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Objectives of Negotiation
Quality
Fair and Reasonable Price
On-time Performance
Control
Cooperation
Supplier Relationship Management
When to Negotiate
Supply Management’s Role in Negotiation
The Supply Management Professional Acting Alone
The Supply Management Professional as the Negotiating Team Leader
The Negotiation Process
Preparation
Establishing Objectives
Identify the Desired Type of Relationship
Three Powerful Preparation Activities
Face-to-Face Discussions
Fact Finding
Recess
Narrowing the Differences
Hard Bargaining
Techniques
Universally Applicable Techniques
Transactional Techniques
Collaborative and Alliance Negotiating Techniques
The Debriefing: An Incredible Learning Opportunity
Documentation
Online Negotiation
Negotiating for Price
Price Analysis Negotiation
Cost Analysis Negotiation
Characteristics of a Successful Negotiator
Test bank-for-international-marketing-15th-edition-by-cateora-downloaddomabermta
Product Details
Language: English
ISBN-10: 007352994X
ISBN-13: 978-0073529943
ISBN-13: 9780073529943
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Download International Marketing 15th Edition by Cateora
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International Marketing 15th Edition test bank
International Marketing 14th Edition Cateora Test BankIllanaIllana
Full download : http://alibabadownload.com/product/international-marketing-14th-edition-cateora-test-bank/ International Marketing 14th Edition Cateora Test Bank
Objectives of Negotiation
Quality
Fair and Reasonable Price
On-time Performance
Control
Cooperation
Supplier Relationship Management
When to Negotiate
Supply Management’s Role in Negotiation
The Supply Management Professional Acting Alone
The Supply Management Professional as the Negotiating Team Leader
The Negotiation Process
Preparation
Establishing Objectives
Identify the Desired Type of Relationship
Three Powerful Preparation Activities
Face-to-Face Discussions
Fact Finding
Recess
Narrowing the Differences
Hard Bargaining
Techniques
Universally Applicable Techniques
Transactional Techniques
Collaborative and Alliance Negotiating Techniques
The Debriefing: An Incredible Learning Opportunity
Documentation
Online Negotiation
Negotiating for Price
Price Analysis Negotiation
Cost Analysis Negotiation
Characteristics of a Successful Negotiator
Test bank-for-international-marketing-15th-edition-by-cateora-downloaddomabermta
Product Details
Language: English
ISBN-10: 007352994X
ISBN-13: 978-0073529943
ISBN-13: 9780073529943
Relate keyword
Download International Marketing 15th Edition by Cateora
International Marketing 15th Edition free download
Ebook International Marketing 15th Edition
Instant download International Marketing 15th Edition answer
Test Bank International Marketing 15th Edition download pdf
International Marketing 15th Edition test bank
TEST BANK For Essentials of Negotiation, 7th Edition by Roy Lewicki, Bruce Ba...robinsonayot
TEST BANK For Essentials of Negotiation, 7th Edition by Roy Lewicki, Bruce Barry, Verified Chapters 1 - 12, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK For Essentials of Negotiation, 7th Edition by Roy Lewicki, Bruce Barry, Verified Chapters 1 - 12, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK For Essentials of Negotiation, 7th Edition by Roy Lewicki, Bruce Ba...robinsonayot
TEST BANK For Essentials of Negotiation, 7th Edition by Roy Lewicki, Bruce Barry, Verified Chapters 1 - 12, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK For Essentials of Negotiation, 7th Edition by Roy Lewicki, Bruce Barry, Verified Chapters 1 - 12, Complete Newest Version.pdf
This document contains a brief summary about a course given on www.coursera.com about "essentials of negotiation skills" by professor Georges Siedel, Williamson Family Professor of Business Administration and Thurnau Professor of Business LawUniversity of Michigan. All rights reserved to the owner of the course.
Training Slides of Negotiation & Conflict Management in Organization, discussing the importance of Negotiation Skills.
Some Key-Points:
- Stages of Negotiation
- Approaches to Negotiation
- The Five Communication Styles
For further information regarding the course, please contact:
info@asia-masters.com
Training Slides of Advanced Negotiation Communication & Presentation Skills , discussing the importance of Negotiation Skills.
For further information regarding the course, please contact:
info@asia-masters.com
www.asia-masters.com
For more course tutorials visit
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1.
Thomas proposed that what two personality dimensions can represent the levels of concern underlying the five conflict management styles?
The degree of aggressiveness and the degree of cooperativeness
The degree of assertiveness and the degree or competitiveness
The degree of aggressiveness and the degree of competitiveness
The degree of assertiveness and the degree of cooperativeness
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
1.
Thomas proposed that what two personality dimensions can represent the levels of concern underlying the five conflict management styles?
The degree of aggressiveness and the degree of cooperativeness
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
Negotiation 6th Edition Lewicki Test Bank
1. 001 Chapter 1 The Nature of Negotiation
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. People __________ all the time.
________________________________________
2. The term __________ is used to describe the competitive, win-lose situations such as haggling
over price that happens at yard sale, flea market, or used car lot
________________________________________
3. Negotiating parties always negotiate by __________.
________________________________________
4. There are times when you should _________ negotiate.
________________________________________
5. Successful negotiation involves the management of __________ (e.g., the price or the terms of
agreement) and also the resolution of __________.
________________________________________
6. Independent parties are able to meet their own __________ without the help and assistance of
others.
________________________________________
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2. 7. The mix of convergent and conflicting goals characterizes many __________ relationships.
________________________________________
8. The __________ of people's goals, and the __________ of the situation in which they are going to
negotiate, strongly shapes negotiation processes and outcomes.
________________________________________
9. Whether you should or should not agree on something in a negotiation depends entirely upon the
attractiveness to you of the best available _________.
________________________________________
10. When parties are interdependent, they have to find a way to __________ their differences.
________________________________________
11. Negotiation is a __________ that transforms over time.
________________________________________
12. Negotiations often begin with statements of opening __________.
________________________________________
13. When one party accepts a change in his or her position, a __________ has been made.
________________________________________
3. 14. Two of the dilemmas in mutual adjustment that all negotiators face are the dilemma of __________
and the dilemma of __________.
________________________________________
15. Most actual negotiations are a combination of claiming and __________ value processes.
________________________________________
16. __________ is analyzed as it affects the ability of the group to make decisions, work productively,
resolve its differences, and continue to achieve its goals effectively.
________________________________________
17. Most people initially believe that __________ is always bad.
________________________________________
18. The objective is not to eliminate conflict but to learn how to manage it to control the __________
elements while enjoying the productive aspects.
________________________________________
19. The two-dimensional framework called the __________ __________ __________ postulates that
people in conflict have two independent types of concern.
________________________________________
20. Parties who employ the __________ strategy maintain their own aspirations and try to persuade
the other party to yield.
________________________________________
4. 21. Negotiation is a process reserved only for the skilled diplomat, top salesperson, or ardent
advocate for an organized lobby
True False
22. Many of the most important factors that shape a negotiation result do not occur during the
negotiation, but occur after the parties have negotiated.
True False
23. Negotiation situations have fundamentally the same characteristics,
True False
24. A creative negotiation that meets the objectives of all sides may not require compromise.
True False
25. The parties prefer to negotiate and search for agreement rather than to fight openly, have one
side dominate and the other capitulate, permanently break off contact, or take their dispute to a
higher authority to resolve it
True False
26. It is possible to ignore intangibles, because they affect our judgment about what is fair, or right, or
appropriate in the resolution of the tangibles.
True False
5. 27. In any industry in which repeat business is done with the same parties, there is always a balance
between pushing the limit on any particular negotiation and making sure the other party—and
your relationship with him—survives intact.
True False
28. When the goals of two or more people are interconnected so that only one can achieve the
goal—such as running a race in which there will be only one winner—this is a competitive
situation, also known as a non-zero-sum or distributive situation
True False
29. Remember that every possible interdependency has an alternative; negotiators can always say
"no" and walk away.
True False
30. A zero-sum situation is a situation in which individuals are so linked together that there is a
positive correlation between their goal attainments.
True False
31. The value of a person's BATNA is always relative to the possible settlements available in the
current negotiation, and the possibilities within a given negotiation are heavily influenced by the
nature of the interdependence between the parties.
True False
32. The effective negotiator needs to understand how people will adjust and readjust, and how the
negotiations might twist and turn, based on one's own moves and the others' responses.
True False
6. 33. The pattern of give-and-take in negotiation is a characteristic exclusive to formal negotiations.
True False
34. In contrast, non-zero-sum or integrative or mutual gains situations are ones where many people
can achieve their goals and objectives.
True False
35. Negotiators do not have to be versatile in their comfort and use of both major strategic
approaches to be successful.
True False
36. Differences in time preferences have the potential to create value in a negotiation.
True False
37. Conflict doesn't usually occur when the two parties are working toward the same goal and
generally want the same outcome.
True False
38. Intragroup conflict occurs between groups.
True False
39. Negotiation is a strategy for productively managing conflict.
True False
7. 40. The dual concerns model has two dimensions: the vertical dimension is often referred to as the
cooperativeness dimension, and the horizontal dimension as the assertiveness dimension.
True False
41. Which perspective can be used to understand different aspects of negotiation?
A. economics
B. psychology
C. anthropology
D. law
E. All of the above perspectives can be used to understand different aspects of negotiation.
42. To most people the words "bargaining" and "negotiation" are
A. mutually exclusive.
B. interchangeable.
C. not related.
D. Interdependent.
E. None of the above.
43. A situation in which solutions exist so that both parties are trying to find a mutually acceptable
solution to a complex conflict is a __________ situation.
A. mutual gains
B. win-lose
C. zero-sum
D. win-win
E. None of the above.
8. 44. Which is not a characteristic of a negotiation or bargaining situation?
A. conflict between parties
B. two or more parties involved
C. an established set of rules
D. a voluntary process
E. None of the above is characteristics of a negotiation.
45. Tangible factors
A. include the price and terms of agreement.
B. are psychological motivations that influence the negotiations.
C. include the need to look good in negotiations.
D. cannot be measured in quantifiable terms.
E. None of the above statements describe tangible factors.
46. Which of the following is not an intangible factor in a negotiation?
A. the need to look good
B. final agreed price on a contract
C. the desire to book more business
D. fear of setting a precedent
E. All of the above are intangible factors.
9. 47. Interdependent parties' relationships are characterized by
A. interlocking goals.
B. solitary decision making.
C. established procedures.
D. rigid structures.
E. Interdependent relationships are characterized by all of the above.
48. A zero-sum situation is also known as a _________ situation.
A. integrative
B. distributive
C. win-lose
D. negotiative
E. None of the above.
49. BATNA stands for
A. best alternative to a negotiated agreement.
B. best assignment to a negotiated agreement.
C. best alternative to a negative agreement.
D. best alternative to a negative assignment.
E. BATNA stands for none of the above.
10. 50. What are the two dilemmas of negotiation?
A. the dilemma of cost and the dilemma of profit margin
B. the dilemma of honesty and the dilemma of profit margin
C. the dilemma of trust and the dilemma of cost
D. the dilemma of honesty and the dilemma of trust
E. None of the above.
51. How much to believe of what the other party tells you
A. depends on the reputation of the other party.
B. is affected by the circumstances of the negotiation.
C. is related to how he or she treated you in the past.
D. is the dilemma of trust.
E. All of the above.
52. Satisfaction with a negotiation is determined by
A. the process through which an agreement is reached and the dollar value of concessions made
by each party.
B. the actual outcome obtained by the negotiation as compared to the initial bargaining positions
of the negotiators.
C. the process through which an agreement is reached and by the actual outcome obtained by
the negotiation.
D. the total dollar value of concessions made by each party.
E. Satisfaction with a negotiation is determined by none of the above.
11. 53. Which of the following statements about conflict is true?
A. Conflict is the result of tangible factors.
B. Conflict can occur when two parties are working towards the same goal and generally want the
same outcome.
C. Conflict only occurs when both parties want a very different settlement.
D. Conflict has a minimal effect on interdependent relationships.
E. All of the above statements about conflict are true.
54. In intragroup conflict,
A. sources of conflict can include ideas, thoughts, emotions, values, predispositions, or drives
that are in conflict with each other.
B. conflict occurs between individual people.
C. conflict affects the ability of the group to resolve differences and continue to achieve its goals
effectively.
D. conflict is quite intricate because of the large number of people involved and possible
interactions between them.
E. None of the above describes intragroup conflict.
55. Which of the following contribute to conflict's destructive image?
A. increased communication
B. misperception and bias
C. clarifying issues
D. minimized differences; magnified similarities
E. All of the above contribute to conflict's destructive image.
12. 56. In the Dual Concerns Model, the level of concern for the individual's own outcomes and the level
of concern for the other's outcomes are referred to as the
A. cooperativeness dimension and the competitiveness dimension.
B. the assertiveness dimension and the competitiveness dimension.
C. the competitiveness dimension and the aggressiveness dimension.
D. the cooperativeness dimension and the assertiveness dimension.
E. None of the above.
57. An individual who pursues his or her own outcomes strongly and shows little concern for whether
the other party obtains his or her desired outcomes is using the _________ strategy.
A. yielding
B. compromising
C. contending
D. problem solving
E. None of the above.
58. Negotiators pursuing the yielding strategy
A. show little interest or concern in whether they attain their own outcomes, but are quite
interested in whether the other party attains his or her outcomes.
B. pursue their own outcome strongly and shows little concern for whether the other party obtains
his or her desired outcome.
C. shows little interest or concern in whether they attain their own outcomes, and does not show
much concern about whether the other party obtains his or her outcomes.
D. show high concern for attaining their own outcomes and high concern for whether the other
attains his or her outcomes.
E. Negotiators pursuing the yielding strategy demonstrate none of the above behaviors.
13. 59. Parties pursuing the __________ strategy show little interest or concern in whether they attain
their own outcomes, and do not show much concern about whether the other party obtains his or
her outcomes.
A. contending
B. compromising
C. problem solving
D. yielding
E. None of the above.
60. A situation in which solutions exist to achieve the best possible solutions so all parties involved
can do well in the negotiation is a __________ situation.
A. mutual gains
B. win-lose
C. zero-sum
D. win-win
E. None of the above.
61. What are the three reasons negotiations occur?
14. 62. Is the give-and-take process used to reach an agreement the "heart of the negotiation" as most
people assume"?
63. Why do parties negotiate by choice?
64. What are tangible and intangible factors in negotiation?
15. 65. What are the three ways that characterize most relationships between parties?
66. Define "zero-sum" situation.
67. Describe a "mutual gains" situation.
16. 68. What does BATNA stand for?
69. What role do concessions play when a proposal isn't readily accepted?
70. What are concessions?
17. 71. Describe the strategies and tactics a negotiator would employ in a distributive bargaining
situation.
72. Why should negotiators be versatile in their comfort and use of both value claiming and value
creating strategic approaches?
73. Define synergy?
18. 74. Name the four levels of conflict that are commonly identified.
75. Explain how conflict is a potential consequence of interdependent relationships.
76. How does decreased communication contribute as one of the destructive images of conflict in a
negotiation?
19. 77. Conflict also has productive aspects and one of those is that conflict encourages psychological
development. Elaborate.
78. The Dual Concerns Model is a two-dimensional framework that postulates that people in conflict
have two independent types of concern. What are those two types of concerns?
79. Where would you likely to find the concept of "yielding" on the dual concerns model?
20. 80. What are the five major strategies for conflict management (as identified in the Dual Concerns
framework)?
21. 001 Chapter 1 The Nature of Negotiation Key
1.
(p. 2)
People __________ all the time.
negotiate
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #1
2.
(p. 3)
The term __________ is used to describe the competitive, win-lose situations such as haggling
over price that happens at yard sale, flea market, or used car lot
bargaining
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #2
3.
(p. 6)
Negotiating parties always negotiate by __________.
choice
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #3
4.
(p. 7)
There are times when you should _________ negotiate.
not
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #4
5.
(p. 8)
Successful negotiation involves the management of __________ (e.g., the price or the terms of
agreement) and also the resolution of __________.
tangibles, intangibles
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #5
22. 6.
(p. 9)
Independent parties are able to meet their own __________ without the help and assistance of
others.
needs
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #6
7.
(p. 9)
The mix of convergent and conflicting goals characterizes many __________ relationships.
interdependent
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #7
8.
(p. 11)
The __________ of people's goals, and the __________ of the situation in which they are going
to negotiate, strongly shapes negotiation processes and outcomes.
interdependence, structure
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #8
9.
(p. 11)
Whether you should or should not agree on something in a negotiation depends entirely upon
the attractiveness to you of the best available _________.
alternative
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #9
10.
(p. 12)
When parties are interdependent, they have to find a way to __________ their differences.
resolve
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #10
23. 11.
(p. 12)
Negotiation is a __________ that transforms over time.
process
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #11
12.
(p. 13)
Negotiations often begin with statements of opening __________.
positions
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #12
13.
(p. 13)
When one party accepts a change in his or her position, a __________ has been made.
concession
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #13
14.
(p. 14)
Two of the dilemmas in mutual adjustment that all negotiators face are the dilemma of
__________ and the dilemma of __________.
honesty, trust
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #14
15.
(p. 16)
Most actual negotiations are a combination of claiming and __________ value processes.
creating
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #15
24. 16.
(p. 18)
__________ is analyzed as it affects the ability of the group to make decisions, work
productively, resolve its differences, and continue to achieve its goals effectively.
Intragroup conflict
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #16
17.
(p. 19)
Most people initially believe that __________ is always bad.
conflict
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #17
18.
(p. 20)
The objective is not to eliminate conflict but to learn how to manage it to control the
__________ elements while enjoying the productive aspects.
destructive
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #18
19.
(p. 22)
The two-dimensional framework called the __________ __________ __________ postulates that
people in conflict have two independent types of concern.
dual concerns model
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #19
20.
(p. 23)
Parties who employ the __________ strategy maintain their own aspirations and try to
persuade the other party to yield.
contending
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #20
25. 21.
(p. 2)
Negotiation is a process reserved only for the skilled diplomat, top salesperson, or ardent
advocate for an organized lobby
FALSE
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #21
22.
(p. 3)
Many of the most important factors that shape a negotiation result do not occur during the
negotiation, but occur after the parties have negotiated.
FALSE
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #22
23.
(p. 6)
Negotiation situations have fundamentally the same characteristics,
TRUE
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #23
24.
(p. 6, 7)
A creative negotiation that meets the objectives of all sides may not require compromise.
TRUE
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #24
25.
(p. 7)
The parties prefer to negotiate and search for agreement rather than to fight openly, have one
side dominate and the other capitulate, permanently break off contact, or take their dispute to
a higher authority to resolve it
TRUE
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #25
26. 26.
(p. 8)
It is possible to ignore intangibles, because they affect our judgment about what is fair, or
right, or appropriate in the resolution of the tangibles.
FALSE
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #26
27.
(p. 10)
In any industry in which repeat business is done with the same parties, there is always a
balance between pushing the limit on any particular negotiation and making sure the other
party—and your relationship with him—survives intact.
TRUE
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #27
28.
(p. 11)
When the goals of two or more people are interconnected so that only one can achieve the
goal—such as running a race in which there will be only one winner—this is a competitive
situation, also known as a non-zero-sum or distributive situation
FALSE
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #28
29.
(p. 11)
Remember that every possible interdependency has an alternative; negotiators can always
say "no" and walk away.
TRUE
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #29
27. 30.
(p. 11)
A zero-sum situation is a situation in which individuals are so linked together that there is a
positive correlation between their goal attainments.
FALSE
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #30
31.
(p. 11)
The value of a person's BATNA is always relative to the possible settlements available in the
current negotiation, and the possibilities within a given negotiation are heavily influenced by
the nature of the interdependence between the parties.
TRUE
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #31
32.
(p. 13)
The effective negotiator needs to understand how people will adjust and readjust, and how the
negotiations might twist and turn, based on one's own moves and the others' responses.
TRUE
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #32
33.
(p. 14)
The pattern of give-and-take in negotiation is a characteristic exclusive to formal negotiations.
FALSE
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #33
34.
(p. 15)
In contrast, non-zero-sum or integrative or mutual gains situations are ones where many
people can achieve their goals and objectives.
TRUE
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #34
28. 35.
(p. 16)
Negotiators do not have to be versatile in their comfort and use of both major strategic
approaches to be successful.
FALSE
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #35
36.
(p. 17)
Differences in time preferences have the potential to create value in a negotiation.
TRUE
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #36
37.
(p. 18)
Conflict doesn't usually occur when the two parties are working toward the same goal and
generally want the same outcome.
FALSE
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #37
38.
(p. 18)
Intragroup conflict occurs between groups.
FALSE
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #38
39.
(p. 20)
Negotiation is a strategy for productively managing conflict.
TRUE
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #39
29. 40.
(p. 22)
The dual concerns model has two dimensions: the vertical dimension is often referred to as
the cooperativeness dimension, and the horizontal dimension as the assertiveness
dimension.
TRUE
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #40
41.
(p. 3)
Which perspective can be used to understand different aspects of negotiation?
A. economics
B. psychology
C. anthropology
D. law
E. All of the above perspectives can be used to understand different aspects of negotiation.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #41
42.
(p. 3)
To most people the words "bargaining" and "negotiation" are
A. mutually exclusive.
B. interchangeable.
C. not related.
D. Interdependent.
E. None of the above.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #42
30. 43.
(p. 3)
A situation in which solutions exist so that both parties are trying to find a mutually acceptable
solution to a complex conflict is a __________ situation.
A. mutual gains
B. win-lose
C. zero-sum
D. win-win
E. None of the above.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #43
44.
(p. 6)
Which is not a characteristic of a negotiation or bargaining situation?
A. conflict between parties
B. two or more parties involved
C. an established set of rules
D. a voluntary process
E. None of the above is characteristics of a negotiation.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #44
45.
(p. 6)
Tangible factors
A. include the price and terms of agreement.
B. are psychological motivations that influence the negotiations.
C. include the need to look good in negotiations.
D. cannot be measured in quantifiable terms.
E. None of the above statements describe tangible factors.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #45
31. 46.
(p. 8)
Which of the following is not an intangible factor in a negotiation?
A. the need to look good
B. final agreed price on a contract
C. the desire to book more business
D. fear of setting a precedent
E. All of the above are intangible factors.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #46
47.
(p. 9)
Interdependent parties' relationships are characterized by
A. interlocking goals.
B. solitary decision making.
C. established procedures.
D. rigid structures.
E. Interdependent relationships are characterized by all of the above.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #47
48.
(p. 11)
A zero-sum situation is also known as a _________ situation.
A. integrative
B. distributive
C. win-lose
D. negotiative
E. None of the above.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #48
32. 49.
(p. 11)
BATNA stands for
A. best alternative to a negotiated agreement.
B. best assignment to a negotiated agreement.
C. best alternative to a negative agreement.
D. best alternative to a negative assignment.
E. BATNA stands for none of the above.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #49
50.
(p. 14)
What are the two dilemmas of negotiation?
A. the dilemma of cost and the dilemma of profit margin
B. the dilemma of honesty and the dilemma of profit margin
C. the dilemma of trust and the dilemma of cost
D. the dilemma of honesty and the dilemma of trust
E. None of the above.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #50
51.
(p. 14)
How much to believe of what the other party tells you
A. depends on the reputation of the other party.
B. is affected by the circumstances of the negotiation.
C. is related to how he or she treated you in the past.
D. is the dilemma of trust.
E. All of the above.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #51
33. 52.
(p. 14)
Satisfaction with a negotiation is determined by
A. the process through which an agreement is reached and the dollar value of concessions
made by each party.
B. the actual outcome obtained by the negotiation as compared to the initial bargaining
positions of the negotiators.
C. the process through which an agreement is reached and by the actual outcome obtained by
the negotiation.
D. the total dollar value of concessions made by each party.
E. Satisfaction with a negotiation is determined by none of the above.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #52
53.
(p. 17)
Which of the following statements about conflict is true?
A. Conflict is the result of tangible factors.
B. Conflict can occur when two parties are working towards the same goal and generally want
the same outcome.
C. Conflict only occurs when both parties want a very different settlement.
D. Conflict has a minimal effect on interdependent relationships.
E. All of the above statements about conflict are true.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #53
34. 54.
(p. 18)
In intragroup conflict,
A. sources of conflict can include ideas, thoughts, emotions, values, predispositions, or drives
that are in conflict with each other.
B. conflict occurs between individual people.
C. conflict affects the ability of the group to resolve differences and continue to achieve its
goals effectively.
D. conflict is quite intricate because of the large number of people involved and possible
interactions between them.
E. None of the above describes intragroup conflict.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #54
55.
(p. 19)
Which of the following contribute to conflict's destructive image?
A. increased communication
B. misperception and bias
C. clarifying issues
D. minimized differences; magnified similarities
E. All of the above contribute to conflict's destructive image.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #55
35. 56.
(p. 22)
In the Dual Concerns Model, the level of concern for the individual's own outcomes and the
level of concern for the other's outcomes are referred to as the
A. cooperativeness dimension and the competitiveness dimension.
B. the assertiveness dimension and the competitiveness dimension.
C. the competitiveness dimension and the aggressiveness dimension.
D. the cooperativeness dimension and the assertiveness dimension.
E. None of the above.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #56
57.
(p. 23)
An individual who pursues his or her own outcomes strongly and shows little concern for
whether the other party obtains his or her desired outcomes is using the _________ strategy.
A. yielding
B. compromising
C. contending
D. problem solving
E. None of the above.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #57
36. 58.
(p. 23)
Negotiators pursuing the yielding strategy
A. show little interest or concern in whether they attain their own outcomes, but are quite
interested in whether the other party attains his or her outcomes.
B. pursue their own outcome strongly and shows little concern for whether the other party
obtains his or her desired outcome.
C. shows little interest or concern in whether they attain their own outcomes, and does not
show much concern about whether the other party obtains his or her outcomes.
D. show high concern for attaining their own outcomes and high concern for whether the other
attains his or her outcomes.
E. Negotiators pursuing the yielding strategy demonstrate none of the above behaviors.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #58
59.
(p. 23)
Parties pursuing the __________ strategy show little interest or concern in whether they attain
their own outcomes, and do not show much concern about whether the other party obtains his
or her outcomes.
A. contending
B. compromising
C. problem solving
D. yielding
E. None of the above.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #59
37. 60.
(p. 27)
A situation in which solutions exist to achieve the best possible solutions so all parties involved
can do well in the negotiation is a __________ situation.
A. mutual gains
B. win-lose
C. zero-sum
D. win-win
E. None of the above.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #60
61.
(p. 2)
What are the three reasons negotiations occur?
Negotiations occur for several reasons: (1) to agree on how to share or divide a limited
resource, such as land, or property, or time; (2) to create something new that neither party
could do on his or her own, or (3) to resolve a problem or dispute between the parties.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #61
62.
(p. 3)
Is the give-and-take process used to reach an agreement the "heart of the negotiation" as
most people assume"?
While that give-and-take process is extremely important, negotiation is a very complex social
process; many of the most important factors that shape a negotiation result do not occur
during the negotiation, but occur before the parties start to negotiate, or shape the context
around the negotiation.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #62
38. 63.
(p. 6)
Why do parties negotiate by choice?
That is, they negotiate because they think they can get a better deal by negotiating than by
simply accepting what the other side will voluntarily give them or let them have. Negotiation is
largely a voluntary process. We negotiate because we think we can improve our outcome or
result, compared to not negotiating or simply accepting what the other side offers. It is a
strategy pursued by choice; seldom are we required to negotiate.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #63
64.
(p. 8)
What are tangible and intangible factors in negotiation?
Tangible factors include quantifiable items, such as the price, terms of agreement, etc. By
intangible factors, we are referring to the deeper psychological motivations that may directly or
indirectly influence the parties during the negotiation.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #64
65.
(p. 9)
What are the three ways that characterize most relationships between parties?
Most relationships between parties may be characterized in one of three ways: independent,
dependent, and interdependent.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #65
39. 66.
(p. 11)
Define "zero-sum" situation.
Individuals are so linked together that there is a negative correlation between their goal
attainments.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #66
67.
(p. 11)
Describe a "mutual gains" situation.
when parties' goals are linked so that one person's goal achievement helps others to achieve
their goals, it is a mutual-gains situation, also known as a non-zero-sum or integrative
situation, where there is a positive correlation between the goal attainments of both parties.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #67
68.
(p. 11)
What does BATNA stand for?
Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #68
40. 69.
(p. 13)
What role do concessions play when a proposal isn't readily accepted?
If the proposal isn't readily accepted by the other, negotiators begin to defend their own initial
proposals and critique the others' proposals. Each party's rejoinder usually suggests
alterations to the other party's proposal, and perhaps also contains changes to his or her own
position. When one party agrees to make a change in his or her position, a concession has
been made (Pruitt, 1981). Concessions restrict the range of options within which a solution or
agreement will be reached; when a party makes a concession, the bargaining range (the
difference between the preferred acceptable settlements) is further constrained.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #69
70.
(p. 13)
What are concessions?
A concession has been made when one party accepts a change in his or her position.
Concessions restrict the range of options within which a solution or agreement will be reached.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #70
41. 71.
(p. 15)
Describe the strategies and tactics a negotiator would employ in a distributive bargaining
situation.
In distributive situations negotiators are motivated to win the competition and beat the other
party, or gain the largest piece of the fixed resource that they can. In order to achieve these
objectives, negotiators usually employ "win-lose" strategies and tactics. This approach to
negotiation—called distributive bargaining--accepts the fact that there can only be one winner
given the situation, and pursues a course of action to be that winner. The purpose of the
negotiation is to claim value---that is, to do whatever is necessary to claim the reward, gain the
lion's share, or gain the largest piece possible
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #71
72.
(p. 16)
Why should negotiators be versatile in their comfort and use of both value claiming and value
creating strategic approaches?
Not only must negotiators be able to recognize which strategy is most appropriate, but they
must be able to use both approaches with equal versatility. There is no single ‘best', ‘preferred'
or ‘right' way to negotiate; the choice of negotiation strategy requires adaptation to the
situation, as we will explain more fully in the next section on conflict. Moreover, if most
negotiation issues/problems have claiming and creating values components, then negotiators
must be able to use both approaches in the same deliberation.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #72
42. 73.
(p. 16)
Define synergy?
"the whole is greater than the sum of its parts"
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #73
74.
(p. 18)
Name the four levels of conflict that are commonly identified.
The four levels of conflict are: (1) intrapersonal or intrapsychic conflict, (2) interpersonal
conflict, (3) intragroup conflict, and (4) intergroup conflict.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #74
75.
(p. 18)
Explain how conflict is a potential consequence of interdependent relationships.
Conflict can result from the strongly divergent needs of the two parties, or from misperceptions
and misunderstandings. Conflict can occur when the two parties are working toward the same
goal and generally want the same outcome, or when both parties want very different
outcomes. Regardless of the cause of the conflict, negotiation can play an important role in
resolving it effectively. In this section, we will define conflict, discuss the different levels of
conflict that can occur, review the functions and dysfunctions of conflict, and discuss strategies
for managing conflict effectively.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #75
43. 76.
(p. 19)
How does decreased communication contribute as one of the destructive images of conflict in
a negotiation?
Productive communication declines with conflict. Parties communicate less with those who
disagree with them, and more with those who agree. The communication that does occur is
often an attempt to defeat, demean, or debunk the other's view or to strengthen one's own
prior arguments.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #76
77.
(p. 20)
Conflict also has productive aspects and one of those is that conflict encourages psychological
development. Elaborate.
It helps people become more accurate and realistic in their self-appraisals. Through conflict,
persons take others' perspectives and become less egocentric. Conflict helps persons to
believe that they are powerful and capable of controlling their own lives. They do not simply
need to endure hostility and frustration but can act to improve their lives.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #77
78.
(p. 22)
The Dual Concerns Model is a two-dimensional framework that postulates that people in
conflict have two independent types of concern. What are those two types of concerns?
concern about their own outcomes (shown on the horizontal dimension of the figure) and
concern about the other's outcomes (shown on the vertical dimension of the figure).
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #78
44. 79.
(p. 23)
Where would you likely to find the concept of "yielding" on the dual concerns model?
Yielding (also called accommodating or obliging) is the strategy in the upper left-hand corner.
Actors pursuing the yielding strategy show little interest or concern in whether they attain their
own outcomes, but they are quite interested in whether the other party attains his or her
outcomes. Yielding involves lowering one's own aspirations to "let the other win" and gain
what he or she wants. Yielding may seem like a strange strategy to some, but it has its definite
advantages in some situations.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #79
80.
(p. 23, 24)
What are the five major strategies for conflict management (as identified in the Dual Concerns
framework)?
Contending, Yielding, Inaction, Problem Solving, and Compromising.
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... #80
45. 001 Chapter 1 The Nature of Negotiation Summary
Category # of Questions
Lewicki - 001 Chapter... 80
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