A disaster is defined as a sudden event that severely disrupts a community's ability to function. Disasters can be caused by natural hazards like earthquakes, floods, hurricanes or drought. Natural disasters are classified as geophysical, hydrological, climatological, meteorological or biological based on their cause. Some key natural hazards covered are earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, avalanches, floods, extreme temperatures, drought, tropical storms and wildfires. Each hazard is described in terms of its causes, impacts and warning times. Mitigating and preparing for these various natural disasters poses challenges for emergency response.
A disaster is a serious disruption, occurring over a relatively short time, of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental loss and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.
A disaster is a serious disruption, occurring over a relatively short time, of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental loss and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.
Tornado Presentation , Formation of tornado , Causes , Types , Mitigation of ...Chandan Pradhan
Tornado is a violently rotating columns of air that extent form thunderstorm to the ground.
It is also called twister .
it can take various shape with the wind direction.
Tornado Presentation , Formation of tornado , Causes , Types , Mitigation of ...Chandan Pradhan
Tornado is a violently rotating columns of air that extent form thunderstorm to the ground.
It is also called twister .
it can take various shape with the wind direction.
This ppt explained what is disaster and what are the common types of disaster. Then it explains the natural disasters like Flood, earthquake, tsunami, drought, landslides, heat & cold waves, thunderstorm etc....
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
2. What is a disaster
A disaster is a sudden, calamitous event that
seriously disrupts the functioning of a
community or society and causes human,
material, and economic or environmental losses
that exceed the community’s or society’s ability
to cope using its own resources. Though often
caused by nature, disasters can have human
origins.
3. Types of natural disasters
1) Geophysical: earthquakes, landslides,
tsunamis and volcanic activity
2) Hydrological: avalanches and floods
3) Climatological: extreme temperatures,
drought and wildfires
4) Meteorological: cyclones and storms/ wave
surges
5) Biological: disease epidemics and
insect/animal plagues
4. Earthquakes
Earthquakes are the result of forces deep within the earth's
interior. Sudden break within the upper layers of the earth,
sometimes breaking the surface, resulting in the vibration of
the ground, which where strong enough will cause the collapse
of buildings and destruction of life and property. They strike
with no early warning and can be devastating, but after a
major one, aftershocks may be as strong as a new earthquake.
Earthquakes usually happens along a fault plate, the border
between plates.
Earthquakes often trigger landslides, tidal waves and tsunamis.
Earthquakes are measured according to the Richter scale - the
most devastating effects are seen on level 6 and above, and if
the epicentre of the earthquake is located in highly populated
areas. Earthquakes can cause high numbers of deaths and
injuries as well as serious destruction of buildings and
infrastructure.
5.
6. Landslides
A landslide is the movement of soil or rock
controlled by gravity and the speed of the
movement usually ranges between slow and
rapid, but not very slow. It can be superficial
or deep, but the materials have to make up a
mass that is a portion of the slope or the
slope itself. The movement has to be
downward and outward with a free face.
The term landslide is used in its broad sense
to include downward and outward movement
of slope forming materials (natural rock and
soil). It is caused by heavy rain, soil erosion
and earth tremors and may also happen in
areas under heavy snow
Landslides are difficult to estimate as an
independent phenomenon. It seems
appropriate, therefore, to associate landslides
with other hazards such as tropical cyclones,
severe local storms and river floods.
Rockfall refers to quantities of rock or
stone falling freely from a cliff face. It
is caused by undercutting,
weathering or permafrost
degradation.
Subsidence is the motion of the
Earth's surface as it shifts downward
relative to a datum (e.g. the sea
level). Subsidence (dry) can be the
result of: geological faulting, isostatic
rebound, human impact (e.g. mining,
extraction of natural gas) etc.
Mass movement describes a quantity
of debris/land/snow or ice that slides
down a mountainside under the force
of gravity. It often gathers material
that is underneath the snowpack like
soil, rock etc (debris avalanche).
7. Tsunami
A tsunami is a series of waves
caused by a rapid displacement of
a body of water (ocean, lake). The
waves are characterised by a very
long wavelength and their
amplitude is much smaller
offshore. The impact in coastal
areas can be very destructive as
the waves advance inland and can
extend over thousands of
kilometers. Triggers of a tsunami
can earthquakes, volcanic eruption,
mass movements, meteorite
impacts or underwater explosions.
The Japanese term for this
phenomenon "tsunami" ("Wave in
the port" in Japanese) , which is
observed mainly in the Pacific, has
been adopted for general usage.
8. Volcanic eruptions
Volcanic eruptions happen when lava and gas
are discharged from a volcanic vent. The most
common consequences of this are population
movements as large numbers of people are
often forced to flee the moving lava flow.
Volcanic eruptions often cause temporary
food shortages and volcanic ash landslides
called Lahar.
The most dangerous type of volcanic eruption
is referred to as a 'glowing avalanche'. This is
when freshly erupted magma forms hot
pyroclastic flow which have temperatures of
up to 1,200 degrees. The pyroclastic flow is
formed from rock fragments following a
volcanic explosion , the flow surges down the
flanks of the volcano at speeds of up to
several hundred kilometres per hour, to
distances often up to 10km and occasionally
as far as 40 km from the original disaster site.
9. Avalanches
Subsidence (wet) can be the result of: karst,
changes in soil water saturation, permafrost
degradation (thermokarst) etc.
Rockfall refers to quantities of rock or stone
falling freely from a cliff face. It is caused by
undercutting, weathering or permafrost
degradation.
Avalanche describes a quantity of snow or ice
that slides down a mountainside under the force
of gravity. It occurs if the load on the upper snow
layers exceeds the bonding forces of the entire
mass of snow. It often gathers material that is
underneath the snowpack like soil, rock etc
(debris avalanche).
10. FloodsGeneral floods can be predicted
in advance, except in the case of
flash floods. The impact of
flooding can include destruction
of housing, crops, cattle and
people. Floods pose specific
challenges for emergency
response as sometimes vast areas
of land are covered with water,
making coordination very difficult.
Flash floods are sudden and
extreme volume of water that
flow rapidly and cause inundation.
Because of its rapid nature flash
floods are difficult to forecast and
give people little time to escape
or to take food and other
essentials with them.
11. Extreme
temperaturesA heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively
hot and sometimes also humid weather relative to
normal climat patterns of a certain region.
Heat kills by pushing the human body beyond its
limits. In extreme heat and high humidity,
evaporation is slowed and the body must work
extra hard to maintain a normal temperature.
Most heat disorders occur because the victim has
been overexposed to heat or has over-exercised for
his or her age and physical condition. Older adults,
young children, and those who are sick or
overweight are more likely to succumb to extreme
heat.
Conditions that can induce heat-related illnesses
include stagnant atmospheric conditions and poor
air quality. Consequently, people living in urban
areas may be at greater risk from the effects of a
prolonged heat wave than those living in rural
areas. Also, asphalt and concrete store heat longer
and gradually release heat at night, which can
produce higher nighttime temperatures known as
the "urban heat island effect."
A cold wave can be both a prolonged
period of excessively cold weather and
the sudden invasion of very cold air over
a large area. Along with frost it can cause
damage to agriculture, infrastructure,
property. Cold waves, heavy snowfall
and extreme cold can immobilize an
entire region. Even areas that normally
experience mild winters can be hit with a
major snowstorm or extreme cold.
Winter storms can result in flooding,
storm surge, closed highways, blocked
roads, downed power lines and
hypothermia.
12. Drought
Drought is an insidious phenomenon. Unlike
rapid onset disasters, it tightens its grip over
time, gradually destroying an area. In severe
cases, drought can last for many years and
have a devastating effect on agriculture and
water supplies.
Drought is defined as a deficiency of rainfall
over an extended period – a season, a year or
several years – relative to the statistical multi-
year average for the region. Lack of rainfall
leads to inadequate water supply for plants,
animals and human beings. A drought may
result in other disasters: food insecurity,
famine, malnutrition, epidemics and
displacement of populations.
Rural communities can sometimes cope with
one or two successive rain failures and crop or
livestock losses: the situation becomes an
emergency when people have exhausted all
their purchasing resources, food stocks, assets
and normal coping mechanisms.
13. Meteorological disasters
Tropical storms, cyclones, hurricanes and typhoons, although named differently, describe the
same disaster type. The system is referred to as a "cyclone" in the Indian Ocean and and South
Pacific, "hurricane" in the Western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific and "typhoon" in the Western
Pacific.
Hurricanes and typhoons are the same storm types as "tropical cyclones" (the local name for
storms which originate in the Caribbean and China Sea region respectively). A tropical cyclone is
a non-frontal storm system that is characterized by a low pressure center, spiral rain bands and
strong winds. Usually it originates over tropical or subtropical waters and rotates clockwise in
the southern hemisphere and counter-clockwise in the northern hemisphere. The system is
fueled by heat released when moist air rises and the water vapor it contains condenses.
Therefore the water temperature must be >27 °C. Cyclones, hurricanes and typhoons can be
predicted several days in advance. The onset is extensive and often very destructive. These
disasters are usually more destructive than floods. First, in a sudden, brief onslaught, high winds
cause major damage to infrastructure and housing, in particular fragile constructions. They are
generally followed by heavy rains and floods and, in flat coastal areas, by tidal waves.
In the case of cyclones, accurate landfall predictions can give only a few hours' notice to
threatened populations. In addition, people generally opt to wait until the very last minute
before abandoning their home and possessions. Deaths from drowning in the high tides and
sudden flooding and material losses are therefore often very high.
14. This is the end. Thank you
for attention.
P.S. be careful.