BIOCLIMATIC ARCHITECTURE IN HOT AND DRY CLIMATE

1. DISSERTATION
BIOCLIMATIC ARCHITECTURE
RACHITA DALPATI
0809AR201073
VII SEM, IV YEAR
SOA, IPS ACADEMY, INDORE

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4. CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
• AIM
• OBJECTIVE
• NEED
• SCOPE
• LIMITATION
• RESEARCH &
METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER 2
HOT & DRY CLIMATE
• CHARACTERISTICS OF
HOT & DRY CLIMATE
• HOT & DRY CLIMATE
ZONES IN INDIA
• CLIMATIC FACTORS
• CLIMATIC VARIATION
& SEASONAL
PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 3
TRADITIONAL PRACTICES IN
HOT & DRY REGION
• HISTORICAL EXAMPLE
OF INDIGENOUS
ARCHITECTURE
• HAWA MAHAL, JAIPUR
• AMBER FORT, JAIPUR
• PATWON KI HAVELI,
JAISALMER
CHAPTER 4
PASSIVE DESIGN PRINCIPLES
OF HOT & DRY CLIMATE
•PASSIVE TECHNIQUES &
CHARACTERISTICS
•BUILDING ORIENTATION
•SHADING BY
NEIGHBOURING BUILDINGS
•SHADING BY VEGETATION
•REFLECTING SURFACES
•BUILDING SURFACE
COOLING
•ROOF PONDS
•SOLAR CHIMEY
•COURTYARD EFFECT
•AIR VENT & WIND TOWER
•EARTH AIR TUNNEL
•THERMAL STORAGE
•PASSIVE DOWN DRAUGHT
EVAPORATIVE COOLING

5. CHAPTER 5
ACTIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES
FOR HOT & DRY CLIMATE
• WHAT IS ACTIVE
DESIGN STRATEGIES?
• TYPES OF ACTIVE
DESIGN STRATEGIES
• MECHANICAL
VENTILATION
• BUILDING
AUTOMATION &
CONTROL SYSTEM
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC
SYSTEM
• RAINWATER
HARVESTING
• GREY WATER SYSTEM
CHAPTER 6
BUILDING MATERIALS &
TECHNIQUES
• SUSTAINABLE
MATERIALS
• THERMAL MASS
MATERIALS
• REFLECTIVE & ROOF
COOLING MATERIALS
• BIODEGRADABLE &
RECYCLABLE
MATERIALS
CHAPTER 7
CASE STUDIES
• SANGATH- an
architect’s studio,
AHEMEDABAD
• TORRENT RESEARCH
CENTER,
AHEMEDABAD
• INDIAN INSTITUTE OF
MANAGEMENT (IIM),
AHEMEDABAD
CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION
• Incorporating these
passive & active
techniques would
undoubtedly reduce our
reliance on artificial
means for thermal
comfort while also
minimizing
environmental problems
caused by excessive
consumption of energy
and other natural
resources, resulting in a
built form that is more
climate responsive,
sustainable, and
environmentally friendly
of tomorrow.

6. Historical examples of indigenous architecture
Solar passive architecture: A Legacy from the Past Historic structures
1. HAWA MAHAL, JAIPUR-
Natural cooling system
The 953 jharokhas, or windows, in
Jaipur's Hawa Mahal allow for air
flow while also keeping the
temperature down.
2. AMBER FORT, JAIPUR-
water lifting system
The underground chambers of the
structure are the most intricate aspect,
as they incorporate various passive
design components such as wind
tunnels, water walls, ponds, cisterns,
thermal mass, and material.
3. PATWON KI HAVELI, JAISALMER
Patwon Ki Haveli is noted for its
magnificent wall murals,
complex yellow sandstone-
carved jharokhas or balconies,
entrances, and doorways.

7. Passive techniques and characteristics
1. Building form & orientation
North-South Orientation
2. Shading by Neighboring Buildings- 3. Shading by Vegetation-
4. Shading by Overhangs,
Louvers and Textured Facade
5. Reflecting surfaces 6. Roof ponds

8. 7. Solar Chimney 8. Courtyard effect 9. Air vent & wind tower
10. Evaporative cooling 11. Air cooling by tunnels 12. Thermal storage

9. 13. Passive down draught
evaporative cooling
Pad and PDEC tower
A spray-coated PDEC tower

10. ACTIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES FOR HOT & DRY CLIMATE
1. Mechanical ventilation
Mechanical ventilation systems
deliver a consistent flow of
outside air into the home as well
as filtration, dehumidification,
and conditioning of the
incoming outside air.
2. Building automation and control systems
Occupancy sensors detect movement and
presence and automatically turn on and
off lights and fans in empty
environments.
3. Solar Photovoltaic system
The photovoltaic effect, these devices
convert sunlight directly into electricity,
providing a clean, renewable, and
sustainable alternative to traditional
fossil fuel-based energy sources.
Building management system (BMS):
These centralized systems integrate
numerous building systems, allowing for
centralized control and improvement of
energy efficiency and comfort.

11. 4. Rainwater harvesting
Rainwater collection and storage for irrigation
and other non-potable purposes decreases
reliance on municipal water and reduces the
heat island effect.
5. Grey water system
Greywater is wastewater produced by your home's sinks,
showers, bathtubs, and washing machines. Greywater, as
opposed to blackwater (toilet waste), is reasonably clean and
can be reused for a variety of applications, lowering your need
on freshwater and minimizing environmental effect.

12. 6. High performance insulation
High-performance insulation transforms building efficiency and comfort. It goes above and beyond typical materials,
providing great heat resistance as well as a variety of advantages for both residential and commercial settings.
Aerogel Mineral wool Polyisocyanurate (PIR) and Polyurethane (PU)
Vacuum insulation panels

13. BULDING MATERIALS & TECHNOLOGIES
Bio-based
materials
Biodegradable
Materials
Sustainable
Materials
Materials
made from
recycled
materials
Regionally
supplied
materials
Thermal
mass
materials
Reflective
& roof
cooling
materials
Bio-based materials
Silica plastic blocks
Kota stone
Green roof
Hempcrete brick
roof cooling materials
Recyclable Materials
Biodegradable Materials
Regionally supplied materials

14. Sangath- an architect’s studio, Ahmedabad
Sangath is an architect's studio located in Ahmedabad, India. It was designed by Balkrishna Doshi, a renowned Indian architect
who is known for his work in the field of sustainable design.
CASE STUDIES IN HOT & DRY CLIMATE
WIND FLOW
ACHIEVEMENTS & PREFORMANCE
❖ Less mechanical cooling & heating is required.
❖ Reduced greenhouse gas emission.
❖ The advantage of natural energy is taken.
❖ Comfortable thermal conditions are maintained.
❖ A temperature difference of approx. 8°C.
❖ Time lag for heat transfer is nearly 6 hours.
❖ 30%-50% reduction in cooling energy.
❖ Waste materials are used resulting in a low-cost
building.
roof surface is glazed tiles waste laid
down in mosaic tiles.
STACK EFFECT Ventilating window at
upper volume to release the accumulated
hot air through pressure difference.
SANDWHICHED CONSTRUCTION OF VAULT
The vaulted roof is of locally made clay fuses over
the concrete slab, which provides a non-conducting
layer.
WATER CHANNELS

15. Torrent research center, Ahmedabad
The Torrent Research Centre (Gujarat, India) is a complex of research
laboratories with supporting facilities and infrastructures, located
on the outskirts of Ahmedabad.
This building uses Passive Downdraft Evaporative Cooling for a large-scale
office building and demonstrates that it is possible to achieve human comfort in
dry hot regions without using regular HVAC systems and without
compromising the cost of construction.
TORRENT RESEARCH CENTER, AHMEDABAD
CONCLUSION-These innovative design features have resulted in
significant energy savings and improved thermal comfort for
occupants, making the Torrent Research Centre a prime example of
sustainable building design in India.
❖ The building features a green roof, reducing the urban heat island
effect.
❖ It is possible to make a difference in human comfort conditions
without having to depend on excessive use of electrical/
mechanical energy.
❖ Wastewater is treated and recycled for non-potable purposes.
❖ Thermal Mass and Shading
❖ Daylighting and Natural Ventilation
❖ Water Harvesting and Reuse

16. Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Ahmedabad)
IIM Ahmedabad, Gujrat
CONCEPT: According to Louis-I-Khan, the plan was inspired by his desire to
build a monastery. He always intended his buildings to have a substantial and
formal appearance.
He aimed to develop a "FORTRESS IN BRICK" with the following features:
❖ Brickwork that has been exposed.
❖ Wall apertures or voids (circular and segmental arch).
❖ Concrete ties are exposed.
❖ Lower use of glass for windows.
❖ The interaction of light and shade in hallways.
❖ Cover up entrances and window openings.
❖ According to Louis-I-Khan, the diagonal system of putting the blocks
was a powerful architecture of connection" with the end of the blocks
being emphasized.
ARCHES AND VAULTS IN EXPOSED
CONCRETE & BRICKWORK LANDSCAPING & COURTYARDS IN IIM, AHEMEDABAD

17. CONCLUSION

18. THANK YOU