The document summarizes a case study of the National Library of Singapore, focusing on its natural ventilation strategies. The 15-story building uses various passive design elements like building orientation, form factor, stack ventilation, cross ventilation, and wind buffering to promote air circulation without mechanical cooling. Surrounded by taller commercial buildings, it employs landscaping and louvers to optimize wind flow and ventilation naturally.

1. D.Y PATIL SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, AMBI, PUNE.
NAME- ABHINANDAN THIKEKAR
CLASS- T. Y. BARCH ‘A’
SUBJECT- BUILDING SERVICES - III
NATURAL VENTILATION
CASE STUDY
ON NATIONAL LIBRARY OF SINGAPORE
PRESENTED BY- ABHINANDAN THIKEKAR (T.Y.BARCH)

2. NATIONAL LIBRARY OF SINGAPORE
• INTRODUCTION AND SITE PLANNING
• BUILDING ORIENTATION
• INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING
• SURROUNDING BUILDINGS
• BUILDING CONFIGURATION
• NATURAL VENTILATION
• AIR CIRCULATION
• STACK VENTILATION
• THERMAL CHIMNEY
• CROSS VENTILATION
• OPEN SPACE
• WIND BUFFERING
• BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
• PHOTOGRAPHS, PLANS & ELEVATIONS.

3. ARCHITECT: T.R. HAMZAH &
YEANG CLIMATE ZONE:
TROPICAL VEGETATION
ZONE: RAINFOREST GROSS
FLOOR AREA: 58,783 SQM
NUMBER OF STORIES: 15
• INTRODUCTION AND SITE
PLANNING
SITUATED BETWEEN BUGIS JUNCTION
AND AND BRAS BASAH COMPLEX AT 100,
VICTORIA STREET, THE NATIONAL LIBRARY
OF SINGAPORE IS ONE OF THE ICONIC
BUILDING IN SINGAPORE, NATIONAL
LIBRARY OF SINGAPORE IS AN
ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIVE DESIGN
AS AN ECOLOGICAL APPROACH ADAPTED
TO THE USE OF ENERGY AND MATERIALS.
THE BUILDING WON THE 1ST PRIZE IN
THE ASEAN ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING
AWARDS IN THE NEW AND EXISTING
BUILDINGS CATEGORY. IT WAS AWARDED
THE GREEN MARK PLATINUM AWARD IN
THE BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION
AUTHORITY OF SINGAPORE (BCA), THE
TOP HONOR BESTOWED ON "GREEN"
BUILDINGS.
CLIMATE
THE TYPICAL
WIND SPEEDS IN
TROPICAL
CLIMATE VARIES
FROM 0 MPH TO
14 MPH.
THROUGH THE
WIND ROSE
DIAGRAM,
APPROXIMATELY
60% OF THE
WIND COMES
FROM FROM
SOUTH AND 15%
NORTH-EAST,
25% COMES
COMES FROM
NORTH-WEST.
BUILDING ORIENTATION
THE BUILDING IS ORIENTED AGAINST THE
AXIS OF EAST WEST TO REDUCE SOLAR
HEAT GAIN AND GLARETHE CUBOIDAL
BUILDING HAS FOUR CORNERS WHICH
EACH POINTS TOWARDS NORTH, SOUTH,
EAST AND WEST, THUS THE MAIN
SURFACE AREA OF THE FACADE RECEIVES
LESS HEAT AND GLARE.THE BUILDING
SERVICE CORE LOCATED ON THE SOUTH-
WEST AND NORTH-EAST SIDES OF THE
BUILDING SERVE AS BUFFER ZONES TO
INSULATE THE INTERNAL AREA.THE LIFT
CORE LOCATED ON THE NORTH-EAST
FACADE ALSO ACTS AS A HEAT SHIELD
AGAINST THE AFTERNOON SUN. THE
ADJACENT BLOCK IS ALSO EFFECTIVE IN
PREVENTING CONDUCTION AND
RADIATION

4. SURROUNDING BUILDINGS
THE LIBRARY S SITUATED IN A COMMERCIALISED AREA WHERE THE SURROUNDING
BUILDINGCATES A RENT COMMERCIAL PURPOSES
LOCATION: NORTH-EAST
• TYPE OF BUILDINGS: SERVICE
HOTELS AVERAGE HEIGHT:
54MLOCATION: SOUTH-EAST
• TYPE OF BUILDINGS: COMMERCIAL
LOTS AVERAGE HEIGHT:
26MLOCATION: SOUTH-WEST
• TYPE OF BUILDINGS: RETAIL
RESIDENTIAL AVERAGE HEIGHT:
72MLOCATION: NORTH-WEST
• TYPES OF BUILDINGS: DESIGN HUB
AVERAGE HEIGHT: 17M

5. FORM FACTOR & ORIENTATION
THE UNIQUE GEOMETRY HELPS TO REDIRECT SUN RAYS AND
KEEP THE BUILDING COOL. WITH SUCH FORM FACTOR, IT ALSO
HELPS PREVENT HEAT ISLAND EFFECT. THE CONFIGURATIONS
OF THE SERVICE AREA ARE LOCATED ON THE SOUTH-WEST
AND NORTH-EAST SIDES OF THE BUILDING, SERVING AS
BUFFER ZONES TO INSULATE THE INTERNAL AREAS.
BUILDING
CONFIGURATION

6. NATURAL VENTILATION
AIR CIRCULATION
AIR CIRCULATION IN THE BUILDING
MOVES WHERE WIND FROMTHE
OUTSIDE ENTERS ONE END OF THE
STREET SPACE IN THE BUILDING AND
LEAVES FROM THE OTHER END. THE
SAME CIRCULATION OCCURS IN THE
VOID AT THE TOP OF THE BUILDING
VERTICAL AIR CIRCULATION ALSO
OCCURS IN THE ATRIUM WHERE THE
SKYLIGHT IS PLACED HIGHER THAN THE
ROOF WITH OPENINGS FOR WARM AIR
TO ESCAPE AND COOL AIR TO DESCEND
ON TO THE FLOOR LEVEL.
STACK VENTILATION
THIS VENTILATION MOSTLY OCCURS IN LARGE TALL
SPACES, IT FUNCTIONS WELL TO EXTRACT WARM AIR
FROM A SPACE AND REPLACING IT WITH COOL AIR.
STACK VENTILATION IS SHOWN IN THE LIBRARY'S
ATRIUM. THE OVER 16 STOREY ATRIUM
PERPENDICULAR TO THE TUNNEL-LIKE STREET SPACE
BELOW ALLOWS FOR WARM AIR TO RISE AND COOL
AIR TO DESCEND.
CROSS VENTILATION
THE PRESSURE CAUSED BY WIND AGAINST A LARGE
WIDE OBSTACLE RESULTS IN AIR BEING FORCED INTO
ANY SMALL OPENINGS FOUND ON THE SURFACE OF
THE OBSTACLE. THE AIR RUSH ENTERS THE SPACE AND
BOUNCES OFF OTHER SURFACES TO FIND ANOTHER
OPENING TO LEAVE THE SPACE THIS IS SHOWN IN THE
NATIONALLIBRARY AS WELL, IN THE VOID ON THE
UPPER FLOOR AND THE TUNNEL ON STREET LEVEL.

8. OPEN SPACE
AIR CIRCULATION IN THE ATRIUM ASSIST INTERIOR AIR VENTILATION
AND MINIMIZES ACTIVE COOLING AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION. THE
PLAZA LOCATED AT THE GROUND LEVEL WITH WIDELY OPEN SPACE
ENSURES SMOOTH AIR FLOW AND ATTRACTS COOL WIND INTO THE
SPACE. NATURAL VENTILATION IS APPLIED IN THE MAIN TRANSITION
SPACES, SUCH INCLUDE INTERNAL WALKWAYS, EVENT PLAZA AND
COURTYARDS.
WIND BUFFERING
BEING THE TALLEST
BUILDING AROUND BUGIS
AREA, THE LIBRARY IS
FACING THE STRONGEST
WIND. WITH THESE
LOUVERS, THE BUILDING IS
ABLE TO OPTIMIZE THE
FLOW OF WIND AND
VENTILATION NATURAL THE
VEGETATION ARE PLANTED
ON THE BALCONIES, THE
WIND WOULD HAVE
DESTROYED THE PLANTS
WITHOUT THE LOUVERS
ACTING AS BUFFERS &
MANITOBA.
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
BY INSERTING GREENERIES IN BETWEEN FEW FLOORS, IT ALLOWS THE
LOCAL VEGETATION SHADES TO REDUCE THE HEAT AND EFFECTIVELY
LOWERS WALL SURFACE TEMPERATURE BY 17 C. EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
COOLING IS ALSO ADAPTED IN THE BUILDING, LOWERING AIR
CONDITION COST BY 25%-80%. VEGETATION WAS IDEAL IN CREATING
THE RIGHT AMBIANCE FOR AESTHETIC VALUES AS WELL AS A NATURAL
ELEMENT TO PREVENT THE OCCURRENCE OF HEAT ISLANDS.

9. PHOTOGRAPHS

10. PHOTOGRAPHS

11. PLANS & ELEVATIONS