1. Nasals are consonants formed by blocking air in the oral cavity and allowing it to escape through the nose. Present-day English has three nasals: bilabial /m/, alveolar /n/, and velar /ŋ/. 2. In both Spanish and English, nasals assimilate to the place of articulation of a following consonant. For example, the Spanish word "un" is pronounced differently depending on the following consonant. 3. Nasals in final position may be followed by voiced or voiceless consonants in both Spanish and English, following phonotactic patterns. There are also homophones and cross-language pairs involving nasals.

1. *
PHONOLOGY
NASALS
RICARDO GUTIERREZ
5TH SEMESTER

2. *

3. * In phonetics, a nasal, also called a nasal
occlusive, nasal stop in contrast with a nasal
fricative, or nasal continuant, is an occlusive
consonant produced with a lowered velum,
allowing air to escape freely through the nose.
*

5. * Nasals are consonants that are formed by
blocking the oral passage and allowing the air
to escape through the nose. Present-Day
English has three nasals, all of which are
voiced (vocal cords vibrating during the
articulation of the nasal).
* (The nasals, the lateral /l/, the retroflex /r/,
and the semivowels /w/ and /j/ are sometimes
called the resonants.)

6. * 1. /m/ (the phoneme spelled m in mail):
(voiced) bilabial nasal.
* 2. /n/ (the phoneme spelled n in nail):
(voiced) alveolar nasal.
* 3. /h/ (the phoneme spelled ng in sing):
(voiced) velar nasal.
*

7. *

8. Spanish Spanish Spanish English English English
/m/ /n/ /ñ/ /m/ /n/ /ŋ/
Voiced Voiced Voiced Voiced Voiced Voiced Voicing
Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Bilabial Alveolar Velar Place
Nasal Nasal Nasal Nasal Nasal Nasal Manner
/m/ /n/ /ñ/ /m/ /n/ /ŋ/
Mata Nata Ñata Mat Nat Initial
Moción Noción Ñoclo Motion Notion ------ position
Maque Naque Ñopa Mack Nap ------
mapa Napa Ñudo Map Nude
Sima Sina Siña Simmer Sinner Singer Medial
Timo Tino Tiño Teems Teens Stings position
Amo Ana año hammed hand hanged
----- Tan ----- Tam Tan Tang Final nasal
----- Son ----- Some Run Sung phoneme
----- Ron ----- Rum sun rung

9. * DISCUSSION in both languages, whenever a nasal is followed by
another consonant, it assumes the place of articulation of the
following consonant.
* Example in Spanish the article spelled un may have five different
pronunciation, depending on the following contrast
* Un beso [um] bilabial + bilabial
* Un día [un] dental + dental
* Un señor [un] alveolar + alveolar
* Un chico [uñ] palatal + palatal
* Un gato [uŋ] velar + velar

10. * ASSIMILATION
* In English is the same assimilation
* Impossible [mp] bilabial + bilabial
* Indirect [nd] alveolar + alveolar
* Incorrect [ŋk] velar + velar

11. * The sound [ŋ] occurs in Spanish as an allophone of /n/ before
velar consonants /k/, /g/and /h/ as in the word: aunque, tango,
monja
* Words borrowed fron the other language with final m spelling,
such as ítem, álbum. Usually to spanish patterns, being
pronunced /íten/, /álbun/

12. *

13. SPANISH ENGLISH
Miembro /my/ Mute Initial position;
Muerte /mw/ ----- nasal followed by a
Nieto /ny/ News consonant
nueve /nw/ -----
/mp/ Limp
/mt/ Dreamt
/mf/ Lymph Final position; nasal
/mps/ Bumps followed by
/mpt/ Bumped voiceless
/mfs/ Nymphs consonants
/mpst/ Glimpsed
/mpts/ Tempts
/nt/ Hint
/nƟ/ Tenth
/ns/ Prince
/nč/ Bunch
/nts/ Pants
/nƟs/ Months
/nst/ danced

14. SPANISH ENGLISH
/nčt/ Flinched
/ŋk/ Rink
/ŋks/ Thanks Final position; nasal
/ŋkt/ Thanked followed by
/ŋkƟ/ Lenght voiceless
/ŋkst/ Jinxed consonants
/ŋkƟs/ strengths
/md/ Blamed
/mz/ Blames
/nd/ Fanned Final position; nasal
/nz/ Fans followed by voiced
/nĵ/ Lounge consonant
/ndz/ Winds
/nĵd/ Fringed
/ŋd/ Banged
/ŋz/ Bangs

15. * HOMOPHONES
* /dᴂm dam, damn
/
* /hIm/ him, hymn
* /plƏn/ plum, plumb
* /nat/ not, knot
* /nuw/ new, knew
* CROSS-LANGUAGE PAIRS
* m vs mm /m/: comentar comment
* m vs gm /m/: flema, phlegm
* n vs nn /n/: inocente, innocent
* n vs pn /n/: neumonia, pneumonia