Unit:-2. Health and welfare committeesSMVDCoN ,J&K
Various committees of experts have been appointed by the government from time to time to render advice about different health problems. The reports of these committees have formed an important basis of health planning in India. The goal of National Health Planning in India is to attain Health for all by the year 2000.
voluntary health agencies have its own administrative body or committee which raises fund through its membership or through private sources. It has staff either paid or on a voluntary basis. Works for health promotion, health education & health legislation, etc.
Health care organization system is vital link for maintain good coverage at all over the India for delivering quality assurance work to people of community.
Unit:-2. Health and welfare committeesSMVDCoN ,J&K
Various committees of experts have been appointed by the government from time to time to render advice about different health problems. The reports of these committees have formed an important basis of health planning in India. The goal of National Health Planning in India is to attain Health for all by the year 2000.
voluntary health agencies have its own administrative body or committee which raises fund through its membership or through private sources. It has staff either paid or on a voluntary basis. Works for health promotion, health education & health legislation, etc.
Health care organization system is vital link for maintain good coverage at all over the India for delivering quality assurance work to people of community.
An acceptable health care delivery sys- tem should have two primary objectives: (1) it must enable all citizens to access health care services, and (2) the services must be cost-effective and meet certain established standards of quality.
This ppt contains all the information about Health system in India / Health Administration. It is useful for students of medical field learning Preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved) and everyone who is interested in in knowing about it.
health care system is community led topic usefull for nursing students and medical students who can improove their knowledge by reading this slide
bhad me ja aur kitna describtion likhu
Psychosocial care of coronavirus disease 2019Nursing Path
The novel Coronavirus (nCoV) epidemic in 2019 -2020 has recently emerged. The route of transmission is not totally known, although it is known that it can spread from person to person, and local health care systems may be ill-equipped to handle a large-scale outbreak.
The blood electrolytes—sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate—help regulate nerve and muscle function and maintain acid-base balance and water balance. ... Thus, having electrolytes in the right concentrations (called electrolyte balance) is important in maintaining fluid balance among the compartments
Hospital infection control programs can help healthcare organizations monitor and improve practices, identify risks and proactively establish policies to prevent the spread of infections
Outcome-based education (OBE) is an educational theory that bases each part of an educational system around goals (outcomes). By the end of the educational experience, each student should have achieved the goal.
Assessment is part of the everyday activities of nursing professionals. Assessment is the only way by which a teacher can know how successful his teaching was and what areas in teaching need improvement.
A mental health disorder characterised by feelings of worry, anxiety or fear that are strong enough to interfere with one's daily activities.
The term "anxiety disorder" refers to specific psychiatric disorders that involve extreme fear or worry, and includes generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder and panic attacks, agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, selective mutism, separation anxiety, and specific phobias.
Selection and organization of learning experienceNursing Path
Curriculum is the educational design of learning experiences for the students. Curricular experiences include course content as well as learning activities. The selection and organization of curricular experiences must also reflect the philosophy of the school. The identifying and organizing of curricular experiences begins with the analysis of curriculum objectives. The most commonly used approach in selecting learning experiences is the logical approach in which the process is treated as content in curriculum development.
Universal health coverage (UHC) means that all people and communities can use the promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative health services they need, of sufficient quality to be effective, while also ensuring that the use of these services does not expose the user to financial hardship.
Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli. Typically symptoms include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and trouble breathing.
Swine influenza is an infection caused by any one of several types of swine influenza viruses. Swine influenza virus (SIV) or swine-origin influenza virus (S-OIV) is any strain of the influenza family of viruses that is endemic in pigs
Abortion is the ending of pregnancy by removing an embryo or fetus before it can survive outside the uterus. An abortion that occurs spontaneously is also known as a miscarriage.
The enterobacteriaceae basic properties.ppsx xNursing Path
The Enterobacteriaceae are a large family of Gram-negative bacteria that includes, along with many harmless symbionts, many of the more familiar pathogens, such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Yersinia pestis, Klebsiella, and Shigella.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
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Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
2. HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM
Introduction:
India is a union of 28 states and 7 union territories.
States are largely independent in matters relating to the
delivery of health care to the people. Each state has
developed its own system of health care
delivery, independent of the Central Government. The
Central Government responsibility consists mainly of
policy making, planning, guiding, assisting, evaluating
and coordinating the work of the State Health Ministries.
The health system in India has 3 main links
1. Central
2. State and
3. Local or peripheralwww.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
3. At the central
• The official “organs” of the health system at the
national level consist of
• 1. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
• 2. The Directorate General of Health Services
• 3. The Central Council of Health and Family Welfare
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
4. Union Ministry of Health and Family
Welfare.
Organization Pattern
Cabinet Minister
↓
Department of Health Department of Family Welfare
↓ ↓
Joint Secretary Additional Secretary
↓ ↓
Deputy Secretary Commissioner
↓ ↓
Administrative staff Joint Secretary
↓
Administrative staff
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
5. Functions: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
Union list
1. International health relations and administration of port
quarantine
2. Administration of Central Institutes such as All India
Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Kolkata.
3. Promotion of research through research centers
4. Regulation and development of
medical, pharmaceutical, dental and nursing Professions
5. Establishment and maintenance of drug standards
6. Census and collection and publication of other statistical
data
7. Immigration and emigration
8.Regulation of labor in the working of mines and oil fields
9. Coordination with states and with other ministries for
promotion of health www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
6. • Concurrent list
The functions listed under the concurrent list are the responsibility
of both the union and state governments.
1. Prevention and extension of communicable diseases
2. Prevention of adulteration of food stuffs
3. Control of drugs and poisons
4. Vital statistics
5. Labor welfare
6. Ports other than major
7. Economic and social planning
8. Population control and Family Planning
9. Preparation of health education material for creating health
awareness through Central Health Education Bureau.
10. Collection, compilation, analysis, evaluation an dissemination of
information through the Central Bureau of Health Intelligence
11. National Medical Library
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
7. Directorate General of Health Services
Organization Pattern
Directorate General of health services
↓
Director General of health services
↓
Additional Director General of health service
↓
Deputy Directorate General of health services
↓
Administrative staff
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
8. FUNCTIONS OF D.G.H.S
1. International health relations and quarantine of all major
ports in country and International airport
2. Control of drug standards
3. Maintain medical store depots
4. Administration of post graduate training programmes
5. Administration of certain medical colleges in India
6. Conducting medical research through Indian Council of
Medical Research
7. Central Government Health Schemes.
8. Implementation of national health programmes
9. Preparation of health education material for creating health
awareness through Central Health Education Bureau.
10. Collection, compilation, analysis, evaluation and
dissemination of information through the Central Bureau of
Health Intelligence
11. National Medical Librarywww.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
9. Central Council of Health
Organization Pattern
Chairman
(Union health Minister)
↓
Members
(State health Minister)
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
10. Functions Of Central Council Of Health
1. To consider and recommend broad outlines of
policy regard to matters concerning health like
environment hygiene, nutrition and health
education.
2. To make proposals for legislation relating to
medical and public health matters.
3. To make recommendations to the central
government regarding distribution of grants-
in-aid.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
11. AT THE STATE LEVEL
Organization Pattern
(1) State Ministry of Health & family welfare
↓
Deputy Minister of Health and Family Welfare
↓
Health Secretary
↓
Deputy Secretaries
↓
Administrative staff
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
12. •
(2) State Director of health
↓
Director of Medical Education Director of Health Services
↓ ↓
Dean of medical college Additional Director of Health Services
↓ ↓
State nursing superintendent Deputy Director of Health Services
↓ ↓
Hospital Education Regional Function
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
Nsg Superintendent Nsg Officer MCH, TB, Leprosy, Immunization
↓ ↓
Ward Incharge Senior tutor
↓ ↓
Nsg Staff Junior tutor
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
13. Functions of state health Director:
(1) Studies in depth the health problem and needs in the state and
plans scheme to Solve them.
(2) Providing curative &preventive services.
(3) Provision for control of milk and food sanitation.
(4) Prevention of any outbreak of communicable diseases.
(5) Promotion of health education
(6) Promotion of health programmes such as school health, family
planning, occupational health
(7) Supervision of PHC
(8) Establishing training courses for health personnel
(9) Co-ordination of all health services with other minister of state
such as minister of education, central health minister
&voluntary agency
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
14. At the district level
There are 593 ( year 2001 ) districts in India.
Within each district, there are 6 types of
administrative areas.
1. Sub –division
2. Tehsils( Talukas )
3. Community Development Blocks
4. Municipalities and Corporations
5. Villages and
6. Panchayats
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
15. Ø Most district in India are divided into two or
more subdivision, each incharge of an Assistant
Collector or Sub Collector
Ø Each division is again divided into
talukas, incharge of a tahsildhar. A taluka
usually comprises between 200 to 600 villages
Ø The community development block comprises
approximately 100 villages and about 80000 to
1,20,000 population, in charge of a Block
Development Officer.
Ø Finally, there are the village panchayats, which
are institutions of rural local self-government.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
16. The urban areas of the district are organized into
Ø Town Area Committees (in areas with
population ranging between 5,000 to10,000
Ø Municipal Boards (in areas with population
ranging between 10,000 and 2,00,000)
Ø Corporations (with population above 2,00,000)
Ø The Town Area Committees are like panchayats.
They provide sanitary services.
Ø The Municipal Boards are headed by Chairmen
/President, elected by members.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
17. The functions of Municipal Board:
Ø Construction and maintenance of roads
Ø Sanitation and drainage
Ø Street lighting
Ø Water supply
Ø Maintenance of hospitals and dispensaries
Ø Education and
Ø Registration of births and deaths etc
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
18. Panchayat Raj -
The panchayat raj is a 3-tier structure of rural
local self-government in India linking the village
to the district.It includes
Ø Panchayat (at the village level)
Ø Panchayat Samiti( at the block level)
Ø Zila Parishad(at the district level
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
19. Panchayat (at the village level):
The Panchayat Raj at the village level consists of
Ø The Gram Sabha
Ø The Gram Panchayat
The Gram Sabha:
It is the assembly of all the adults of the village, which
meets at least twice a year.The gram sabha considers
proposals for taxation,and elect members of The
Gram Panchayat.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
20. The Gram Panchayat
• It is the executive organ of the gram sabha and an
agency for planning and development at the
village level. The population covered varies from
5000 to 15000 or more. The members of
panchayat hold offices for a period of 3to4 years.
Every panchayat has an elected president
(Sarpanch or Sabhapati or Mukhia), a vice
president and panchayat secretary. It covers the
civic administration including sanitation and
public health and work for the social and
economic development of the village
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
21. Panchayat Samiti (at the block level):
• The block consists of about 100 villages and a
population of about 80,000 to 1,20,000. The
panchayat samiti consists of
Sarpanch, MLAs, MPs residing in block
area, representative of women, SC, ST and
cooperative societies. The primary function of
The Panchayat Samiti is the execute the
community development programme in the
block. The Block development Officer and his
staff give technical assistance and guidance in
development work.www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
22. Zila Parishad (at the district level):
• The Zila Parishad is the agency of rural local self
government at the district level . The members
of Zila parishad include all heads of panchayat
samiti in the district,MPs, MLAs, representative
of SC, ST and women and 2 persons of
experience in administration, public life or rural
development. Its functions and powers vary
from state to state.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
23. Health care system:
(1) At village level
(2) At sub center level
(3) At PHC level
(4) At CHC level
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
24. At village level:
• At the village level, elementary services are
rendered by
(a) Village health guides
(b) Local dais
(c) Anganwadi workers
(d) ASHA
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
25. Village health guides:
• Village health guide is a person with an
aptitude for social service and is not full time
govt. functionary. Village health guides scheme
was introduced on 2nd oct. 1977.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
26. Guidelines for their selection:
(1) They should be permanent resident of the local
community, preferably women
(2) They should be able to read and write, having minimum
formal education at least up to the VI std.
(3) They should be acceptable to all sections of community
(4) They should be able spare at least 2 to 3 hours every day
for community health work.
After selection the health guide undergo a short
training in primary health care. The training is arranged in
the nearest PHC, subcenter or other suitable place for the
duration of 200 hours, spread over a period of 3 months.
During the training period they receive a stipend of Rs.
200 per month.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
27. Functions of Village health guides:
(1) Provide treatment for common minor
ailments
(2) First aid during accidents and emergency
(3) MCH care
(4) Family planning
(5) Health education
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
28. Local dais:
• Most deliveries in rural areas are handled by
untrained dais. The training for dais given for 30
working days. Each dai is paid stipend of Rs. 300
during the training period. The training is given at
PHC,subcenters or MCH center for 2 days in a week
and on the remaining four days of the week they
accompany the health worker(female) to the village.
During her training each dai is required to conduct
at least 2 deliveries under the supervision and
guidance of health worker (female), ANM,health
assistant (female).
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
29. Functions of dais:
(1) MCH care
(2) Family planning
(3) Immunization
(4) Education about health
(5) Referral services
(6) Safe water and basic sanitation
(7) Nutrition
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
30. Anganwadi worker:
• Under the ICDS scheme there is an anganwadi
worker for a population of 1000.There are about
100 such workers in each ICDS project. The
anganwadi worker is selected from the
community and she undergoes training in
various aspect of health, nutrition and child
development for 4 months. She is a part time
worker and paid an honorarium of Rs.200-250
per month for the services.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
31. Functions of anganwadi worker
(1) MCH care
(2) Family planning
(3) Immunization
(4) Education about health
(5) Referral services
(6) Safe water and basic sanitation
(7) Supplementary nutrition
(8) Nonformal education of children
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
32. Accredited Social Health Activist
(ASHA)
• One of the key components of the National Rural
Health Mission is to provide every village in the
country with a trained female community health
activist – ‘ASHA’ or Accredited Social Health
Activist. Selected from the village itself and
accountable to it, the ASHA will be trained to
work as an interface between the community and
the public health system. Following are the key
components of ASHA
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
33. SELECTION OF ASHA
• The general norm will be ‘One ASHA per 1000
population’. In tribal, hilly, desert areas the norm
could be relaxed to one ASHA per
habitation, dependant on workload etc.
• The States will also need to work out the district and
block-wise coverage/phasing for selection of ASHAs.
• It is envisaged that the selection and training process
of ASHA will be given due attention by the concerned
State to ensure that at least 40 percent of the ASHAs
in the State are selected and given induction training
in the first year as per the norms given in the
guidelines. Rest of the ASHAs can subsequently be
selected and trained during second and third year.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
34. Criteria for Selection
• ASHA must be primarily a woman resident of the
village ‘Married/Widow/Divorced’ and
preferably in the age group of 25 to 45 yrs.
• ASHA should have effective communication
skills, leadership qualities and be able to reach
out to the community. She should be a literate
woman with formal education up to Eighth
Class.
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35. Roles and responsibilities of ASHA:
• provide information to the community on
determinants of health such as nutrition, basic
sanitation & hygienic practices, healthy living.
• She will counsel women on birth
preparedness, importance of safe delivery, breast-
feeding and complementary
feeding, immunization, contraception and
prevention of common infections including
Reproductive Tract Infection/Sexually Transmitted
Infection (RTIs/STIs) and care of the young child.
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36. • ASHA will mobilize the community and facilitate
them in accessing health and health related
services available at the village/sub-
center/primary health centers, such as
Immunization, Ante Natal Check-up (ANC), Post
Natal Check-up (PNC), ICDS, sanitation and other
services being provided by the government.
• ASHA will provide primary medical care for
minor ailments such as diarrhea, fevers, and
first aid for minor injuries
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37. • She will also act as a depot holder for essential
provisions being made available to every
habitation like Oral Rehydration Therapy
(ORS), Iron Folic Acid Tablet
(IFA), chloroquine, Disposable Delivery Kits
(DDK), Oral Pills & Condoms, etc.
She will inform about the births and deaths in
her village and any unusual health
problems/disease outbreaks in the community to
the Sub-Centers/Primary Health Centre.
• She will promote construction of household
toilets under Total Sanitation Campaign.
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38. Comparison of health care delivery system in
Rajasthan and Maharashtra:
(1) Subcenter:
Topics Maharashtra Rajasthan
(1) Population covered
(2) Functions
5000 in general
3000 in tribal & hilly
areas
(1) MCH care
(2) Family planning
(3) Immunization
(4) Education about health
(5) Referral services
3600 in general
2800 in tribal & hilly
areas
(1) MCH care
(2) Family planning
(3) Immunization
(4) Education about health
(5) Safe water and basic
sanitation
(6) Prevention and control
of locally endemic
diseaseswww.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
39. Topics Maharashtra Rajasthan
(3) Staffing
pattern
Health worker female 1
Health worker male 1
Voluntary worker 1
(paid Rs 100 per month as
Honorarium)
Health worker female 1
Health worker male 1
ANM 1
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40. (2) Primary health center:
TOPICS Maharashtra Rajasthan
(1) Population covered
(2) Functions
30,000 rural population in plains
20,000 population in hilly, tribal
(1) MCH care
(2) Family planning
(3) Immunization
(4) Education about health
(5) Referral services
(6) Safe water and basic sanitation
(7) Prevention and control of
locally endemic diseases
(8) Collection and reporting of vital
statistics
(9) National health programmes
(10) Training of health guides, health
workers, local dais and health
assistant
(11) Basic laboratory services
48000 population in plains
30000 population in tribal and hilly
(1) MCH care
(2) Family planning
(3) Immunization
(4) Education about health
(5) Referral services
(6) Safe water and basic sanitation
(7) Prevention and control of
locally endemic diseases
(8) Collection and reporting Of vital
statistics
(9) National health programmes
(10)Training of health guides, health
workers, local dais and health
assistant
(11)Basic laboratory serviceswww.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
41. TOPICS Maharashtra Rajasthan
(3) Staffing pattern Medical officer 2
Pharmacist 1
Nurse midwife 1
Health worker female 1
Block extension educator 1
Health assistant (female) 1
Health assistant male 1
U.D.C 1
L.D.C 1
Driver 1
Class IV 4
Medical officer 1
Pharmacist 1
Nurse midwife 1
Health worker female 1
Health worker male 1
Block extension educator 1
Health assistant (female) 1
Health assistant male 1
U.D.C 1
L.D.C 1
Driver 1
Class IV 2
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42. (3) Community health center:
TOPICS Maharashtra Rajasthan
(1) Population
covered
(2) Bed capacity
(3) Specialty
80,000 to 1.20 lakhs
30 Beds
Surgery, medicine,
obstetrics and
gynecologist and
pediatrics with X-ray
and lab facilities.
74,000 to 1.5 lakhs
24 Beds
Surgery, medicine,
obstetrics and
gynecologist and
pediatrics with X-ray
and lab facilities.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
43. TOPICS MAHARASHTRA RAJASTHAN
(1) Population covered
(2) Bed capacity
(3) Specialty
(3) Functions
80,000 to 1.20 lakhs
30 Beds
Surgery, medicine, obstetrics and
gynecologist and pediatrics with
X-ray and lab facilities.
Care of routine and
emergency cases in surgery
Care of routine and
emergency cases in medicine
24 hours delivery services
including normal and
assisted deliveries
Essential and emergency
obstetric care including
caesarean sections andother
Medical interventions.
74,000 to 1.5 lakhs
24 Beds
Surgery, medicine, obstetrics
and gynecologist and pediatrics
with X-ray and lab facilities.
(1) MCH care
(2) Family planning
(3) Immunization
(4) Education about health
(5) Referral services
(6) Safe water and basic
sanitation
(7) Prevention and control of
locally endemic diseases
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44. TOPICS MAHARASHTRA RAJASTHAN
• Full range of family planning services
including laparoscopic services
• Safe abortion service Newborn care
• Routine and emergency care of
children
• Other management including Nasal
packing,tracheostomy,foreign body
removal
(10) All national health
programmes delivered through
CHC
Other services
(a) Blood storage
facility
(b) Essential lab.
Services
(c ) Referral
(transport) services
(8) Collection and report in of
vital statistics
(9) 24 hours delivery services
including normal and assisted
deliveries
(10) Essential and emergency
obstetric care including
caesarean sections and other
Medical interventions.
(11) Full range of family planning
services including laparoscopic
services
(12) Safe abortion service
(13) Newborn care
(14) Routine and emergency care
of children’s.
(15) ) All national health
programmes delivered through
CHCwww.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
45. TOPICS MAHARASHTRA RAJASTHAN
(4) Staffing pattern Existing clinical manpower
General surgeon 1
Physician 1
Obstetrics/ gynecologist 1
Pediatrician 1
Proposed clinical man power
Anesthetics 1
Eye surgeon 1
Public health programme 1
manager
Existing clinical manpower
General surgeon 1
Physician 1
Obstetrics/ gynecologist 1
Pediatrician 1
Proposed clinical man power
Anesthetic 1
Public health programme 1
manager
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47. (1) Medical officer:
• He is the captain of the health team at the primary
health center.
• He devotes the morning hours attending to patients
in the outdoor,in the afternoon and supervises the
field work.
• He visits each subcenter regularly on fixed days and
hours and provides guidance, supervision and
leadership to the health team.
• He spends one day in each month organizing staff
meetings at PHC to discuss the problems and review
the progress of health activities.
Job description of the members of the health team:
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48. • He ensures that national health programmes are
being implemented in in his area properly.
• The success of PHC depends largely on the team
leadership which the medical officer is able to
provide.
• The medical officer must be a planner, the
promoter, the director, the supervisor, the
coordinator as well as the evaluator.
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49. Health worker female:
• She will register pregnant women from three months
of pregnancies onwards.
• Maintain maternity record, register of antenatal cases,
eligible couple register, children register up to date.
• She will provide care to pregnant women especially
registered mother throughout the period of pregnancy;
• Give advice on nutrition to expectant and nursing
mothers about storage, preparation and distribution of
food.
• Immunize pregnant mothers with tetanus toxoid.
• Conduct about 50% of total deliveries at home.
• Supervise deliveries conducted by Dais and whenever
call in.
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50. • Spread the message of family planning to the couples;
motivate them for family planning individually and in
groups.
• Distribute conventional contraceptives to the couples.
• Assess the growth and development of the infant and
take necessary action.
• Records and reports births and deaths in her area.
• Test urine for albumin and sugar and do Hb during her
home visit.
• Arrange and help M.O and health assistant in
conducting MCH and family planning clinics at sub
centers.
• Maintain the cleanliness of subcenter.
• Attend staff meetings at PHC, CD block or both.www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
51. Health worker male:
• He will survey all the families in his area and collect
all the information about each village/ locality in his
area.
• Identify the cases of communicable diseases and
notify the health assistant male and M.O PHC
immediately.
• Educate the community about importance of
control and preventive measures against
communicable diseases.
• Assist the village health guide in undertaking the
activities under TB programme properly.www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
52. • Educate community on the method of liquid and solid
waste, home sanitation, advantage and use of sanitary
latrines.
• Assist the health assistant male in the school health
programme.
• Utilize the information from the eligible couple and
child register for the family planning programme.
• Spread the message of family planning to the couples;
motivate them for family planning individually and in
groups.
• Distribute conventional contraceptives to the couples.
• Provide follow-up services to male family planning
acceptors. www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
53. Health assistant female:
• Supervise and guide the health workers in the
delivery of health care services to the community.
• Carry out supervisory home visiting.
• Guide the health workers (female) in Distribution
of conventional contraceptives to the couples.
Visit each of the 4 subcenters at least once in a
week on fixed days.
• Respond to urgent calls from the health workers
and trained dais and render necessary help.
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54. • Organize and utilize the mahila mandal, teachers
etc., in the family welfare programme.
• Provide information on the availability of services
for MTPs and refer suitable cases to the approved
institution.
• Supervise the immunization of all pregnant women
and children (0-5 years)
• Collect and compile the weekly reports of births
and deaths occurring in his area.
• Educate the community regarding the need of
registration of vital events.
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55. Health assistant male:
• Supervise the work of Health worker male during
concurrent visit.
• Check minimum 10% of houses in village.
• Supervise the spraying of insecticides during local
spraying along with the health worker (male).
• Conduct immunization of all school going children with
the help of health worker (male).
• Supervise the immunization of all children’s (0-5 years).
• Assist M.O.PHC in organization of family planning
camps and drives. .
• Provide information on the availability of services for
MTPs and refer suitable cases to the approved
institution.
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56. • Ensures follow-up of all cases of vasectomy, tubectomy
IUD and other family planning acceptors.
• Ensure that all the cases of malnutrition infants and
young children's (0-5years) are given the necessary
treatment and advice and refer serious cases to PHC.
• Ensure that Iron and folic acid and Vitamin A are
distributed to the beneficiaries. Conduct MCH and
family planning clinics and carry out educational
activities.
• Organize and conduct training for dais women leaders
with the help of health workers
• Collect and compile the weekly reports of births and
deaths occurring in his area.
• Educate the community regarding the need of
registration of vital events.
• www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in