Chapter - 6, Population, Geography, Social Science, Class 9Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
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Chapter - 6, Population, Geography, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
POPULATION SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION
TOTAL POPULATION
TOTAL AREA
INDIA'S POPULATION DENSITY
WORKING AGE
SEX RATIO
LITERACY RATES
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURES
HEALTH
ADOLESCENT POPULATION
NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
it is a self made powerpoint presentation being remained specific to NCERT.for queries and any future plans of making it getting published leave your comments.
This Powerpoint Presentation is on the chapter Agriculture from Class 10 Geography in CBSE Board. The information included is solely from Class 10 Geography textbook.
This PPt may be useful for the 9th std students. it is based on the 9th Std Geography (CBSE) book. for better understanding, some of the other related PPTs and pictures are also included in this PPT. Let enjoy your studies. yours.. R. Ezhilraman, PGT-Social Science, JNV Lepakshi, Ananthapur Andhra Pradesh
Chapter - 6, Population, Geography, Social Science, Class 9Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 6, Population, Geography, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
POPULATION SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION
TOTAL POPULATION
TOTAL AREA
INDIA'S POPULATION DENSITY
WORKING AGE
SEX RATIO
LITERACY RATES
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURES
HEALTH
ADOLESCENT POPULATION
NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
it is a self made powerpoint presentation being remained specific to NCERT.for queries and any future plans of making it getting published leave your comments.
This Powerpoint Presentation is on the chapter Agriculture from Class 10 Geography in CBSE Board. The information included is solely from Class 10 Geography textbook.
This PPt may be useful for the 9th std students. it is based on the 9th Std Geography (CBSE) book. for better understanding, some of the other related PPTs and pictures are also included in this PPT. Let enjoy your studies. yours.. R. Ezhilraman, PGT-Social Science, JNV Lepakshi, Ananthapur Andhra Pradesh
Chapter - 5, Working of Institutions, Democratic Politics/Civics, Social Scie...Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 5, Working of Institutions, Democratic Politics, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
PARLIAMENT
TWO HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT
POLITICAL EXECUTIVE
PRIME MINISTER AND COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
THE PRESIDENT
THE JUDICIARY
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Development, chapter 1st
Class 10
CONTENT
• Development
• Goals of Development
• National Development
• Comparison of Countries
• Human development
• Measuring Development
• Sustainable Development
Chapter - 4, Forest Society and Colonialism, History, Social Science, Class 9 Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 4, Forest Society and Colonialism, History, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
FOREST SOCIETY AND COLONIALISM
THE RISE OF COMMERCIAL FORESTRY
THE PEOPLE OF BASTAR
THE FEARS OF THE PEOPLE
THE WOODCUTTERS OF JAVA
DUTCH SCIENTIFIC FORESTRY
SAMIN’S CHALLENGE
WAR AND DEFORESTATION
NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN FORESTRY
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Chapter - 2, Forest and Wildlife Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 2, Forest and Wildlife Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
BIODIVERSITY
FLORA IN INDIA
FAUNA IN INDIA
WILDLIFE ON THREATENED LIFE
VANISHING FORESTS
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES (IUCN)
NORMAL SPECIES
ENDANGERED SPECIES
VULNERABLE SPECIES
RARE SPECIES
ENDEMIC SPECIES
EXTINCT SPECIES
WILDLIFE IN TROUBLE
METHODS FOR CONSERVATION
COMMUNITY AND CONSERVATION
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (Entrepreneur)
India is one of the ancient civilizations in the
world. It has achieved multi faceted socioeconomic
progress during the last five decades.
It has moved forward displaying
remarkable progress in the field of
agriculture, industry, technology and overall
economic development. India has also
contributed significantly.
The making of national movement 1870s-1947s ARJUNPRATHEEP
Within about a hundred years, the British took control of almost every aspect of life in India. Many Indians began to feel that the British control had to end to make India the country for Indians.After 1850, many political associations were formed. Most of them were formed in the 1870s and 1880s. Most of these associations were led by English-educated professionals. Some of the important ones were; the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha, the Indian Association, the Madras Mahajan Sabha, the Bombay Presidency Association.
Chapter - 3, Water Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 3, Water Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
CAUSES OF WATER SCARCITY
OPPOSITION OF MULTI PURPOSE PROJECTS
RAINWATER HARVESTING
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Chapter - 5, Working of Institutions, Democratic Politics/Civics, Social Scie...Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 5, Working of Institutions, Democratic Politics, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
PARLIAMENT
TWO HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT
POLITICAL EXECUTIVE
PRIME MINISTER AND COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
THE PRESIDENT
THE JUDICIARY
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Development, chapter 1st
Class 10
CONTENT
• Development
• Goals of Development
• National Development
• Comparison of Countries
• Human development
• Measuring Development
• Sustainable Development
Chapter - 4, Forest Society and Colonialism, History, Social Science, Class 9 Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 4, Forest Society and Colonialism, History, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
FOREST SOCIETY AND COLONIALISM
THE RISE OF COMMERCIAL FORESTRY
THE PEOPLE OF BASTAR
THE FEARS OF THE PEOPLE
THE WOODCUTTERS OF JAVA
DUTCH SCIENTIFIC FORESTRY
SAMIN’S CHALLENGE
WAR AND DEFORESTATION
NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN FORESTRY
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Chapter - 2, Forest and Wildlife Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 2, Forest and Wildlife Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
BIODIVERSITY
FLORA IN INDIA
FAUNA IN INDIA
WILDLIFE ON THREATENED LIFE
VANISHING FORESTS
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES (IUCN)
NORMAL SPECIES
ENDANGERED SPECIES
VULNERABLE SPECIES
RARE SPECIES
ENDEMIC SPECIES
EXTINCT SPECIES
WILDLIFE IN TROUBLE
METHODS FOR CONSERVATION
COMMUNITY AND CONSERVATION
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (Entrepreneur)
India is one of the ancient civilizations in the
world. It has achieved multi faceted socioeconomic
progress during the last five decades.
It has moved forward displaying
remarkable progress in the field of
agriculture, industry, technology and overall
economic development. India has also
contributed significantly.
The making of national movement 1870s-1947s ARJUNPRATHEEP
Within about a hundred years, the British took control of almost every aspect of life in India. Many Indians began to feel that the British control had to end to make India the country for Indians.After 1850, many political associations were formed. Most of them were formed in the 1870s and 1880s. Most of these associations were led by English-educated professionals. Some of the important ones were; the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha, the Indian Association, the Madras Mahajan Sabha, the Bombay Presidency Association.
Chapter - 3, Water Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 3, Water Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
CAUSES OF WATER SCARCITY
OPPOSITION OF MULTI PURPOSE PROJECTS
RAINWATER HARVESTING
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
PPT - Natural Vegetation and Wildlife.PPTXOjaswiniVerma
PPT on Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Class-9 . Here you can find full description of natural vegetation , biosphere reserves , locations and wildlife as per mentioned in NCERT in a crisp and brief format with all differences mentioned in tables which is more easy to grasp and identify the difference . Everything is explained with the help of images and maps to get known to locations easily . You can find it easy to learn and understand the basics with proper differentiation of every topic .
I hope you guys like it and kindly do share and give me ratings.
nice well......it will help in many projects
it will also help you in many activities and all about things......
my self
Tanishq Chawda
class IX
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Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. INTRODUCTION
Our Country is rich in Bio-Diversity with about
i) 47,000 Plant species
ii) 15,000 Flowering plants
iii)89,000 Species of animals
3. • NATURAL VEGETATION : It refers to a plant
community which has grown naturally without
human aid and has been left undisturbed by
humans for long time.
• ENDEMIC OR INDIGENOUS SPECIES: It refers to
species which grow within India.
• EXOTIC SPECIES: It refers to species which grow
outside India.
• FLORA: It denotes plants of particular region or
period.
• FAUNA: It denotes animals of particular region or
period.
4. FACTORS RESPONIBLE FOR DIVERSITY
IN FLORA AND FAUNA KINGDOM
• RELIEF
• i)Land: In mountainous, plateau and plain the
vegetation is different. { Plain area is used for
agriculture, grassland and woodland develop over
mountainous areas and give shelter to variety of
wild life}
• Ii)Soil: Soil provide basis for growth of different
types of vegetation.{Sandy soils provide growth
of cactus and thorns, deltaic soils support
mangrove vegetation}
5. • CLIMATE
• i) Temperature: The character and extent of
vegetation in an area is dependent upon
temperature along with humidity and precipitation
in an area. On the basis vegetation is divided into
following zones
VEGETATION ZONES TEMPERATURE RANGE
Tropical Above 24°C
Sub-Tropical 17°C to 24°C
Temperate 7°C to 17°C
Alpine Below 7°C
6. • ii) Photoperiod: It is the effect of sunlight on the
growth and development of plant life. Duration
of sunlight is different due to Latitude, Altitude,
Season and duration of day. Due to longer
duration of sunlight, trees grow faster in summer.
• iii) Precipitation: Maximum rainfall in India is
received from Monsoons(advancing monsoon
and retreating monsoon). Area having high
rainfall have dense vegetation.
7. IMPORTANCE OF FOREST
• Modify Climate.
• Control Soil Erosion.
• Provide livelihood for
many species and
communities.
• Provides scenic view for
recreation and supports
tourism.
• Support for various
Industries.
• Provides medicinal herbs.
Van
Mahotsav
is
celebrated
on 5 june
8. ECOSYSTEM
• An Ecosystem is a system which includes
all living organisms(Biotic) in an area as
well as its physical environment(Abiotic)
functioning together as a unit.
• BIOME: A very large Ecosystem on land
having distinct type of vegetation and
animal life.
• Human being is an important part of
Ecosystem.
• They utilize the vegetation and wild life.
Their greed has led to overutilization of
resources, cut trees and hunt animals to
such an extent that they have reached
the verge of Extinction.
9. TYPES OF
VEGETATION
1. TROPICAL
EVERGREEN FORESTS
2. TROPICAL
DECIDUOUS FORESTS
3. TROPICAL THORN
FORESTS OR THORN
FOREST OR SCRUBS
4. MONTANE FORESTS
5. MANGROVE FORESTS
10. TROPICAL EVERGREEN FORESTS
• Found in the areas having rainfall more
than 200cm.
• Found in western slopes of Western
Ghats, North-Eastern states, Andaman
and Nicobar islands and Lakshadweep
Islands.
• Height of 50 Meters.
• Since the region is warm and wet
throughout the year it has luxuriant
vegetation throughout the year.
• There is time limit for trees to shed
their leaves therefore they remain
green all the year round.
• Ebony, Mahogany, Rosewood, Rubber,
Cinchona .
• Elephants, Monkey, Deer, One-horned
Rhinoceros.
12. TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FORESTS
• These are called Monsoon
Forests.
• Found in areas receiving
70-200 cm of rainfall.
• They shed their leaves in
the beginning of summer
season in the face of
shortage water.
• 30-45 meters tall.
• Lion, Tiger, Deer, Elephant
variety of birds, lizards
and snakes.
13. On the basis of availability of water
• 100-200 cm of rainfall.
• Foothills of Himalayas, Jharkhand,
Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Eastern
slopes of Western Ghats.
• Teak, Bamboo, Sal, Shisham,
Sandalwood
MOIST
DECIDUOUS
• 70-100 cm of rainfall
• Rainier parts of Peninsular Plateau,
Plains of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.
• Teak, Sal, Peepal, Neem
DRY
DECIDUOUS
15. TROPICAL THORN FORESTS OR SCRUBS
• Found in areas which
receives rainfall less than 50
cm.
• Gujarat, Rajasthan, North-
Western part of Punjab,
parts of Madhya Pradesh.
• Acacias, Palms, Cactii, Kikar,
Babool are plant species.
• Trees have long roots which
get penetrated in soil in
order to get moisture, Leaves
are thick and small in size.
• Rats, Tiger, Lion, Horses and
Camel is found here.
17. MONTANE FORESTS
• These forests are found in mountainous areas.
• Found in Jammu Kashmir, Uttrakhand, Arunachal Pradesh.
• Decrease in Temperature with corresponding change in
vegetation as shown in the table:
• Kashmiri Stag, Spotted deer, Jack, Rabbit, Yak, Squirrels.
TYPE OF MONTANE FOREST ALTITUDE TREES
Wet Temperate Forest 1000-2000 meters Oak and Chestnut
Temperate Forest
(Southern slopes of Himalayas
and North-East India)
1500-3000 meters Pine, Deodar, Silver fir,
Cedar
Alpine Vegetation > 3600 meters Silver Fir, Pines
18. MANGROVE FORESTS
• Called Tidal Forests as
influenced by tides.
• Dense roots submerged under
water.
• Deltas of Mahanadi, Krishna,
Godavari and Brahmaputra is
covered with this type of
vegetation.
• In Ganga-Bramhaputra delta
SUNDARI TREES are found
which provide durable timber.
• PALM, COCUNUT etc trees grow
here.
• Royal Bengal Tiger, Crocodiles
and snakes are found.
20. MEDICINAL PLANTS
• India is rich in its herbs and species from ancient
times. The commonly used plants in India are:
• 1.SARPAGANDHA: Treat Blood pressure
• 2.JAMUN: Juice of this fruit possess digestive
properties and seed is use for curing diabetes.
• 3.ARJUN: Use to regulate blood pressure. Juice of
leaves is used to cure earache.
• 4.NEEM: Possess antibacterial and antibiotic
properties.
• 5.TULSI: Cure cough and cold
• 6.KACHNAR: Cure asthma and ulcers.
21. WILDLIFE/FAUNA
• India is rich in Fauna: 1200 species of birds,
2500 species of fish,89000 animal species.
SPECIES AREAS
Elephants Assam, Karnataka and Kerala
One-horned Rhinoceros Assam and West Bengal
Wild Ass and Camels Rann of Kuchch and Rajasthan
Lion (Asiatic) Gir forest in Gujarat
Tigers Madhya Pradesh, Sundebans of West Bengal and
Himalayan
Yak, Tibetan antelope, Bharal(blue sheep),
Kiang(wild ass)
Ladakh
22. WHY NEED TO CONSERVE THE
SPECIES?
• Animals provided transportation,
meat and egg.
• Fish provide nutritive food.
• Insects help in pollination of crops
and fruit trees.
• Plant species provide food to
animals and humans.
• Thus , every species plays an
important role in Ecosystem.
23. REASONS FOR EXTINCTION OF
SPECIES(PLANT AND ANIMAL)
• Rapid increase in exploitation of
forest resources due to industrial
advancement.
• Clearing of forest land for agriculture,
human settlements etc.
• Hunting of animals for their skin and
other things.
• Pollution due to chemical and
industrial waste.
• Grazing by domestic cattle caused
adverse effect on wildlife and its
habitat.
24. STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT
• 1. 14 Biosphere Reserves have been set up in the
country to protect flora and fauna.
BIOSPHERE RESERVE` STATE
1.Sunderbans West Bengal
2.Nanda Devi Uttaranchal
3.Gulf of Mannar Tamilnadu
4.Nilgiris Kerala
5.Great Nicobar Andaman and Nicobar island
6.Manas Assam
7.Simlipal Orissa
8.Dihang-Dibang Arunachal Pradesh
9.Dibru Saikhowa Assam
10.Agasthyamalai Kerala
11.Kanchenjunga Sikkim
12.Pachmari Madhya Pradesh
13.Achanakmar-Amarkantak Chhattisgarh
14.Nokrek Meghalaya
25. • 2.Financial Assistance is provided to various
Botanical Gardens.
• 3.Project Tiger, Project Rhino and many other
developmental projects have started.
• 4.89 National Parks, 490 Wildlife Sanctuaries are
set up to take care of natural heritage.
26. QUESTION-ANSWERS
• Q1.Define an Ecosystem.
• A1. An ecosystem is a system in which plants, animals,
humans and environment are interlinked and
interdependent on each other in a specific area.
• Q2. What is a bio-reserve? Give example.
• it is a unique ecosystem of land and coastal areas
which are recognised by UNESCO’s Man and Biosphere
Programme(MAB) which aims at following:
• 1. Conservation of Biodiversity(plants and animals)
• 2.Making development in terms of technology and
environment.
• 14 biosphere are recognized in India like Sunder ban
Biosphere reserve in West Bengal.
27. Flora
It refers to
plant life in
an area
There are
47,000 plant
species
Fauna
It refers to
animal life in
an area.
There are
89000 animal
species.
Q3. Distinguish between:
1.Flora and Fauna
2. Tropical Evergreen Forest and Tropical Deciduous Forest
Tropical
Evergreen Forest
They remain green
throughout the
year.
They are tall i.e 50
meters
They are found in
areas more than
200 cm
Tropical
Deciduous Forest
They shed their
leaves .
They are less short
i.e 30-40 meters
They are found in
areas in 70-200
cm
28. • Q4. Name different types of vegetation and describe vegetation of
high altitude.
• A4. Natural vegetation refers to the growth of plants that are left
undisturbed by humans. The different types of vegetation are :
• 1.Tropical Evergreen Forest
• 2. Tropical Deciduous Forest
• 3.Tropical Thorn Forest
• 4. Mangrove Forest
• 5. Montane Forest
• Vegetation on the basis of altitude is as follows:
• 1. Wet Temperate Forest: it is present at a altitude of 1000-2000
meters and Oak and Chestnut are trees are present there.
• 2. Temperate Forest: it is present at the altitude of 1500-3000
meters.they are present on the Southern slopes of Himalayas and
North-East India.Pine, Deodar, Silver fir, Cedar are trees present
here.
• 3. Alpine Vegetation: it is present at the altitude of more than 3600
meters. Silver Fir, Pines are the trees preset here.
29. • Q5. Quite a few species of plants and animals are endangered in India.Why
• The various reasons why the plants and animals life are endangered are:
• Forests are home of animals. They are cut rapidly by humans for agriculture,
human settlements, industrial expansion etc..
• Hunting of animals for their skin and other things.like elephants are killed for
ivory, tigers for skin.
• Land Pollution , Water Pollution due to chemical and industrial waste also kills
various marine species like fishes etc.
• Grazing by domestic cattle caused adverse effect on wildlife and its habitat.
• Q6. Why India has rich heritage of flora and fauna?
• India has rich heritage of flora and fauna because of following factors:
• 1.Varied relief: relief in India is present in form of mountains , plateaus, plains
,deserts, islands etc. Each have different climatic conditions like soil,
temperature etc. which help in the presence or absence of vegetation.
• 2.Climatic conditions: different place have different climatic conditions. Areas
with high temperature and low rainfall have desert type vegetation like
Rajasthan.
• 3.Photoperiod: it refers to duration of sunlight in an area. Places near equato
have more photoperiod, more temperature, more rainfall and thus dense
vegetation like Tropical Evergreen forest near Equator.
30. • Q7. Explain various factors for the distribution of plants and
animals in an area.
• A7. The various factors for distribution of plants and animals
are as follows:
• 1.Land: In mountainous, plateau and plain the vegetation is
different. { Plain area is used for agriculture, grassland and
woodland develop over mountainous areas and give shelter to
variety of wild life}
• 2.Soil: Soil provide basis for growth of different types of
vegetation.{Sandy soils provide growth of cactus and thorns,
deltaic soils support mangrove vegetation}
• 3. Temperature: on the basis of temperature ,vegetation is
different. Tropical vegetation in areas with temperature above
24°C, Sub-Tropical in areas with temperature 17°C to 24°C,
Temperate vegetation in areas with temperature 7°C to 17°C
and Alpine vegetation in areas with temperature below 7°C.