This document summarizes India's natural vegetation and wildlife. It notes that India has high biodiversity with over 47,000 plant species and 89,000 animal species. It describes the main types of natural vegetation in India, including tropical evergreen forests, tropical deciduous forests, tropical thorn forests, montane forests, and mangrove forests. It also discusses the factors influencing vegetation types like climate, relief, and soil. The document outlines some important wildlife and reasons for species extinction. It concludes by mentioning steps the government is taking to conserve biodiversity, such as establishing biosphere reserves, national parks, and wildlife sanctuaries.

1. NATURAL VEGETATION & WILDLIFE
MADE BY: NAKSHATHRA P.S
CLASS – 9 – GEOGRAPHY- CHAPTER - 5

2. INTRODUCTION
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➢ Our Country is rich in Bio- Diversity with about
i. 47,000 Plant Species
ii. 15,000 Flowering Plants
iii. 89,000 Species Of Animals
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• NATURAL VEGETATION: It refers to a plant community
which has grown naturally without human aid and has
been left undisturbed by humans for long time.
• ENDEMIC OR INDIGENOUSSPECIES: It refers to species
which grow within India.
• EXOTIC SPECIES:It refers to species which grow outside
India.
• FLORA: It denotes plants of particular region or period.
• FAUNA: Itdenotes animals of particular region or
period.

4. FACTORS RESPONIBLE FOR DIVERSITY IN
FLORA AND FAUNA KINGDOM
• RELIEF
ii, Land:In mountainous, plateau and plain the vegetation is
different. { Plain area is used for agriculture, grassland and
woodland develop over mountainous areas and give shelter to
variety of wild life}
ii, Soil: Soilprovide basis for growth of different types of
vegetation. {Sandy soils provide growth of cactus and thorns,
deltaic soils support mangrove vegetation}
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5. . • CLIMATE:
i) Temperature:The character and extent of vegetation in an
area is dependent upon temperature along with humidity and
precipitation in an area. On the basis vegetation is divided
into following zones
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● ii) Photoperiod:It is the effect of sunlight on the growth
and development of plant life. Duration of sunlight is
different due to Latitude, Altitude, Season and duration of
day. Due to longer duration of sunlight, trees grow faster
in summer.
● iii) Precipitation: Maximum rainfall in India is received
from Monsoons(advancing monsoon and retreating
monsoon). Area having high rainfall have dense
vegetation.

7. IMPORTANCE OF FOREST
• Modify Climate
• Control Soil Erosion.
• Provide livelihood for many
species and communities.
• Provides scenic view for
recreation and supports
tourism.
• Support for various Industries.
• Provides medicinal herbs.

8. ECOSYSTEM
● An Ecosystem is a system which includes all
living organisms (Biotic) in an area as well as
its physical environment(Abiotic) functioning
together as a unit.
● BIOME: A very large Ecosystem on land having
distinct type of vegetation and animal life.
● Human being is an important part of
Ecosystem.
● They utilize the vegetation and wild life. Their
greed has led to overutilization of resources,
cut trees and hunt animals to such an extent
that they have reached the verge of Extinction.

9. TYPES OF VEGETATION
1. TROPICALEVERGREEN
FORESTS
2. TROPICALDECIDUOUS
FORESTS
3. TROPICALTHORNFORESTS
OR THORNFORESTOR
SCRUBS
4. MONTANEFORESTS
5. MANGROVEFORESTS
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10. TROPICAL EVERGREEN FORESTS
• Found in the areas having rainfall more than
200cm.
• Found in western slopes of Western Ghats,
North-Easternstates, Andamanand Nicobar
islands and Lakshadweep Islands.
Height of 50 Meters.
• Since the region is warm and wet throughout the
year it has luxuriant vegetation throughout the
year. There is time limit for trees to shed their
leaves therefore they remain green all the year
round.
• Ebony, Mahogany,Rosewood,Rubber, Cinchona.
Elephants, Monkey, Deer, One-horned Rhinoceros.

11. TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FORESTS
• These are called Monsoon Forests.
• Found in areas receiving 70-200 cm
of rainfall.
• They shed their leaves in the
beginning of summer season in the
face of shortage water.
• 30-45 meters tall.
• Lion, Tiger, Deer, Elephant variety of
birds, lizards and snakes.

12. ON THE BASIS OF AVAILABILITY OF WATER
● MOIST DECIDUOUS:
i. 100-200 cm of rainfall.
ii. Foothills of Himalayas, Jharkhand, Orissa,
Chhattisgarh, Eastern slopes of Western Ghats.
iii. Teak, Bamboo, Sal, Shisham, Sandalwood
● DRY DECIDUOUS:
i. 70-100 cm of rainfall
ii. Rainier parts of Peninsular Plateau, Plains of Bihar
and Uttar Pradesh.
iii. Teak, Sal, Peepal, Neem

13. TROPICAL THORN FORESTS OR SCRUBS
●Found in areas which receives rainfall
less than 50 cm.
●Gujarat, Rajasthan, North- Western
part of Punjab, parts of Madhya
Pradesh.
●Acacias, Palms, Cactii, Kikar, Babool
are plant species.
●Trees have long roots which get
penetrated in soil in order to get
moisture, Leaves are thick and small in
size.
●Rats, Tiger, Lion, Horses and Camel is
found here.

14. MONTANE FORESTS
● These forests are found in mountainous areas.
● Found in Jammu Kashmir, Uttrakhand, Arunachal Pradesh.
● Decrease in Temperature with corresponding change in
vegetation as shown in the table:.
● Kashmiri Stag, Spotted deer, Jack, Rabbit, Yak, Squirrels.

15. MANGROVE FOREST
● Called Tidal Forests as influenced by
tides.
● Dense rootssubmerged under water.
● Deltas of Mahanadi, Krishna,
Godavariand Brahmaputra is
covered with this type of vegetation.
● In Ganga-Bramhaputra delta
SUNDARI TREES are found which
provide durable timber.
● PALM, COCUNUT etc trees grow here.
● RoyalBengal Tiger, Crocodiles and
snakes are found.

16. MEDICINAL PLANTS
● India is rich in its herbs and species from ancient times. The
commonly used plants in India are:
● 1. SARPAGANDHA: Treat Blood pressure
● 2. JAMUN:Juice of this fruit possess digestive properties and
seed is use for curing diabetes.
● 3. ARJUN:Use to regulate blood pressure. Juice of leaves is
used to cure earache.
● 4. NEEM: Possess antibacterial and antibiotic properties.
● 5. TULSI: Cure cough and cold
● 6. KACHNAR: Cure asthma and ulcers.

17. WILDLIFE/FAUNA
• India is rich in Fauna: 1200 species of
birds, 2500 species, 89000 animal
species.

18. WHY DO WE NEED
CONSERVE THE SPECIES?
● Animals provided transportation,meat
and egg.
● Fish provide nutritive food.
● Insects help in pollinationof crops and
fruit trees.
● Plant species provide food to animals
and humans.
● Thus, every species plays an important
role in Ecosystem.

19. REASONS FOR EXTINCTION OF SPECIES (PLANT AND ANIMALS)
● Rapid increase in exploitation of
forest resources due to industrial
advancement.
● Clearing of forest land for
agriculture, human settlements etc.
Hunting of animals for their skin
and other things.
● Pollution due to chemical and
industrial waste.
● Grazing by domestic cattle caused
adverse effect on wildlife and its
habitat.

20. STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT
● 14 Biosphere Reservers have been set up in the country to protect
flora and fauna

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● Financial Assistance is
provided to various
Botanical Gardens.
● Project Tiger, Project Rhino
and many other
developmental projects
have started.
● 89 National Parks, 490
Wildlife Sanctuaries are set
up to take care of natural
heritage.

22. THANK YOU ♡