The document discusses planning, including its nature, purpose, and types. It describes planning as a primary management function that involves defining goals, strategies, and coordinated activities to achieve goals. Planning provides direction, reduces uncertainty, sets standards, and facilitates decision making. The objective is to study different planning types, tools, and techniques so that students can explain planning processes.

1. UNIT II – PLANNING
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

2. SYLLABUS
Nature and purpose of planning – planning process – types of
planning – objectives – setting objectives – policies – Planning
premises – Strategic Management – Planning Tools and Techniques
– Decision making steps and process.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

3. Objective:
 To study different types of planning, its tools and techniques.
Outcome:
 The student will be able to explain the different types of
planning process and tools used for planning.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

4. NATURE AND PURPOSE OF PLANNING:
 Planning is the most basic form of all management functions.
 Everyone used to plan in our day to day activities.
 We plan to execute our official work, improvise career, plan our
investment, etc.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

5. BOEING 787 AIRCRAFT
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

6.  Planning involves defining the organizations' goals,
establishing strategies for achieving those goals and
developing plans to integrate and coordinate work
activities.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

7.  Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when
to do it, and who is to do it.
 Planning bridges the gap from where we are to where we
want to go.
 It makes it possible for things to occur which would not otherwise
happen.
- Harold Koontz and Cyril O’Donell
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

8.  In formal planning, specific goals covering a specific period of
time are defined.
 Shared among all the members of an organization to reduce
uncertainty and create common understanding about what need
to be done.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

9. NATURE OF PLANNING:
1. Pervasiveness:
 Occurs irrespective of level of management. Every manager
has a planning function to perform.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

10. NATURE OF PLANNING:
2. Primary in nature:
 Precedes other functions of an organization.
 Without planning other functions of an organization becomes
meaningless.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

11. NATURE OF PLANNING:
3. Continuous in nature:
 Never ending activity.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

12. NATURE OF PLANNING:
4. Flexible in nature:
 Future is unpredictable, thus planning must provide enough
room to cope with the changes in global market.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

13. NATURE OF PLANNING:
5. Goal oriented:
 Carried out to attain the objective of an organization.
 Provides guidelines for attaining goals.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

14. NATURE OF PLANNING:
6. Integrated process:
 Integrates the plans and actions of a manager.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

15. NATURE OF PLANNING:
7. Forward looking:
 Without planning, business become random in nature.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

16. NATURE OF PLANNING:
8. Intellectual process:
 Involves brain activity.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

17. NATURE OF PLANNING:
9. Factual process:
 Process is based on some predictions and past experiences.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

18. NATURE OF PLANNING:
10. Effective and efficient process:
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

19. PURPOSE OF PLANNING:
1. Provides direction:
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

20. PURPOSE OF PLANNING:
2. Reduces uncertainty:
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

21. PURPOSE OF PLANNING:
3. Minimizes waste and redundancy:
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

22. PURPOSE OF PLANNING:
4. Set standards for controlling:
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

23. PURPOSE OF PLANNING:
5. Provides basis for team work:
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

24. PURPOSE OF PLANNING:
6. Adaption to change in work environment:
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

25. PURPOSE OF PLANNING:
7. Improves morale:
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

26. PURPOSE OF PLANNING:
8. Facilitates decision making:
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT