computer that a
user logs onto on a network. Changes made to a
roaming user profile are synchronized with the
server copy of the profile when the user logs off.
 The advantage of roaming user profiles is that
users do not need to create a profile on each
computer they use on a network.
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3. MANDATORY USER PROFILES
 A mandatory user profile is a type of profile that
administrators can use to specify settings for users.
 Only system administrators can make changes to
mandatory user profiles. Changes made by users to
desktop settings are lost when the user logs off.
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4. TEMPORARY USER PROFILES
 A temporary profile is issued each time that an
error condition prevents the user's profile from
loading. Temporary profiles are deleted at the end
of each session, and changes made by the user to
desktop settings and files are lost when the user
logs off. Temporary profiles are only available on
computers running Windows 2000 and later.
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DYNAMIC HOST CONFIGURATION OF
PROTOCOL (DHCP)
 DHCP needs to be assign IP dynamically for
client by server computer.
Advantage
 To be absence repeated of Address or host
number as well as need to ordered users
112

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113

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HOW TO TEST DHCP
 To test this, Windows Server 2008 DHCP server. To
be safe, I have no other devices on this network
segment.
 I did an IPCONFIG /RELEASE then an
IPCONFIG /RENEW and verified that I received
an IP address from the new DHCP server, as you
can see below:
114

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CONT….
115

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CONT…
116

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FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP)
 Is a standard network protocol used to transfer computer files from one
host to another host over a TCP-based network, such as the Internet.
 Is a protocol for exchanging files over the Internet. FTP uses the Internet's
TCP/IP protocols to enable data transfer.
 A member of the TCP/IP suite of protocols, used to copy files between two
computers on the Internet. Both computers must support their respective
FTP roles: one must be an FTP client and the other an FTP server.
 FTP is most commonly used to download a file from a server using the
Internet or to upload a file to a server.
 It use 21 port number throughout internet.
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WEB SERVER(IIS)
 Is a member server which helps as to manage and control the file
which is created by HTML, XHTML ASP language with the given
specific port number 80 with the given protocol (HTTP/HTTPS).
 Web servers a computer that is maintained by a system administrator or
internet service provider (ISP) and that responds to requests from a
user's browser.
 Provide information to user on the internet
 Distribute application to user over the internet instead of through
physical media, such as CD, flash disk, floppy disk and other external
memory.
118

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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FTP&WEB
119
 Web server is just a server
that hosts web pages.
 Uses HTTP (Hypertext
Transfer Protocol )
HTTPS(secured) which is a
set of rules used to control
how multimedia, code and
text based files are give up
via web browsers served
from a local or remote web
servers.
 Used 80 port number.
 FTP stands for File Transfer
Protocol. This creates a
connection between computers
to allow uploading and
downloading of files.
 Use TCP /IP protocol which
help to send and receive simple
files.
 Once connected you can
browse through the files in your
FTP client and basically drag
and drop them to your side.
 Use 21 port number.
WEB Server FTP Server

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CONT..
12
0
 HTTP is a protocol used by the
World Wide Web that allows
the transfer of files from a web
server to a user’s web browser
for viewing web pages on the
Internet.
 HTTP transfers only web page
content to the browser so as to
view it. The transferred file is
not saved in the memory space.
HTTP does not require a
password and user name to
access the server to transfer
files.
 While the FTP protocol is
used to transfer files from a
computer to and from an
FTP server. FTP facilitates
the transfer of files from one
computer to another.
 FTP, on the other hand,
transfers the whole file to the
another computer, and the
file is saved in memory.

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CONT..
12
1
 HTTP is faster and more efficient
for transferring smaller files.
HTTP is able to use a single
connection to transfer multiple
files,
 HTTP only transfers the contents
of a web page into a browser for
viewing.
 HTTP is a one-way system as files
are transported only from the
server onto the workstation’s
browser. The files are transferred
but not downloaded, therefore not
copied into the memory of the
receiving device.
 Whereas the FTP protocol
requires authentication.
 While FTP is faster and more
efficient in transferring larger
files.
 While FTP requires a new
connection to be created with
each file transfer.
 FTP is a two-way system as
files are transferred back and
forth between server and
workstation

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DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM (DNS)
 Domain Name System (DNS) is a naming system based
on a distributed database used in Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) networks to
translate computer names to Internet Protocol (IP)
addresses.
 DNS is most commonly associated with the Internet.
However, private networks use DNS extensively to
resolve computer names and to locate computers
within their local networks and the Internet.
122
Maryhelpcollege.com TO 192.168.11.1

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DNS PROVIDES THE FOLLOWING BENEFITS:
 DNS names are user-friendly, which means that
they are easier to remember than IP addresses.
 DNS names remain more constant than IP
addresses. An IP address for a server can change,
but the server name remains the same.
 DNS allows users to connect to local servers using
the same naming convention as the Internet.
 Generally DNS is used for translating host
names to IP addresses and the reverse.
123

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PRINT SERVER
 It is a server that use to centralize printing job. It helps
network administrator control who can and to specify it
availability time in that network which save printer resource
and cost.
 Print servers can be used to save costs by utilizing one
printing device for multiple workstations as opposed to
individual printers.
124

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CONT…
 A print server, or printer server, is a device that
connects printers to server computers over a network. It
accepts print jobs from all client computers and sends the jobs
to the appropriate printers.
 A print server may be a networked computer with one or more
shared printers. Alternatively a print server may be a
dedicated device on the network, with connections to the
LAN and one or more printers.
125

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Advantage and Disadvantage of shared printer
: users can not move from place to place to find
printer and to printer their document.
: save cost that incurred to buy printer for each
user of the company which need to have printer.
administrator to control the printer and simple to
upgrade the networked printer.
 Some times it is disadvantageous because proprietary
commands are not usable Restricts user fr.om using printer
personally.
 May have data traffic.
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It is a server option which helps us to take a backup of the
whole computer information or a single drive. File server also
used to take backup but it takes only shared folders file.
We can take a backup of our data in to two ways
 Whole computer information backup
 Single drive backup
We do not need to install the backup server, we use through
accessory of server computer or client computer.
127

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CONT….
 Is a feature helps us to make a backup or a copy of
the original document for the safety of the original
data.
 Helps us to protect our operating system, volume,
files, and application data and data can be saved
to single or multiple disks, DVD, removable media,
or remote shared folders. They can be schedule to
run automatically or manually.
128

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INSTALL DNS ON WINDOWS SERVER 2003
 When the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
window comes up, enter an IP address ,
subnet mask and default gateway IP
addresses that are all compatible with
your LAN.
 Our LAN is on a 192.168.1.0/24 network,
so our settings are as follows:
130
Before installing and configuring DNS on our server we have to perform
some preliminary tasks. Specifically, we have to configure the server with
a static IP address and a DNS suffix. The suffix will be used to fully-
qualify the server name. To begin:

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CONT…
 3. For the Preferred DNS Server , enter the loopback address 127.0.0.1 . This
tells the server to use its own DNS server service for name resolution, rather
than using a separate server. After filling out those fields , click the Advanced
button.
 4. When the Advanced TCP/IP Settings window comes up, click the DNS tab,
enter firewall.test on the DNS suffix for this connection text field, check
Register this connection's address in DNS , check Use this connection's
DNS suffix in DNS registration , and click OK , OK , and then Close
131

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CONT..
 Now that we have configured our server with a static IP
address and a DNS suffix, we are ready to install DNS. To
do this:
1. Go to Start > Control Panel > Add or Remove Programs .
2. When the Add or Remove Program window launches, click
Add/Remove Windows Components on the left pane.
3. When the Windows Components Wizard comes up, scroll down
and highlight Networking Services and then click the Details
button.
4. When the Networking Services window comes up, place a check
mark next to Domain Name System (DNS) and click OK and
OK again.
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133

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CONT…
 Note that, during the install, Windows may generate
an error maintaining that it could not find a file
needed for DNS installation. If this happens, insert
your Windows Server 2003 CD into the server's
CD-ROM drive and browse to the i386 directory.
The wizard should automatically find the file and
allow you to select it. After that, the wizard should
resume the install.
134

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CONT…
 After this, DNS should be successfully installed. To launch
the DNS MMC, go to Start > Administrative Tools > DNS
135

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CONT…
 On the left pane of the DNS MMC, there is a server
node with three nodes below it, titled Forward
Lookup Zones, Reverse Lookup Zones and Event
Viewer.
 The Forward Lookup Zones node stores zones that are
used to map host names to IP addresses, whereas the
Reverse Lookup Zones node stores zones that are used
to map IP addresses to host names.
136

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SETTING UP A CACHE-ONLY DNS SERVER
 A cache-only DNS server contains no zones or
resource records. Its only function is to cache
answers to queries that it processes, that way if the
server receives the same query again later, rather
than go through the recursion process again to
answer the query, the cache-only DNS server would
just return the cached response, thereby saving time.
 With that said, our newly installed DNS server is
already a cache-only DNS server!
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CREATING A PRIMARY FORWARD LOOKUP ZONE
 With its limited functionality, a cache-only DNS server is
best suited for a small office environment or a small
remote branch office. However, in a large enterprise where
Active Directory is typically deployed, more features
would be needed from a DNS server, such as the ability to
store records for computers, servers and Active Directory.
The DNS server stores those records in a database, or a
zone .
 DNS has a few different types of zones, and each has a
different function. We will first create a primary forward
lookup zone titled firewall.test . We do not want to name it
firewall.cx , or any variation that uses a valid top-level
domain name, as this would potentially disrupt the
clients' abilities to access the real websites for those
domains. 138

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STEPS TO CREATE FORWARD LOOKUP ZONES
1. On the DNS MMC, right-click the Forward Lookup
Zones node and choose New Zone .
2. When the New Zone Wizard comes up, click Next .
3. On the Zone Type screen, make sure that Primary zone
is selected and click Next .
4. On the Zone Name screen, type firewall.test .
5. On the Zone File screen, click Next .
6. On the Dynamic Update screen, make sure that “ Do not
allow dynamic updates ” is selected and click Next .
7. On the next screen, click Finish .
We now have a foundation that we can place resource records
in for name resolution by internal clients.
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CREATING A PRIMARY REVERSE LOOKUP ZONE
 Different to the forward lookup zone, a reverse
lookup zone is used by the DNS server to resolve IP
addresses to host names. Not as frequently used as
forward lookup zones, reverse lookup zones are often
used by anti-spam systems in countering spam and
by monitoring systems when logging events or issues.
To create a reverse lookup zone:
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STEPS TO CREATING A PRIMARY REVERSE LOOKUP ZONE
1. On the DNS MMC, right-click the Reverse
Lookup Zones node and choose New Zone .
2. When the New Zone Wizard comes up, click Next .
3. On the Zone Type screen, make sure that Primary
zone is selected and click Next .
4. On the Reverse Lookup Zone Name screen, enter
192.168.1 and click Next .
5. On the Zone File screen, click Next .
6. On the Dynamic Update screen, make sure that “Do
not allow dynamic updates” is selected and click
Next .
7. On the next screen, click Finish .
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CONT…
142

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143
Exercise 1: Installing and Configuring the DNS
Service
1. Open the Configure Your Server Wizard by selecting
Start _ Administrative Tools _ Configure Your Server.
2. Click Next to dismiss the Welcome screen and click
Next again to dismiss the Preliminary Steps screen.
3. Click the DNS Server item in the Server Role list and
click Next to continue.
4. Click Next on the Summary page to complete the
DNS installation.
5. The Configure A DNS Sever Wizard automatically
appears. Click Next to dismiss the Welcome screen.
6. Select the Create Forward And Reverse Lookup
Zones radio button and click Next to
continue. If you want to create a caching-only server,
you can select the Configure Root Hints Only option.

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144
8. If not already selected, select the Primary Zone option
and the Store The Zone In Active Directory option. Click
Next when you are ready.
9. Enter sybex.com in the Zone Name field and click Next
to continue.
10. Select the Allow Only Secure Dynamic Updates radio
button and click Next.
11. If not already selected, select No, Don’t Create A
Reverse Lookup Zone Now and click Next to continue.
12. If not already selected, select the No, It Should Not
Forward Queries radio button and click Next to continue
13. Click Finish to end the wizard. The Configure Your
Server wizard reappears and in forms you that the DNS
service was successfully installed. Click the Finish
button.

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145

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