This document discusses India's national population policy and population control measures. The key points are: - India introduced its first national population policy in 1976 which aimed to reduce population growth rates. The latest policy from 2000 aims to stabilize the population by 2045. - The objectives of the 2000 policy are to address unmet needs for family planning services by 2010, achieve replacement fertility rates by 2010, and stabilize the population by 2045 in a sustainable manner. - The policy outlines goals for 2010 like reducing infant and maternal mortality, increasing access to education and healthcare, and promoting the small family norm of two children or less. It aims to decentralize planning and use various social and economic development strategies to influence population growth

1. NATIONAL POULATION POLICY,
POPULATION PROGRAMME,
POPULATION CONTROL
STEPHI POULOSE
1ST YEAR MSC NURSING
GOVT.COLLEGE OF NURSING
ALAPPUZHA

2. NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY
Population policy in general refers to policies intended to
the reduce birth rate or growth rate.
In April 1976, India formed its first national population
policy.
In 1977, it was modified.
National population policy 2000 is the latest in this series.

3. NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY
The National Health Policy approved by
the parliament in 1983 had set the long
term demographic goals of achieving a
Net Reproductive Rate (NRR) of one by
the year 2000 (which was not achieved).

4. OBJECTIVES
The immediate objective
To address the unmet needs for contraception, health
care infrastructure, and health personnel
To provide integrated service delivery for basic
reproductive and child health care.

5. OBJECTIVES
The medium-term objective
 To bring the TFR to replacement levels by 2010, through
vigorous implementation of inter-sectorial operational
strategies.

6. OBJECTIVES
The long-term objective
 To achieve a stable population by 2045, at a level
consistent with the requirements of sustainable
economic growth, social development, and
environmental protection.

7. National Socio-Demographic Goals for 2010
 Address the unmet needs for basic reproductive and child
health services, supplies and infrastructure.
 Make school education up to age 14 free and compulsory, and
reduce drop outs at primary and secondary school levels to
below 20 percent for both boys and girls.
 Reduce infant mortality rate to below 30/1000 live births.

8. National Socio-Demographic Goals for 2010
 Reduce maternal mortality ratio to below 100/100,000 live births.
 Achieve universal immunization of children against all vaccine
preventable diseases
 Promote delayed marriage for girls, not earlier than age 18 and
preferably after 20 years of age.
 Achieve 80% institutional deliveries and 100%deliveries by trained
persons

9. National Socio-Demographic Goals for 2010
 Achieve universal access to information/counseling, and services for
fertility regulation and contraception with a wide basket of choices.
 Achieve 100% registration of births, deaths, marriage and pregnancy.
 Contain the spread of AIDS, and promote greater integration between the
management of RTI and STI and the National AIDS Control
Organization.

10. National Socio-Demographic Goals for 2010
 Prevent and control communicable diseases.
 Integrate Indian Systems of Medicine (ISM) in the provision of
reproductive and child health services, and in reaching out to
households.
 Promote vigorously the small family norm to achieve replacement
levels of TFR.

11. National Socio-Demographic Goals for 2010
 Bring about convergence in implementation of
related social sector programs so that family
welfare becomes a people centered programme.

12. STRATEGIC THEMES
 Decentralized Planning and Programme Implementation
 Convergence of Service Delivery at Village Levels
 Empowering Women for Improved Health and Nutrition
 Child Health and Survival
 Meeting the Unmet Needs for Family Welfare Services

13. STRATEGIC THEMES
 Under-Served Population Groups
(a) Urban Slums
(b) Tribal Communities, Hill Area Populations and Displaced and
Migrant Populations
(c) Adolescents
(d) Increased Participation of Men in Planned Parenthood

14. STRATEGIC THEMES
 Diverse Health Care Providers
 Collaboration With and Commitments from NGOs and the Private Sector
 Mainstreaming Indian Systems of Medicine and Homeopathy
 Contraceptive Technology and Research on Reproductive and Child Health
 Providing for the Older Population
 Information, Education, and Communication

15. LEGISLATION
Prenatal
diagnostic
technique
(regulation and
prevention
act)1994
Medical
termination of
pregnancy
act,1971

16. LEGISLATION
The constitution(79
Amendment) Bill,1992
The Constitution (42
Amendment) Bill,1971

17. NEW STRUCTURES
Technology
Mission in the
Department of
Family Welfare
Coordination
Cell in the
Planning
Commission
State / UT
Commissions on
Population
National
Commission on
Population

18. FUNDING

19. PROMOTIONAL AND MOTIVATIONAL MEASURES FOR ADOPTION OF THE
SMALL FAMILY NORM
 Panchayats and Zila Parishads will be rewarded and honored for exemplary
performance in universalizing the small family norm, achieving reductions in infant
mortality and birth rates, and promoting literacy with completion of primary
schooling.
 The Balika Samridhi Yojana run by the Department of Women and Child
Development, to promote survival and care of the girl child, will continue.
 Maternity Benefit Scheme run by the Department of Rural Development will
continue.

20. PROMOTIONALAND MOTIVATIONAL MEASURES FOR
ADOPTION OF THE SMALL FAMILY NORM
 A Family Welfare-linked Health Insurance Plan will be established.
 Couples below the poverty line, who marry after the legal age of marriage,
register the marriage, have their first child after the mother reaches the age
of 21, accept the small family norm, and adopt a terminal method after the
birth of the second child, will be rewarded.
 A revolving fund will be set up for income-generating activities by village-
level self help groups, who provide community-level health care services

21. PROMOTIONALAND MOTIVATIONAL MEASURES FOR ADOPTION OF
THE SMALL FAMILY NORM
 Creches and child care centres will be opened in rural
areas and urban slums.
 A wider, affordable choice of contraceptives will be
made accessible at diverse delivery points.
 Facilities for safe abortion will be strengthened and
expanded.

22. PROMOTIONALAND MOTIVATIONAL MEASURES FOR
ADOPTION OF THE SMALL FAMILY NORM
 Products and services will be made affordable through
innovative social marketing schemes.
 Local entrepreneurs at village levels will be provided
soft loans and encouraged to run ambulance services.
 Increased vocational training schemes for girls,

23. PROMOTIONALAND MOTIVATIONAL MEASURES FOR ADOPTION OF
THE SMALL FAMILY NORM
 Strict enforcement of Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1976.
 Strict enforcement of the Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act,
1994.
 Soft loans to ensure mobility of the ANMs will be increased.
 The 42nd Constitutional Amendment has frozen the number of
representatives in the Lok Sabha (on the basis of population) at
1971 Census levels.

24. IMPLEMENTATION OF POPULATION POLICY
The emphasis of PP 2000
The PP 2000 emphasizes on
 People centered approach
 Decentralize planning and implementation through panchayats and
nagarpalikas.
 Integrated package for health. MCH and family planning.

25. IMPLEMENTATION OF POPULATION
POLICY
 Informed choice of contraceptives.
 Concerns for gender issues.
 Focus on undeserved population groups and
adolescents.
 Community participation with increased participation
of men in planned family and parenthood

26. Impact of NPP 2000
If NPP is fully implemented, it is anticipated a population of
1107 million in 2010, instead of 1162 million projected by the
Technical Group on Population Projections.

27. Year Crude birth
rate
Infant
mortality rate
Total fertility
rate
1997 27.2 71 3.3
1998 26.4 72 3.3
2002 23 50 2.6
2010 21 30 2.1
Projections of crude birth rate, infant mortality rate
and TFR if the NPP is fully implemented.

28. POPULATION
CONTROL

29. POPULATION CONTROL
Non birth control
measures
( social welfare
measures)
Birth control
measures
( family planning
methods)

30. NON BIRTH CONTROL MEASURES
 Raising age at marriage
Under child marriage restraint act, 1978, minimum age at
marriage has been fixed to 18 years for girls and 21 years
for boys

31. NON BIRTH CONTROL MEASURES
 Eradicating illiteracy( raising the literacy level)
 Establishment of anganwadi and balwadi centres.
 Enrollment of all children, specially female children for primary
education.
 Retention of enrolled children.
 Reducing the drop-out rate from the schools by continuous promotion
up to SSLC.
 Establishment of primary schools at the rate of 1 for every 200 children.
 Encouraging adult literacy.

32. NON BIRTH CONTROL MEASURES
 Improvement of economic status
 By sanctioning loans for education, agricultural activities,
home industries etc.
 By encouraging self-employment programs.
 By encouraging job oriented training courses( Jawahar
Rozgar Yojana)

33. NON BIRTH CONTROL MEASURES
 Raising the housing standards
 By allotment of free site to the poor.
 By sanctioning of house- loans. ( Indira Awas Yojana)

34. NON BIRTH CONTROL MEASURES
 Improving the status of women.
 By giving equal opportunities and equal salary to women.
 By information, education and communication (IEC) activities.
 Adopting two child norm:
by massive educational campaign.
 Improving the quality of health services:
specially maternal and child health services.

35. BIRTH CONTROL MEASURES
 FAMILY PLANNING
An expert Committee (7977) of the WHO defined family planning
as "a way of thinking and living that is adopted voluntarily, upon
the basis of knowledge, attitudes and responsible decisions by
individuals and couples, in order to promote the health and
welfare of the family group and thus contribute effectively to the
social development of a country"

36. FAMILY PLANNING
Another Expert Committee (28) defined and described family planning as
follows: "Family planning refers to the practices that help individuals or couples
to attain certain objectives:
(a) To avoid unwanted births
(b) To bring about wanted births
(c) To regulate the intervals between pregnancies
(d) To control the time at which births occur in relation to the ages of the parent
and
(e) To determine the number of children in the family.

37. SCOPE OF FAMILY PLANNING
SERVICES
(1) The proper spacing and limitation of births.
(2) Advice on sterility,
(3) Education for parenthood.
(4) Sex education
(5) Screening for pathological conditions related to the
reproductive system (e.g., cervical cancer).
(6) Genetic counselling,

38. SCOPE OF FAMILY PLANNING
SERVICES
(7) Premarital consultation and examination.
(8) Carrying out pregnancy tests,
(9) Marriage counselling
(10) The preparation of couples for the arrival of their first child,
(11) Providing services for unmarried mothers.
(12) teaching home economics and nutrition.
(13) Providing adoption services.

39. HEALTH ASPECTS OF FAMILY
PLANNING
Women's health
 Maternal mortality, morbidity of women of child-bearing age, nutritional
status (weight changes, Hemoglobin level, etc.) preventable
complications of pregnancy and abortion.
Fetal health
 Fetal mortality (early and late fetal death); abnormal development.
Infant and child health
 Neonatal, infant and pre-school mortality, health of the infant at birth
(birth weight), Vulnerability to diseases)

40. CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS
TEMPORARY(SPACING)
BARRIER METHODS
INTRAUTERINE
DEVICES
HORMONAL
POST CONCEPTIONAL
MISCELLANEOUS
PERMANENT( TERMINAL)
MALE STERILIZATION
FEMALE STERILIZATION

41. NATIONAL FAMILY WELFARE
PROGRAMME
 India launched a nation-wide family planning programme in
1952, making it the first country in the world to do so, though
records show that birth control clinics have been functioning
in the country since 1930.
 The early beginnings -: the programme were modest with
the establishment of a few clinics and distribution of
educational material, training and research

42. NATIONAL FAMILY WELFARE PROGRAMME
 During the Third Five Year Plan (1961-66). Family planning was
declared as "the very centre of planned development". The
emphasis was shifted from the purely 'clinic approach" to the more
vigorous "extension education approach" for motivating the people
for acceptance of the 'small family norm".
 The introduction of the Lippes Loop in 1965 necessitated a major
structural reorganization of the programme, leading to the creation
of a separate Department of Family Planning in 1966 in the Ministry
of Health.

43. NATIONAL FAMILY WELFARE
PROGRAMME
 During the years 1966-1969, the programme took firmer roots.
The family planning infrastructure (e.g., primary health centres,
subcentres, urban family planning centres, district and State
bureaus) was strengthened.
 During the Fourth Five Year Plan (1969-74), the Govt. of India
gave "top priority" to the programme. The Programme was
made an integral part of MCH activities of PHCs and their
subcentres.

44. NATIONAL FAMILY WELFARE
PROGRAMME
 In 1970, an All India Hospital Postpartum Programme and in
1972, the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) act were
introduced.
 During the Fifth Five Year Plan (1975-80) there have been
major changes.
 In April 1976, the country framed its first National Population
Policy". The disastrous forcible sterilization campaign of
1976 led to the Congress defeat in the I977 election.

45. NATIONAL FAMILY WELFARE PROGRAMME
 In June 1977, the new (Janata) Government that came into power
formulated a new population policy, ruling out compulsion and coercion
for all times to come. The Ministry of Family Planning was renamed '
Family Welfare".
 Although the performance of the programme was low during 1977-78, it
was a good year in as much as the programme moved into new
healthier directions. The 42nd Amendment of the Constitution has made
"Population control and Family Planning" a concurrent subject, and this
provision has been made effective from January 1977.

46. NATIONAL FAMILY WELFARE
PROGRAMME
 The launching of the Rural Health Scheme in 1977 and the
involvement of the local people (e.g., Health Guides, trained Dais.
Opinion leaders) in the family welfare programme at the grass-root
level were aimed at accelerating the pace of progress of the
programme.
 India was a signatory to the Alma Ata Declaration in 1,978. The
acceptance of the primary health care approach to the
achievement of HFA/2000 AD led to the formulation of a National
Health Policy in 1982.

47. NATIONAL FAMILY WELFARE
PROGRAMME
 The Sixth and Seventh Five Year Plans were accordingly
set to achieve these goals.
 The Universal Immunization Programme aimed at
reduction in mortality and morbidity among infants and
younger children due to vaccine preventable diseases was
started in the year 1985 - 86.
 The oral rehydration therapy was also started in view of
the fact that diarrhea was a leading cause of death among
children

48. NATIONAL FAMILY WELFARE
PROGRAMME
 Various other programmes under MCH were also
implemented during the Seventh Five Year Plan. The
objective of all these programmes were convergent and
aimed at improving the health of the mothers and young
children, and to provide them facilities for prevention and
treatment of major diseases.
 During 1992 these programmes were integrated under
Child Survival and Safe Motherhood (CSSM) Programme

49. NATIONAL FAMILY WELFARE
PROGRAMME
 The process of integration of related programmes initiated
was taken a step further during 1994 when the International
Conference on Population and Development in Cairo
recommended implementation of Unified Reproductive and
Child Health Programme (RCH).
 Accordingly, during Ninth Five Year Plan the RCH Programme
integrates all the related programmes of the Eighth Five Year
Plan. The concept of RCH is to provide need based, client
oriented, demand driven, high quality integrated services

50. NATIONAL FAMILY WELFARE
PROGRAMME
 The Government of India evolved a more detailed and
comprehensive National Population Policy 2000
 It can be seen that from a modest sum of 0.65 crores
during the first plan, the investment has reached a
colossal amount of Rs. 136,147 crores during the
Eleventh Plan period.

51. Organization of family health services
At central level
An officer of
Mass media and
Communication
Special
secretary and
joint secretary
The secretary to
the government
of India
Department of family
welfare created in 1966
in the central ministry of
health and family
welfare.

52. Organization of family health services
At the state level
 It consists of a Family welfare Bureau and it is
a part of State health and family welfare
Directorate.
 One Family welfare cell has been sanctioned
for each state to coordinate activities between
the central and state government

53. Organization of family health services
At the District level
 It consists of a district Family Welfare Bureau
headed by district family Welfare Officer, Mass
education and media division, in charge of
District Mass education and an Media officer
and an evaluation division in charge of a
statistical officer.

54. Organization of family health services
At the District level
1083 urban family welfare centres and 871 urban
health posts.
4 types of urban health posts.
 Type A : population less than 5000
 Type B : population between 5000 -10000
 Type C : population between 10000-25000
 Type A : population between 25000-50000

55. Organization of family health services
At the District level
Three types of Urban Family Welfare Centres.
 Type I : Population between 10,000-25,000.
 Type II : population between 25,000-50,000.
 Type III : population above 50,000

56. Organization of family health services
At the Community Health Centre level
 Four medical specialists and 21 para medical
staff.
 It provides emergency obstetric care, full
range of family planning services.

57. Organization of family health services
At the Primary Health Centre level

58. POST PARTUM PROGRAMME
An All India Hospital Postpartum Programme (AIHPP) was introduced
in 1969.
It is a hospital-based, maternity centred approach to family planning.
The primary objective of the postpartum programme is to improve the
health of the mother and children through MCH and Family Welfare
programme which includes antenatal, neonatal, and postnatal
services; immunization services to children and mothers; and
prophylaxis against anemia and blindness.