Natural disasters are extreme events caused by environmental factors that damage property and harm people. They include geological events like landslides, earthquakes, and sinkholes; hydrological events like floods, flash floods, and tsunamis; and meteorological events like cyclonic storms, blizzards, heat waves, and tornadoes. Some of the worst natural disasters in India have been the 1998 Malpa landslide, 1999 Odisha cyclone, 2001 Gujarat earthquake, 2002 Indian heat wave, 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, 2007 Bihar floods, 2005 Mumbai floods, 2010 Eastern Indian storm, 2013 Uttarakhand flash floods, and 2013 Maharashtra drought.
A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that extends from a thunderstorm to the ground. They form where warm moist air meets cold dry air and can reach wind speeds over 300 mph. Most tornadoes last less than 10 minutes and cause extreme damage due to their high winds.
The document provides information about various natural disasters including earthquakes, tornadoes, landslides, volcanoes, floods, droughts, hurricanes, famines, tsunamis, forest fires and cyclones. It defines each disaster and provides some key details and examples of significant events for some of the disasters.
Natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, floods and droughts can occur when natural hazards like seismic activity or extreme weather events negatively impact human lives and property. Earthquakes in particular generate seismic waves that are measured on the Richter scale and can trigger secondary events like tsunamis or landslides. Major historical earthquakes include the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami that killed over 200,000 people. Other natural hazards like hurricanes, tornadoes, volcanoes and floods can also lead to loss of life and damage when they interact with vulnerable human systems. Droughts cause problems like hunger, wildfires and disease through lack of water over an extended period.
Cyclones are large-scale rotating air masses that form around low-pressure centers. They are characterized by inward spiraling winds and can cause heavy rainfall, strong winds, landfalls, and tornadoes. There are several types of cyclones including tropical cyclones that form over oceans in summer, hurricanes and typhoons being tropical cyclones, and polar cyclones that occur in polar regions in winter. Tropical cyclones are categorized from 1 to 5 based on their intensity and wind speeds.
Exogenous hazards originate above the earth's surface and include atmospheric, hydrospheric, and lithospheric disasters. Atmospheric disasters occur in the atmosphere and include droughts, rainfall, snowfall, winds, and hailstorms. Hydrospheric disasters are related to water and include wave currents, tsunamis, and floods. Lithospheric hazards occur near the earth's surface and are made up of landslides, weathering, erosion, avalanches, and sinkholes.
Endogenous hazards such as earthquakes and volcanoes are caused by processes inside the Earth. Earthquakes occur along fault lines as tectonic plates shift and release built-up pressure. The magnitude is measured by the Richter scale. Volcanoes form at plate boundaries as magma works its way to the surface. There are different types of volcanoes classified by their shape that can have explosive or effusive eruptions. Plate tectonics theory explains how the movement of plates causes earthquakes and volcanic activity at plate boundaries.
A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that extends from a thunderstorm to the ground. They form where warm moist air meets cold dry air and can reach wind speeds over 300 mph. Most tornadoes last less than 10 minutes and cause extreme damage due to their high winds.
The document provides information about various natural disasters including earthquakes, tornadoes, landslides, volcanoes, floods, droughts, hurricanes, famines, tsunamis, forest fires and cyclones. It defines each disaster and provides some key details and examples of significant events for some of the disasters.
Natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, floods and droughts can occur when natural hazards like seismic activity or extreme weather events negatively impact human lives and property. Earthquakes in particular generate seismic waves that are measured on the Richter scale and can trigger secondary events like tsunamis or landslides. Major historical earthquakes include the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami that killed over 200,000 people. Other natural hazards like hurricanes, tornadoes, volcanoes and floods can also lead to loss of life and damage when they interact with vulnerable human systems. Droughts cause problems like hunger, wildfires and disease through lack of water over an extended period.
Cyclones are large-scale rotating air masses that form around low-pressure centers. They are characterized by inward spiraling winds and can cause heavy rainfall, strong winds, landfalls, and tornadoes. There are several types of cyclones including tropical cyclones that form over oceans in summer, hurricanes and typhoons being tropical cyclones, and polar cyclones that occur in polar regions in winter. Tropical cyclones are categorized from 1 to 5 based on their intensity and wind speeds.
Exogenous hazards originate above the earth's surface and include atmospheric, hydrospheric, and lithospheric disasters. Atmospheric disasters occur in the atmosphere and include droughts, rainfall, snowfall, winds, and hailstorms. Hydrospheric disasters are related to water and include wave currents, tsunamis, and floods. Lithospheric hazards occur near the earth's surface and are made up of landslides, weathering, erosion, avalanches, and sinkholes.
Endogenous hazards such as earthquakes and volcanoes are caused by processes inside the Earth. Earthquakes occur along fault lines as tectonic plates shift and release built-up pressure. The magnitude is measured by the Richter scale. Volcanoes form at plate boundaries as magma works its way to the surface. There are different types of volcanoes classified by their shape that can have explosive or effusive eruptions. Plate tectonics theory explains how the movement of plates causes earthquakes and volcanic activity at plate boundaries.
An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is is the shaking of the surface of the Earth, resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in size from those that are so weak that they cannot be felt to those violent enough to the people around and destroy whole cities.
Natural disasters such as cyclones, earthquakes, tornadoes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, floods, landslides, droughts, waterspouts and wildfires are some of the most damaging hazards that can occur. Cyclones have strong rotating winds and develop over warm ocean waters, while earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust. Tornadoes are violently rotating columns of air that can reach wind speeds over 300 mph. Volcanic eruptions violently eject lava, ash and gases from volcanic vents. Tsunamis are large sea waves caused by underwater seismic events that can flood coastal areas.
This document discusses environmental hazards such as earthquakes and volcanoes. It defines earthquakes as sudden movements caused by faults or volcanic activity. Earthquake waves are categorized into body waves (P and S waves) and surface waves (Love and Rayleigh waves). Volcanoes form when magma rises from the earth's crust and erupts. Volcanic eruptions can be effusive or explosive depending on gas and viscosity levels. Monitoring seismic activity, ground deformation, and gas outputs provides signs of impending volcanic eruptions. Volcanic flows also pose hazards, though spraying water can help slow them.
This document discusses different types of natural disasters such as floods, tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and thunderstorms. It provides definitions and examples of each type of disaster. Earthquakes are described as causing shaking and ground displacement due to slippage within geological faults. Tsunamis are defined as a series of waves caused by displacement of water, often due to earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, which can have waves up to 30 meters high. Flooding is defined as an overflow of water that submerges normally dry land.
The document defines and describes four natural calamities: earthquake, tornado, tsunami, and flood. Earthquakes are sudden violent ground shaking caused by crustal or volcanic movements. Tornadoes are destructive rotating funnel clouds under large storms. Tsunamis are large sea waves caused by earthquakes or other disturbances. Floods occur when rivers receive excess water from rain or disasters, causing overflow onto surrounding land.
The document provides information about natural disasters, specifically earthquakes and tropical cyclones. It defines earthquakes and tropical cyclones, describes their causes and effects, and lists measures to minimize damage. For example, it explains that earthquakes are caused by plate tectonic movement and can cause infrastructure damage, while tropical cyclones derive energy from warm ocean waters and can bring strong winds and flooding to coastal areas.
disaster are the man made or natural activity which may cause considerable loss within a short period of time and require external agency to overcome effects
This document provides information about different types of natural disasters including earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions, cyclones, and tornados. Pictures are included to illustrate each type of disaster. It discusses the causes and impacts of each disaster type, such as building collapse, fires, and damage to infrastructure from earthquakes or volcanic ash. Statistics are given showing most natural catastrophes in 2012 were weather related, with over $170 billion in total costs. The document concludes with potential ways to prevent impacts of natural disasters like famine.
about the formation and causes and impacts of the cyclone formation in the earth. and cyclone formed in the INDIA region whole about the briefly explained about cyclone
The document discusses different types of natural disasters:
1) Natural disasters include geologic events like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, and tsunamis that can cause loss of life and property damage.
2) Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are specifically examined, with earthquakes measured by magnitude and volcanoes causing destruction through eruption, lava, ash, and mudflows.
3) Other natural disasters mentioned include blizzards, cyclonic storms like hurricanes, droughts, heat waves, tornadoes, which can all have severe impacts on populations and economies depending on their strength and location.
The document defines and describes different types of natural and man-made disasters. It discusses how natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, cyclones, floods, droughts, tsunamis and wildfires are caused by natural processes that disrupt the environment. Man-made disasters include nuclear disasters, chemical disasters, terrorism, accidents, building collapses, civil unrest and fire accidents, which are caused by human activities and negligence. Specific examples of different disaster types are provided.
A disaster is a serious disruption, occurring over a relatively short time, of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental loss and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.
1) A natural disaster is defined as a natural hazard that causes significant financial and human losses through its impact on the environment. Examples include floods, earthquakes, tsunamis, and epidemics.
2) Natural disasters occur when natural hazards intersect with vulnerabilities in human systems. Major causes are seismic activity, soil erosion, and the greenhouse effect.
3) Natural disasters can be categorized as either hydrometeorological, involving atmospheric/hydrological phenomena like floods and storms, or geological, involving earthquakes, tsunamis and landslides.
Local responses to cyclone disastersexperiences from indiaShubham Agrawal
This presentation discusses cyclones as natural disasters that impact India. It provides an introduction and outline, defines natural disasters and the types of natural disasters including cyclones. It discusses cyclones in India, their impacts, and management approaches. Specific details are given about cyclones in India from the Annual Disaster Statistical Review 2016. Maps show the occurrences, deaths, and people affected by natural disasters in Southern Asia including India in 2016. The conclusion emphasizes the need for accurate forecasting and awareness to reduce cyclone damage, while recommendations focus on early warning systems, disaster risk reduction, and private sector participation.
Natural disasters include earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, cyclones, floods, droughts, tornadoes, and tsunamis. They are caused by shifts in the Earth's crust or severe weather events and can seriously disrupt communities. While often natural in origin, human activities may exacerbate some disasters by increasing their frequency or severity. Understanding the causes of different disasters may help mitigate their harmful impacts.
The document defines and describes different types of natural disasters:
1. Natural disasters are occurrences that cause damage, loss of life, and deterioration of health on a scale that requires outside assistance. They include meteorological events like cyclones and tornadoes, topographical events like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, and environmental events.
2. Some of the worst natural disasters in history include the 1970 Bhola cyclone that killed 500,000 people, the 1960 Chile earthquake with a magnitude of 9.5 that killed 6,000, and the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami that caused 230,210-280,000 deaths.
3. Unusual natural disasters mentioned include firenadoes, which are
Natural disasters are major adverse events caused by natural processes of the Earth and can include floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis and other geologic events. They often result in loss of life, property damage and economic losses depending on a population's ability to recover. Some examples of specific natural disasters are tsunamis, caused by displacement of water; earthquakes, which release energy in the Earth's crust; and floods, which occur when water overflows land that is usually dry.
Rare events are events that occur with low or high frequency, and the term is often used in particular reference to infrequent or hypothetical events that have potentially widespread impact and which might destabilize society. Rare events encompass natural phenomena (major earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, floods, asteroid impacts, solar flares, etc.).
Natural disasters are the result of natural hazards like floods, earthquakes, volcanoes, hurricanes or wildfires. They can cause damage through volcanic eruptions which release hot lava and ash. Earthquakes create giant shock waves that move towards the surface, sometimes splitting the ground apart. Floods occur when heavy rain or snow melt causes rivers to overflow their banks. Natural disasters have significant environmental, financial and human impacts.
Natural hazards and disaster,types,mitigation and managementkamal brar
This document provides an introduction to natural hazards and discusses several specific types of hazards including earthquakes, tsunamis, and tropical cyclones. It explains that a geohazard involves an earth process interacting with human activity to cause loss of life or property. Understanding the human element is critical because population growth is increasing the number of people living in hazard-prone areas. While the geological processes cannot be stopped, efforts can be made to mitigate hazards through scientific study, education, engineering practices, and emergency management. Specific natural hazards like earthquakes, tsunamis, and tropical cyclones are then examined in more detail including how they form and the damage they can cause.
The document categorizes and describes 10 types of natural disasters: cyclones, earthquakes, tornadoes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, floods, wildfires, droughts, avalanches, and landslides. It provides examples of some of the largest or deadliest instances of each type of natural disaster, such as the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake triggering a tsunami that killed 230,000-280,000 people, and the 1887 Yellow River flood in China that killed around 900,000 people. The document aims to outline different categories of natural disasters and provide an overview of their characteristics and impacts.
This document provides an overview of various natural disasters including cyclones, earthquakes, tornados, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, floods, wildfires, droughts, avalanches, and landslides. It describes each type of disaster and provides one or two illustrative examples, such as the deadliest tornado occurring in Bangladesh in 1989 or the largest flood being the Yellow River flood in China in 1887. The document aims to educate about different natural disasters and their impacts.
An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is is the shaking of the surface of the Earth, resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in size from those that are so weak that they cannot be felt to those violent enough to the people around and destroy whole cities.
Natural disasters such as cyclones, earthquakes, tornadoes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, floods, landslides, droughts, waterspouts and wildfires are some of the most damaging hazards that can occur. Cyclones have strong rotating winds and develop over warm ocean waters, while earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust. Tornadoes are violently rotating columns of air that can reach wind speeds over 300 mph. Volcanic eruptions violently eject lava, ash and gases from volcanic vents. Tsunamis are large sea waves caused by underwater seismic events that can flood coastal areas.
This document discusses environmental hazards such as earthquakes and volcanoes. It defines earthquakes as sudden movements caused by faults or volcanic activity. Earthquake waves are categorized into body waves (P and S waves) and surface waves (Love and Rayleigh waves). Volcanoes form when magma rises from the earth's crust and erupts. Volcanic eruptions can be effusive or explosive depending on gas and viscosity levels. Monitoring seismic activity, ground deformation, and gas outputs provides signs of impending volcanic eruptions. Volcanic flows also pose hazards, though spraying water can help slow them.
This document discusses different types of natural disasters such as floods, tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and thunderstorms. It provides definitions and examples of each type of disaster. Earthquakes are described as causing shaking and ground displacement due to slippage within geological faults. Tsunamis are defined as a series of waves caused by displacement of water, often due to earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, which can have waves up to 30 meters high. Flooding is defined as an overflow of water that submerges normally dry land.
The document defines and describes four natural calamities: earthquake, tornado, tsunami, and flood. Earthquakes are sudden violent ground shaking caused by crustal or volcanic movements. Tornadoes are destructive rotating funnel clouds under large storms. Tsunamis are large sea waves caused by earthquakes or other disturbances. Floods occur when rivers receive excess water from rain or disasters, causing overflow onto surrounding land.
The document provides information about natural disasters, specifically earthquakes and tropical cyclones. It defines earthquakes and tropical cyclones, describes their causes and effects, and lists measures to minimize damage. For example, it explains that earthquakes are caused by plate tectonic movement and can cause infrastructure damage, while tropical cyclones derive energy from warm ocean waters and can bring strong winds and flooding to coastal areas.
disaster are the man made or natural activity which may cause considerable loss within a short period of time and require external agency to overcome effects
This document provides information about different types of natural disasters including earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions, cyclones, and tornados. Pictures are included to illustrate each type of disaster. It discusses the causes and impacts of each disaster type, such as building collapse, fires, and damage to infrastructure from earthquakes or volcanic ash. Statistics are given showing most natural catastrophes in 2012 were weather related, with over $170 billion in total costs. The document concludes with potential ways to prevent impacts of natural disasters like famine.
about the formation and causes and impacts of the cyclone formation in the earth. and cyclone formed in the INDIA region whole about the briefly explained about cyclone
The document discusses different types of natural disasters:
1) Natural disasters include geologic events like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, and tsunamis that can cause loss of life and property damage.
2) Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are specifically examined, with earthquakes measured by magnitude and volcanoes causing destruction through eruption, lava, ash, and mudflows.
3) Other natural disasters mentioned include blizzards, cyclonic storms like hurricanes, droughts, heat waves, tornadoes, which can all have severe impacts on populations and economies depending on their strength and location.
The document defines and describes different types of natural and man-made disasters. It discusses how natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, cyclones, floods, droughts, tsunamis and wildfires are caused by natural processes that disrupt the environment. Man-made disasters include nuclear disasters, chemical disasters, terrorism, accidents, building collapses, civil unrest and fire accidents, which are caused by human activities and negligence. Specific examples of different disaster types are provided.
A disaster is a serious disruption, occurring over a relatively short time, of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental loss and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.
1) A natural disaster is defined as a natural hazard that causes significant financial and human losses through its impact on the environment. Examples include floods, earthquakes, tsunamis, and epidemics.
2) Natural disasters occur when natural hazards intersect with vulnerabilities in human systems. Major causes are seismic activity, soil erosion, and the greenhouse effect.
3) Natural disasters can be categorized as either hydrometeorological, involving atmospheric/hydrological phenomena like floods and storms, or geological, involving earthquakes, tsunamis and landslides.
Local responses to cyclone disastersexperiences from indiaShubham Agrawal
This presentation discusses cyclones as natural disasters that impact India. It provides an introduction and outline, defines natural disasters and the types of natural disasters including cyclones. It discusses cyclones in India, their impacts, and management approaches. Specific details are given about cyclones in India from the Annual Disaster Statistical Review 2016. Maps show the occurrences, deaths, and people affected by natural disasters in Southern Asia including India in 2016. The conclusion emphasizes the need for accurate forecasting and awareness to reduce cyclone damage, while recommendations focus on early warning systems, disaster risk reduction, and private sector participation.
Natural disasters include earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, cyclones, floods, droughts, tornadoes, and tsunamis. They are caused by shifts in the Earth's crust or severe weather events and can seriously disrupt communities. While often natural in origin, human activities may exacerbate some disasters by increasing their frequency or severity. Understanding the causes of different disasters may help mitigate their harmful impacts.
The document defines and describes different types of natural disasters:
1. Natural disasters are occurrences that cause damage, loss of life, and deterioration of health on a scale that requires outside assistance. They include meteorological events like cyclones and tornadoes, topographical events like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, and environmental events.
2. Some of the worst natural disasters in history include the 1970 Bhola cyclone that killed 500,000 people, the 1960 Chile earthquake with a magnitude of 9.5 that killed 6,000, and the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami that caused 230,210-280,000 deaths.
3. Unusual natural disasters mentioned include firenadoes, which are
Natural disasters are major adverse events caused by natural processes of the Earth and can include floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis and other geologic events. They often result in loss of life, property damage and economic losses depending on a population's ability to recover. Some examples of specific natural disasters are tsunamis, caused by displacement of water; earthquakes, which release energy in the Earth's crust; and floods, which occur when water overflows land that is usually dry.
Rare events are events that occur with low or high frequency, and the term is often used in particular reference to infrequent or hypothetical events that have potentially widespread impact and which might destabilize society. Rare events encompass natural phenomena (major earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, floods, asteroid impacts, solar flares, etc.).
Natural disasters are the result of natural hazards like floods, earthquakes, volcanoes, hurricanes or wildfires. They can cause damage through volcanic eruptions which release hot lava and ash. Earthquakes create giant shock waves that move towards the surface, sometimes splitting the ground apart. Floods occur when heavy rain or snow melt causes rivers to overflow their banks. Natural disasters have significant environmental, financial and human impacts.
Natural hazards and disaster,types,mitigation and managementkamal brar
This document provides an introduction to natural hazards and discusses several specific types of hazards including earthquakes, tsunamis, and tropical cyclones. It explains that a geohazard involves an earth process interacting with human activity to cause loss of life or property. Understanding the human element is critical because population growth is increasing the number of people living in hazard-prone areas. While the geological processes cannot be stopped, efforts can be made to mitigate hazards through scientific study, education, engineering practices, and emergency management. Specific natural hazards like earthquakes, tsunamis, and tropical cyclones are then examined in more detail including how they form and the damage they can cause.
The document categorizes and describes 10 types of natural disasters: cyclones, earthquakes, tornadoes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, floods, wildfires, droughts, avalanches, and landslides. It provides examples of some of the largest or deadliest instances of each type of natural disaster, such as the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake triggering a tsunami that killed 230,000-280,000 people, and the 1887 Yellow River flood in China that killed around 900,000 people. The document aims to outline different categories of natural disasters and provide an overview of their characteristics and impacts.
This document provides an overview of various natural disasters including cyclones, earthquakes, tornados, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, floods, wildfires, droughts, avalanches, and landslides. It describes each type of disaster and provides one or two illustrative examples, such as the deadliest tornado occurring in Bangladesh in 1989 or the largest flood being the Yellow River flood in China in 1887. The document aims to educate about different natural disasters and their impacts.
This ppt explained what is disaster and what are the common types of disaster. Then it explains the natural disasters like Flood, earthquake, tsunami, drought, landslides, heat & cold waves, thunderstorm etc....
Disasters and types of disasters. Natural disasters such as floods, cyclone,earthquake,tsunami,volcano and so on. these are caused naturally. man made disasters like oil spills and gas leaks. These are caused due to human activity.
- Natural disasters are events caused by natural hazards like floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and heat waves. They can cause financial losses, environmental damage, and loss of human life depending on a population's resilience and ability to prevent hazards.
- Common natural disasters include avalanches caused by accumulated snow and ice, earthquakes from seismic activity in the Earth's crust, volcanic eruptions from gas release or thermal contraction in volcanoes, and floods from overflowing bodies of water. Other disasters are droughts, tornadoes, heat waves, blizzards, and potential asteroid or comet impacts.
This document defines and provides examples of natural disasters. It explains that natural disasters are large changes in the environment that can damage land and threaten lives. Examples of natural disasters given include volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, cyclones, avalanches, floods, droughts, and forest fires. For each disaster type, a brief explanation is provided of its causes and impacts.
This document defines natural disasters and provides examples. It explains that natural disasters are large changes in the environment caused by weather or geological events that can damage land and threaten lives. Examples of natural disasters given include volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, cyclones, avalanches, floods, droughts, and forest fires. Details are then provided about the causes and impacts of some of these specific disaster types.
Natural disasters are major changes in the Earth that can cause damage through volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, cyclones, avalanches, floods, droughts, and fires. Volcanic eruptions occur when gas and lava burst through openings in the Earth's crust due to pressure from deep inside. Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates beneath the surface. Cyclones are powerful, rotating storms that can uproot trees and damage buildings. Avalanches involve snow, ice, and rock rapidly moving down mountains. Floods result from overflowing rivers caused by heavy rain or snowmelt. Drought is a prolonged lack of rain that can last for years. Forest and bush fires start
Natural disasters are major changes in the Earth that can cause damage through volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, cyclones, avalanches, floods, droughts, and fires. The document defines each type of natural disaster, explaining that volcanic eruptions occur when gas and lava burst through the Earth's crust due to underground pressure. Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates, while cyclones involve fierce circulating winds. Avalanches happen when snow, ice, and rock slide down mountains rapidly. Floods result from overflowing rivers and coastal flooding. Drought is a prolonged lack of rain, and fires can burn out of control in forests or bushlands.
Natural disasters are major events that can damage the land or threaten human lives. They include volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, cyclones, avalanches, floods, droughts, and forest fires. Volcanic eruptions occur when gas, ash, and molten rock burst from openings in the Earth's crust due to underground pressure. Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates deep below the surface. Cyclones, hurricanes, typhoons, and tornadoes are powerful rotating storms with high winds that can destroy buildings and uproot trees.
This document discusses different types of natural disasters. It categorizes natural disasters into geological, hydrological, meteorological, wildfires, health, and space disasters. For each category, it provides examples and descriptions of specific disaster types. Geological disasters include avalanches, landslides, earthquakes, sinkholes, and volcanic eruptions. Hydrological disasters include floods, limnic eruptions, and tsunamis. Meteorological disasters include blizzards, cyclonic storms, droughts, thunderstorms, hailstorms, heat waves, and tornadoes. Health disasters refer to epidemics and pandemics. Space disasters include airbursts and solar flares. In summary, the document provides a
This document defines and provides examples of different types of natural disasters. It explains that natural disasters are major changes in the environment caused by weather or geological events that can damage land and threaten lives. The document then lists and briefly describes several specific natural disasters: volcanic eruptions caused by pressure below the Earth's surface; earthquakes from movement of tectonic plates; cyclones/hurricanes that bring high winds and flooding; avalanches that move snow and rock rapidly down mountains; floods from overflowing rivers and coastal flooding; droughts characterized by extended lack of rain; and forest/bush fires ignited by lightning or human carelessness.
This document defines and describes different types of natural disasters:
Volcanic eruptions occur when pressure builds up inside the Earth, forcing molten rock and gas out of openings in the crust. Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates deep underground, sending shock waves to the surface. Cyclones/hurricanes are large rotating storms that form over warm ocean waters and bring high winds and flooding rains inland. Other natural disasters mentioned include avalanches, floods, droughts, and forest/bush fires. Each hazard is briefly explained in terms of its causes and impacts.
This document discusses various natural disasters connected to water. It defines floods as an overflow of water that submerges land, usually due to excessive water in a river, lake, or from heavy rainfall. Drought is defined as an extended period without sufficient water supply. Earthquakes result from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that causes seismic waves. Volcanic eruptions occur when a volcano actively releases lava and gases. Tsunamis are large ocean waves caused by earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic eruptions displacing water. Hurricanes are large storm systems that form over warm ocean waters and bring strong winds and rain.
This document defines and describes several types of natural disasters:
Volcanic eruptions occur when pressure forces magma up through a volcano's conduit. Earthquakes are caused by the sudden movement of tectonic plates. Floods happen when heavy rainfall or melting snow causes water levels in rivers and lakes to rise over land. The document also discusses avalanches, droughts, forest fires, hurricanes, lightning strikes, and tsunamis, explaining the causes and impacts of each type of natural disaster.
A natural disaster is the effect of a natural hazard that negatively impacts the environment and human lives. Common natural disasters include earthquakes, which occur along fault lines as tectonic plates release stress and cause shaking; monsoons, seasonal wind patterns in Asia and Africa that bring heavy rains; volcanoes, which form from magma below the earth's surface erupting; tsunamis, large ocean waves caused by underwater seismic activity; hurricanes, powerful tropical storms over the Atlantic Ocean; tornadoes, fast-spinning funnel-shaped storms; and floods, excessive water overflowing normal confines from heavy rain or overflowing rivers. Natural disasters often cause damage through vibrations, winds, rains, lava, waves or
Natural disasters include earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, cyclones, floods, droughts, tornadoes, and tsunamis. Earthquakes result from the sudden movement of tectonic plates, causing shock waves that damage buildings and infrastructure. Volcanic eruptions eject lava and ash, destroying structures and harming health. Cyclones are rotating low-pressure systems that include hurricanes and typhoons, consisting of an eye, eye wall, and rain bands. Floods occur when bodies of water overflow their boundaries, submerging land. Droughts are prolonged periods of unusually dry weather that harm crops and reduce water supply. Tornadoes are violently rotating columns of air that extend from thunderstorms
Global hazards can be classified into different types: hydro-meteorological hazards result from weather systems, geophysical hazards from tectonic processes, and context hazards affect the entire planet. Global warming is a context hazard that could increase the frequency and severity of other hazards like floods and droughts by altering global climate patterns. Vulnerability to hazards depends on factors like poverty, infrastructure, and emergency preparedness - developing nations tend to be more vulnerable due to lower response capacity. Reducing vulnerability and increasing coping ability are important for reducing overall disaster risk.
This document defines and describes various natural disasters including volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, cyclones, monsoons, avalanches, floods, droughts, forest fires, tsunamis, and electrical storms. It explains that natural disasters are caused by natural hazards like floods, earthquakes, or hurricanes. The document then provides details on the causes and effects of each type of disaster, noting that they can damage infrastructure, harm the environment, and negatively impact humans.
This document describes various geologic hazards such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides. It defines key terms and processes associated with these hazards, such as tephra, pyroclastic flows, lahars, liquefaction, and ground shaking. It also notes that the Philippines is highly susceptible to natural disasters due to its location along the Ring of Fire, and experiences many deadly typhoons, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions that negatively impact people and the environment.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
4. Landslide
• A landslide is defined as the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down
a slope. Landslides are a type of "mass wasting," which denotes any down-
slope movement of soil and rock under the direct influence of gravity.
• The term "landslide" encompasses five modes of slope movement: falls,
topples, slides, spreads, and flows.
• These are further subdivided by the type of geologic material bedrock, debris,
or earth. Debris flows (commonly referred to as mudflows or mudslides) and
rock falls are examples of common landslide types.
• Almost every landslide has multiple causes. Slope movement occurs when
forces acting down-slope (mainly due to gravity) exceed the strength of the
earth materials that compose the slope. Causes include factors that increase
the effects of down-slope forces and factors that contribute to low or reduced
strength.
• Landslides can be initiated in slopes already on the verge of movement by
rainfall, snowmelt, changes in water level, stream erosion, changes in
ground water, earthquakes, volcanic activity, disturbance by human
activities, or any combination of these factors.
• Earthquake shaking and other factors can also induce landslides underwater.
These landslides are called submarine landslides. Submarine landslides
sometimes cause tsunamis that damage coastal areas.
5.
6. o The major areas affected by landslides in India are divided mainly in
following regions as landslide-prone areas in India. These are based on
landslide hazard zonation:
• The Western Himalayas (in states
of Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal,
Himachal Pradesh and Jammu &
Kashmir)
• The Eastern & North-eastern
Himalayas (in states of West
Bengal, Sikkim and Arunachal
Pradesh)
• The Naga-Arakkan Mountain belt
(in states of Nagaland, Manipur,
Mizoram and Tripura)
• The Western Ghats region including
Nilgiris (in states of Maharashtra,
Goa, Karnataka, Kerala & Tamil
Nadu)
• The Plateau margins of the
Peninsular India and Meghalaya
plateau in North-east India.
7. Earthquakes
• Earthquake, any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage
of seismic waves through Earth’s rocks. Seismic waves are produced when
some form of energy stored in Earth’s crust is suddenly released, usually
when masses of rock straining against one another suddenly fracture and
“slip.” Earthquakes occur most often along geologic faults, narrow zones
where rock masses move in relation to one another. The major fault lines of
the world are located at the fringes of the huge tectonic plates that make
up Earth’s crust.
8. o Effects of earthquakes
• Earthquakes have varied effects,
including changes in geologic
features, damage to man-made
structures, and impact on human
and animal life. Most of these
effects occur on solid ground, but,
since most earthquake foci are
actually located under the ocean
bottom, severe effects are often
observed along the margins of
oceans.
9.
10. Sinkholes
• Sinkholes are cavities in the ground that form when water erodes an underlying
rock layer.
• Two types of sinkholes exist. One forms when the roof of a cave collapses and
exposes the underground cavern. The second type forms when water dissolves
the rock underneath soil and creates an underground chasm. Without rock to
support it, the soil layer collapses and creates a hole on the surface.
• Sinkholes have both natural and human causes.Manmade sinkholes are
created when city development compromises the structural integrity of
underlying rock. Roads, buildings, and other types of construction may cause
water to collect in certain areas and wash away the supporting rock layer
(especially at low sea levels and after a heavy rainfall).
12. Floods
• A flood is loosely defined as river discharge exceeding bankfull limitations. It is
also considered a temporary rise of the water level, as in a river or lake or along
a seacoast or wetland, resulting in its spilling over and out of its natural or
artificial confines onto land that is normally dry.
• Effects of Floods:
• Agricultural lands are destroyed due to crops being submerged in water. This
causes a lot of economic loss to farmers.
• They wreck houses, particularly kuccha houses in the villages.
• They cause disruption of all transport and communication.
• There is shortage of drinking water.
• They harm human, animal and plant life.
• They cause a rise in epidemics because of waterlogging. Malaria and diarrhoea
are common diseases during floods.
• They cause decay of organic matter, leading to growth of infection-spreading
germs.
• They affect the ecosystem in a negative way.
• They cause a lot of harm to the economy of the region.
13.
14. Flash flood
• A flash flood is a rapid
flooding of low-lying areas:
washes, rivers, dry lakes
and depressions. It may
be caused by heavy rain
associated with a severe
thunderstorm, hurricane,
tropical storm, or
meltwater from ice or
snow flowing over ice
sheets or snowfields.
Flash floods may occur
after the collapse of a
natural ice or debris dam,
or a human structure such
as a man-made dam.
15. Tsunami
• A tsunami is a series of ocean waves that sends surges of water, sometimes
reaching heights of over 100 feet (30.5 meters), onto land. These walls of
water can cause widespread destruction when they crash ashore.
• These awe-inspiring waves are typically caused by large, undersea
earthquakes at tectonic plate boundaries. When the ocean floor at a plate
boundary rises or falls suddenly, it displaces the water above it and launches
the rolling waves that will become a tsunami.
18. Cyclonic storms
• cyclone is a large scale air mass that rotates around a strong center of low
atmospheric pressure.Cyclones are characterized by inward spiraling winds that
rotate about a zone of low pressure.
19. Blizzard
A blizzard is a severe snowstorm characterized by strong sustained winds of at
least 56 km/h (35 mph) and lasting for a prolonged period of time-typically three
hours or more. A ground blizzard is a weather condition where snow is not falling
but loose snow on the ground is lifted and blown by strong winds.
20. Cold waves
A cold wave is a weather phenomenon that is distinguished by a cooling of the air. A
cold wave is a rapid fall in temperature within a 24 hour period. The precise
criterion for a cold wave is determined by the rate at which the temperature falls,
and the minimum to which it falls. This minimum temperature is dependent on the
geographical region and time of year. Usually cold waves are measured by the
difference from the normal temperature. Cold waves generally are capable of
occurring at any geological location and are formed by large cool air masses that
accumulate over certain regions, caused by movements of air streams. Cold waves
affect much larger areas than blizzards, ice storms, and other winter hazards.
21. Heat waves
• heatwave, period of prolonged abnormally high surface temperatures relative to
those normally expected. Heat waves may span several days to several weeks
and are significant causes of weather-related mortality, affecting developed and
developing countries alike.
22. Drought
Drought is a continuous period of dry weather, when an area gets less than its
normal amount of rain, over months or even years. Crops and other plants need
water to grow, and animals need it to live.
23. Thunderstorms
• Thunderstorms are small, intense weather systems that make strong winds,
heavy rain, lightning, and thunder. Thunderstorms can happen anywhere with
two conditions: the air near the Earth's surface must be warm and moist, and the
atmosphere must be unstable.
24. Tornadoes
• A tornado is "a violently rotating column of air, in contact with the ground, either
pendant from a cumuliform cloud or underneath a cumuliform cloud, and often
(but not always) visible as a funnel cloud". For a vortex to be classified as a
tornado, it must be in contact with both the ground and the cloud base.
25. 1998 Malpa Landslide
Heavy rainfall caused, Malpa landslide was one of worst landslides in India, at village Malpa in Pithoragarh of
Uttarkhand. Around 380 people were killed when massive landslides washed the entire village along with
Hindu pilgrims of Kailash Mansarovar yatra.
1999 Odisha Cyclone
The 1999 Odisha cyclone also known as super cyclone 05B was the most deadliest tropical cyclone in the
Indian Ocean and most destructive Indian storm since 1971. It caused almost deaths of 15,000 people and
made heavy to extreme damage.
2001 Gujarat Earthquake
The massive earthquake occurred on India’s 51st Republic Day on January 26, 2001 at Bhachau Taluka of
Kutch District of Gujarat. Gujarat earthquake had a magnitude of between 7.6 and 7.7 and killed around
20,000 people.
2002 Indian Heat Wave
India’s heat wave in 2002 at south region killed more than 1000 people, Most of the deaths occurred in state
of Andhra Pradesh. The heat was so intense that birds fell from the sky, ponds and rivers dried up.
2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami
The Indian Ocean earthquake and Tsunami occurred in 2004 at the west coast of Sumatra, killing over
230,000 people in fourteen countries. Indian Ocean Tsunami was one of the deadliest natural disasters in
history of India.
Major natural disasters of India
26. 2007 Bihar Flood
The 2007- 2008 Bihar flood are listed as the worst hit flood in the living memory of Bihar in last 30 years.
Bihar is India’s most flood-prone State, a recurring disaster appears annual basis and destroys thousands of
human lives apart from livestock and assets worth millions.
2005 Mumbai Catastrophes
The 2005 Maharashtra floods was occurred just one month after the June 2005 Gujarat floods, Mumbai the
capital city was most badly affected and witnessed one of its worst catastrophes in the history of India, killing
at least 5,000 people.
2010 Eastern Indian Storm
The Eastern Indian storm was a severe storm struck parts of eastern Indian states,spanning for 30–40
minutes. At least 91 people died in Indian states and Over 91,000 dwellings were destroyed and partially
damaged.
2013 Maharashtra Drought
Drought-in-Maharashtra
Maharashtra state was affected by the region’s worst drought in 40 years,worst-hit areas are Jalna, Jalgaon
and Dhule are also affected by the famine. Millions of people in Maharashtra are at serious risk of hunger
after two years of low rainfall in the region.
2013 Uttarakhand Flash Floods
kedarnath-Disastrous Floods
On June 2013 Uttarakhand received heavy rainfall,massive Landslides due to the large flashfloods, it
suffered maximum damage of houses and structures, killing more than 1000 people, sources claimed the
death toll could be rise up to 5000. Uttarakhand Flash Floods is the most disastrous floods in the history of
India.