Negotiation is a process of communication between two or more parties to influence each other and reach an agreement. It can involve compromise to benefit both sides. There are two main types of negotiation: distributive negotiation which focuses on fixed resources and competitive goals, and integrative negotiation which aims to find mutually beneficial outcomes through problem solving and addressing underlying interests. Key factors for successful negotiation include thorough planning, understanding different perspectives, ensuring the right stakeholders are represented, and finding possible compromises.

1. Fai Yui Kato Misaki Nakagawa

2. Negotiation is a process of communication in which the parties aim to "send a message" to the other side and influence each other.

3. something that we do all the time , not only for business purposes. usually considered as a compromise to settle an argument or issue to benefit ourselves as much as possible. not always between only two people: it can involve several members from two parties.

4. Distributive negotiations Integrative negotiations

5. often referred to as 'The Fixed Pie' usually involves people who have never had a previous interactive relationship, nor are they likely to do so again in the near future. example: Purchasing products or services, like when we buy a car or a house Ours and their interests are usually self serving

6. The process generally involves some form or combination of making value for value concessions, in conjunction with creative problem solving. Form a long term relationship to create mutual gain. often described as the win-win scenario

7. Initial Stages Middle Stages Ending Stages

8. Plan thoroughly. Organize the issues. Focus on mutual principles and concerns. Be aware that the first offer is often above expectations. Focus on long- term goals and consequences.

9. Revise strategies. Consider other options. Increase power by getting the other side to commit first. Add credibility by getting agreements in writing. To get through with dead ends, just set it aside momentarily. When asked for a concession, ask for a tradeoff.

10. Counter a persistent negotiator by withdrawing an offer. Do not expect in verbal promises. Congratulate the other side.

11. Sometimes people fail to negotiate because they do not recognize that they are in a bargaining position. Or, they may recognize the need for bargaining but may bargain poorly because they do not fully understand the process and lack good negotiating skills.

12. parties must be aware of their alternatives to a negotiated settlement :Weaker parties must feel assured that they will not be overpowered in a negotiation :parties must trust that their needs and interests will be fairly considered in the negotiation process.

13. Negotiation seems to bring conflicts . Any misunderstanding that arises between them will reinforce their prejudices and arouse their emotions.

14. To combat perceptual bias and hostility, negotiators should attempt to gain a better understanding of the other party's perspective and try to see the situation as the other side sees it.

15. if the "right" people are not involved in negotiations, the process is not likely to succeed.

16. Agreements can be successfully implemented only if the relevant parties and interests have been represented in the negotiations. So, all of the interested and affected parties must be represented. And, negotiators must truly represent and have the trust of those they are representing.

17. To brush up your ‘win-win’ negotiation skills…

18. For a negotiation to be win-win“, both parties should feel positive about the negotiation once it’s over.

19. What you want to get out of the negotiation What you think the other person wants

20. What you and the other person have that can be traded for the purpose of negotiation. What do you each have that the other wants? What are you each comfortable giving away?

21. If you don’t reach agreement with the other person, what alternatives do you have? Are these good or bad? How much does it matter if you don’t reach agreement? Does failure to reach agreement cut you out of future opportunities? What alternatives the other person might have?

22. What is the history of the relationship? Could or should this history impact the negotiation? Will there be any hidden issues that may influence the negotiation? How will you handle these?

23. What outcome will people be expecting from the negotiation? What has the outcome been in the past, and what precedents have been set?

24. What are the consequences for you of winning or losing this negotiation? What are the consequences for the other person?

25. Who has what power in the relationship? Who controls resources? Who stands to lose the most if agreement isn’t reached? What power does the other person have to deliver what you hope for?

26. Based on all the consideration…. What possible compromises might there be?