national population policy 2000

1. National
Population Policy
2000
Submitted by: Ms. Seema Rani
Associate professor
RCON, JH
Submitted on: Ms. Arushi Negi
M.Sc. Nursing II year
RCON, JH

2. Introduction
Currently the India’s population is at 1.4 billion.
India has achieved replacement level fertility, with as many as 31
States/Union Territories reaching a Total Fertility Rate of 2.1 or
less.

3. DEFINITION
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Population policy in general refers to policies
intended to decrease the birth rate or growth rate.
Statement of goals, objectives and targets are
inherent in the population policy.

4. History
In April 1976 India formed its first "National Population Policy".
It increased the legal minimum age of marriage from 15 to 18 for
females, and from 18 to 21 years for males.
New policy statement reiterated the importance of the small family
norm without compulsion.
The National Health Policy had set the long-term demographic
goals of achieving a Net Reproductive Rate (NRR) of one by the
year 2000 (which was not achieved).
"National Population Policy 2000" is the latest in this series.
It reaffirms the commitment of the government towards target free
approach in administering family planning services.
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5. NPP 2000
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1.Women
educatio
n
2.Empowe
ring
women for
improved
health and
nutrition
3.Child
survival
and
health
4.The
unmet
needs for
family
welfare
services
5.Health
care for the
under-
served
population
groups like
urban slums,
tribal
community
6.Adolesc
ent's
health and
education
7.Increase
d
participatio
n of men
in planned
parenthoo
d
8.Collabor
ation with
NGOS.
The new NPP 2000 is more than just a matter of fertility and mortality rates.• It deals with:

6. Objectives
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Immediate Objectives - To address the
unmet needs for contraception, health care
infrastructure and health personnel and to
provide integrated service delivery for basic
reproductive and child health care.
Medium-term Objective - To bring the TFR
to replacement level by 2010, through
vigorous implication of intersectoral
operational strategies.
Long-term Objective -To achieve a stable
population by 2045, at a level consistent
with the requirements of sustainable
economic growth, social development and
environmental protection.

7. SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC GOALS
• Address the unmet needs for basic RCH services, supplies and infrastructure
.
• Make school education up to the age 14 free and compulsory, and reduce
drop out at primary and secondary level to below 20% for both boys and
girls.
• Reduce infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 live births
• Reduce maternal mortality ratio to below 100 per 100,000 live births
• Achieve universal immunization of children against all vaccine preventable
diseases.
• Promote delayed marriage for girls, not earlier than the age of 18, preferably
after 20 years of age.
• Achieve 80% of institutional deliveries and 100% deliveries by trained
persons.
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8. • Achieve universal access to information/counseling, and services for
fertility regulation and contraception with a wide basket of choices.
• Achieve 100% registration of birth, death and pregnancy.
• Contain the spread of AIDS and promote greater integration between the
management of RTI, STI and the NACO.
• Prevent and control communicable diseases.
• Integrate Indian System Of Medicine in the provision of RCH services
and in reaching out to households.
• Promote vigorously the small family norm to achieve replacement level of
TFR.
• Bring about convergence in implementation and related social sector
programs so that family welfare becomes a people centered program.
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9. 9

10. On-going interventions:
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More
emphasis
on
Spacing
methods
like IUCD.
Availabilit
y of Fixed
Day Static
Services
at all
facilities.
A rational
human
resource
development
plan is in
place for
provision of
IUCD,
minilap and
NSV to
empower the
facilities.
Quality
care in
Family
Planning s
ervices by
establishin
g Quality
Assurance
Committee
s.
Improving
contracepti
ves supply
manageme
nt.
Demand
generation
activities in
the form of
display of
posters,
billboards
in the
various
facilities.

11. 11
National Family
Planning
Indemnity
Scheme’ (NFPI
S) under which
clients are
insured in the
eventualities of
deaths,
complications
and failures
following
sterilization.
Compensati
on
scheme for
sterilization
acceptors
Increasing
male
participatio
n and
promotion
of Non
Scalpel
Vasectomy.
Emphasis
on Miniap
Tubectomy
services
because of
its logistical
simplicity
and
requirement
of only
MBBS
doctors
Accreditatio
n of more
private/NG
O facilities
to increase
the provider
base for
family
planning
services
under PPP.
Strong
political will
and
advocacy
at the
highest
level,
especially,
in States
with high
fertility
rates.

12. 1.Scheme for Home delivery of contraceptives by ASHAs at doorstep of
beneficiaries
2. Scheme for ASHAs to ensure spacing in births:
Under this scheme, services of ASHAs to be utilised for counselling newly married
couples to ensure delay of 2 years in birth after marriage and couples with 1 child to
have spacing of 3 years after the birth of 1st child.
ASHAs are to be paid the following incentives under the scheme:-
a. Rs. 500/- to ASHA for ensuring spacing of 2 years after marriage.
b. Rs. 500/- to ASHA for ensuring spacing of 3 years after the birth of 1st child.
c. Rs. 1000/- in case the couple opts for a permanent limiting method up to 2 children
only.
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13. 3. Boost to spacing methods by introduction of new method PPIUCD
4. Introduction of the new device - Cu IUCD 375
5. Emphasis on Postpartum Family Planning (PPFP) services with
introduction of PPIUCD and promotion of minilap as the main mode of
providing sterilisation to capitalise on the huge cases coming in for
institutional delivery under JSY.
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14. 6. Compensation for sterilisation acceptors has been enhanced for 11 High Focus
States with high TFR.
7. Compensation scheme for PPIUCD under which the service provider as well as the
ASHAs who escorts the clients to the health facility for facilitating the IUCD insertion are
compensated.
8. Scheme for provision of pregnancy testing kits at the sub-centres as well as in the
drug kit of the ASHAs to facilitate the early detection and decision making
9. RMNCH Counselors availability at the high case facilities to ensure counseling of the
clients visiting the facilities.
10. Celebration of World Population Day 11th July & Fortnight: The event is
observed over a month long period for mobilization/sensitization followed by a fortnight of
assured family planning service delivery and has been made a mandatory activity.
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15. 11. FP 2020- Family Planning Division is working on the
national and state wise action plans.The key commitments of
FP 2020 are as under :
• Increasing financial commitment on Family Planning whereby
India commits an allocation of 2 billion USD from 2012 to
2020.
• Ensuring access to family planning services to 48 million
additional women by 2020 (40% of the total FP 2020 goal).
• Sustaining the coverage of 100 million (10 crore) women
currently using contraceptives.
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16. Population Stabilization Fund has adopted the following strategies as a population control
measure:-
• Prerna Strategy:- JSK has launched this strategy for helping to push up the age of
marriage of girls and delay in first child and spacing in second child the birth of children
in the interest of health of young mothers and infants.
• Santushti Strategy:- Under this strategy, Jansankhya Sthirata Kosh, invites private
sector gynaecologists and vasectomy surgeons to conduct sterilization operations in
Public Private Partnership mode.
• National Helpline: - JSK also running a call centers for providing free advice on
reproductive health, family planning, maternal health and child health etc. Toll free no.
is 1800116555.
• Advocacy & IEC activities:- JSK as a part of its awareness and advocacy efforts on
population stabilization, has established networks and partnerships with other
ministries, development partners, private sectors, corporate and professional bodies
for spreading its activities .
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17. Decentralized Planning and Program Implementation
• The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments Act, 1992, made health,
family welfare, and education a responsibility of village panchayats.
• However, in order to realize their potential, they need strengthening by
further delegation of administrative and financial powers, including
powers of resource mobilization.
Convergence of Service Delivery at Village Levels
• If we direct an integrated package of essential services at village and
household levels.
• Inadequacies in the existing health infrastructure have led to gaps.
• Health care centers are over-burdened and struggle to provide services
with limited personnel and equipment. 17

18. • Absence of supportive supervision, lack of training in interpersonal
communication, and lack of motivation to work in rural areas.
• The service should reach at door step by universalize coverage and
outreach of ante-natal, natal and postnatal health care.
• An equipped maternity hut in each village should be set up to serve as a
delivery room, with functioning midwifery kits, basic medication for
essential obstetric aid, and indigenous medicines and supplies for
maternal and new born care
• A key feature of the integrated service delivery will be the registration at
village levels, of births, deaths, marriage, and pregnancies.
• Each village should maintain a list of community midwives and trained
birth attendants, village health guides, panchayat sewasahayaks, primary
school teachers and anganwadi workers who may be entrusted with
various responsibilities in the implementation of integrated service
delivery.
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19. 19
Empowering Women for Improved Health and
Nutrition
• Discriminatory childcare leads to malnutrition and impaired physical
development of the girl child.
• Undernutrition and micronutrient deficiency in early adolescence.
• Interventions for improving women's health and nutrition are critical for
poverty reduction.
• Avoid early childbearing, and consequent risk of serious pregnancy
related complications.
• Women's risk of premature death and disability is highest during their
reproductive years.
• Malnutrition, frequent pregnancies, unsafe abortions, RTI and STI, all
combine to keep the maternal mortality ratio in India among the
highest globally.

20. 20
Child Health and Survival
• High mortality and morbidity among infants and children below 5
years occurs on account of inadequate care, asphyxia during birth,
premature birth, low birth weight, acute respiratory infections,
diarrhea, vaccine preventable diseases, malnutrition and
deficiencies of nutrients, including Vitamin A.
• Our priority is to intensify neonatal care. A National Technical
Committee should be set up, consisting principally of consultants in
obstetrics, pediatrics (neonatologists), family health, medical
research and statistics from among academia, public health
professionals, clinical practitioners and government.
• Its terms of reference should include prescribing perinatal audit
norms, developing quality improvement activities with monitoring
schedules and suggestions for facilitating provision of continuing
medical and nursing education to all perinatal health care
providers.

21. 21
Meeting the Unmet Needs for Family
Welfare Services
• It is important to strengthen, energize and make
accountable the cutting edge of health infrastructure
at the village, subcenter and primary health center
levels, to improve facilities for referral transportation,
to encourage and strengthen local initiatives for
ambulance services at village and block levels, to
increase innovative social marketing schemes for
affordable products and services and to improve
advocacy in locally relevant and acceptable dialects.

22. 22
Under-Served Population Groups
Urban Slums
• Nearly 100 million people live in urban slums, with little or no access to potable water, sanitation
facilities, and health care services.
• This contributes to high infant and child mortality, which in tum perpetuate high TFR and maternal
mortality.
• Coordination with municipal bodies for water, sanitation and waste disposal must be pursued,
Tribal Communities, Hill Area Populations and Displaced and Migrant
Populations
• In general, populations in remote and low density ares do not have adequate access to affordable
health care services.
• Tribal populations often have high levels a morbidity arising from poor nutrition, particularly in
situations where they are involuntarily displaced or resettled.
• Frequently, they have low levels of literacy, coupled with high infant, child, and maternal mortality.

23. 23
Adolescents
• The needs of adolescents, including protection from unwanted pregnancies and
sexually transmitted diseases (STD), have not been specifically addressed in the
past. Programs should encourage delayed marriage and child-bearing, and
education of adolescents about the risks of unprotected sex.
• Reproductive health services for adolescent girls and boys are especially essential
in rural India.
Diverse Health Care Providers
• It is imperative to increase the number and diversify the categories of health care
provides.
• Ways of doing this include accrediting private medical practitioners and assigning
them to defined beneficiary groups to provide these services;
• Revival of the system of licensed medical practitioner who, after appropriate
certification from the Indian Medical Association (MA), could provide specified
clinical services.

24. 24
Collaboration with NGOs and Private Sector
• We need to put in place a partnership of non government voluntary
organizations, the private corporate sector, government and the
community.
• However despite their obvious potential, mobilizing the private
(profit and nonprofit) sector to serve public health goals raises
governance issues of contracting, accreditation regulation, referral,
besides the appropriate division of labor between the public and
private health providers, all of which need to be addressed
carefully.
• Where government interventions at capacities are insufficient, and
the participation of the private sector unviable, focused service
delivery by NGOs may effectively complement government efforts.

25. 25
Mainstreaming Indian Systems of
Medicine
• Utilization of ISMH in basic reproductive and child
health care will expand the pool of effective health
care providers, optimize utilization of locally based
remedies and cures, and promote low cost health
care.
• Guidelines need to be evolved to regulate and
ensure standardization, efficacy and safety of
ISMH drugs for wider entry into national markets.

26. 26
Contraceptive Technology and Research
on Reproductive and Child Health
• Government must constantly advance, encourage, and
support medical, social science, demographic and
behavioral science research on maternal, child and
reproductive health care issues.
• Consultation and frequent dialogue by Government
with existing network of academic and research
institutions in allopathy and ISMH, and with other
relevant public and private research institutions
engaged in social science, demography and behavioral
research must continue.

27. 27
Providing Care for the Older Population
• Improved life expectancy is leading to an increase
in the absolute number and proportion of persons
aged 60 years
• When viewed in the context of significant
weakening of traditional support systems, the
elderly are increasingly vulnerable, needing
protection and care.
• Promoting old age health care and support will help
to reduce burden of the society and develop a
healthy successful aging.

28. 28
Information, Education, and Communication
• Information, education and communication (IEC) of family
welfare messages must be clear, focused and disseminated
everywhere, including the remote corners of the country,
and in local dialects.
• On the model of the total literacy campaigns which have
successfully mobilized local populations, there is need to
undertake a massive national campaign on population
related issues.

29. • The NPP 2000 is to be largely implemented and managed at panchayat
and nagarpalika levels, in coordination with the concerned state/Union
Territory administrations.
• This will require comprehensive and multisectoral coordination of planning
and implementation between health and family welfare on the one hand,
along with schemes for education, nutrition, women and child development,
safe drinking water, sanitation, rural roads, communications, transportation,
housing, forestry development, environmental protection, and urban
development.
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30. Accordingly, the following structures are recommended:
National Commission on Population
• It presided over by the Prime Minister, will have the Chief Ministers of all
states and UTs, and the Central Minister in charge of the Department of
Family Welfare and other concerned Central Ministries and Departments
and NGOs as members.
Aims
• To review, monitor and give directions for the implementation of the National
Population Policy.
• To promote synergy between demographic, educational, environmental and
developmental programs.
• To promote intersectoral coordination in planning and implementation.
• First Meeting-23rd July 2005: Survey of all District to identify the weakness
in health care delivery system.
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31. 31
State Population
Commission
• Each state and UT may consider
having a State/UT Commission on
Population, presided over by the
Chief Minister, on the analogy of
the National Commission, to
likewise oversee and review
implementation of the NPP 2000 in
the states/UTs.
Coordination Cell in the
Planning Commission
• The Planning Commission will have
a Coordination Cell for intersectoral
coordination between Ministries for
enhancing performance, particularly
in States/ UTs needing special
attention on account of adverse
demographic and human
development indicators.
Technology Mission in the
Department of Family Welfare
• To enhance performance, particularly in
states with currently below average
sociodemographic indices that need
focused attention, a Technology Mission
in the Department of Family Welfare will
be established to provide technology
support in respect of design and
monitoring of projects and programs for
reproductive and child health, as well as
for IC campaigns.

32. Promotional and Motivational Measures
• Panchayat and Zilla Parisads will be rewarded and honored for exemplary performance
in achieving the above laid goals
• For maternal benefit- Rs. 500 is rewarded to mother who have delivered after 19 yr of
age
• Health insurance plan for the couple with BPI who under gone sterilization not less than 2
children will get insurance of Rs. 5000
• Establishment of self-help group at village level
• Opening of creche at rural and urban slum
• Local entrepreneur at village level will be provided soft loan for provision of Ambulance
services
• Vocational scheme for girl child
• Strict enforcement of child marriage restraint act
• Strict enforcement of prenatal diagnostic test.
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33. CURRENT SCENARIOS
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As a result of the Government’s efforts, the successes achieved are enumerated
below:
The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) has declined from 2.9 in 2005 to 2.2 in 2017 (SRS) and
2.1 in 2022.
25 out of 37 States/UTs have already achieved replacement level fertility of 2.1 or
less.
The Decadal growth rate has declined from 21.54% in 1999-2000 to 17.64 %
during 2001-11.
The Crude Birth Rate (CBR) has declined from 23.8 to 20.2 from 2005 to 2017
(SRS).

34. Summary
• Through this topic we came to know about national
population policy 2000, their goals and interventions,
key startegic themes and current scenarios.
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35. Conclusion
• Efforts at population stabilization will be effective only
if an integrated package of essential services is
directed at village and household levels.
• Inadequacies in the existing health infrastructure have
led to a unmet need of 28 per cent of contraception
services and obvious gap in coverage and outreach.
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36. Thank You
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