Degree of comparison
The Degrees of Comparison in English grammar are made with the Adjective and Adverb words to show how big or small, high or low, more or less, many or few, etc., of the qualities, numbers and positions of the nouns (persons, things and places) in comparison to the others mentioned in the other part of a sentence or expression.
Kind of comparison :
Positive degree
Comparative degree
Superlative degree
POSITIVE DEGREE
Equal/positive degree is used to compare two things or persons which have same characteristic and feature.
The primary form of an adjective or adverb; denotes a quality without qualification,comparison, or relation to increase or diminution positive
Adjective- a word that expresses an attribute of something
Adverb- a word that modifies something other then a noun.
There are two more comparisons with the ‘positive form’ of the adjective words. They are :
(i) Degree of Equality: This comparison is used to compare two persons, animals or things to tell us that they are equal – having the same quality.
Example: There are two cats with the same height and weight, and look the same except for the colour.
Therefore we say:
The brown cat is as beautiful as the grey cat. (= Both the cats are the same.)
The word “beautiful” is an adjective in the ‘positive form’, and with the conjunction as…as it expresses the ‘degree of equality’.
(ii) Degree of Inequality: This comparison is used to compare two persons, animals or things to tell us that they are not equal – not having the same quality. Example: The brown cat is not so beautiful as the black & white cat.( They are not the same).The word “beautiful” is an adjective in the ‘positive form’, and with the conjunction so…as (and the negative ‘not’) it expresses the ‘degree of inequality’
Degrees of comparison. How to change sentences from one degree to another degree, what are the rules to be followed have been discussed. Types of degrees and models of degrees have been discussed. There are four models but mostly three models used.
Grammar is the structural foundation of our ability to express ourselves. The more we are aware of how it works, the more we can monitor the meaning and effectiveness of the way we and others use language. It can help foster precision, detect ambiguity, and exploit the richness of expression available in English. And it can help everyone--not only teachers of English, but teachers of anything, for all teaching is ultimately a matter of getting to grips with meaning.
The Degrees of Comparison in English grammar are made with the Adjective and Adverb words to show how big or small, high or low, more or less, many or few, etc., of the qualities, numbers and positions of the nouns (persons, things and places) in comparison to the others mentioned in the other part of a sentence or expression.
The Positive Degree of an adjective in comparison is the adjective in its simple form. It is used to denote the mere existence of some quality of what we speak about. It is used when no comparison is made.
The Comparative Degree denotes the existence of a higher degree of the quality than the positive. It is usedwhen two things (or two sets of things) are compared.
The Superlative Degree denotes the existence of the highest degree of the quality. It is used when more than two things are compared.
The grammatical category associated with comparison of adjectives and adverbs is degree of comparison. The usual degrees of comparison are the positive, which simply denotes a property (as with the English words big and fully); the comparative, which indicates greater degree (asbigger and more fully); and the superlative, which indicates greatest degree (as biggest and most fully). Some languages have forms indicating a very large degree of a particular quality
Degrees of comparison. How to change sentences from one degree to another degree, what are the rules to be followed have been discussed. Types of degrees and models of degrees have been discussed. There are four models but mostly three models used.
Grammar is the structural foundation of our ability to express ourselves. The more we are aware of how it works, the more we can monitor the meaning and effectiveness of the way we and others use language. It can help foster precision, detect ambiguity, and exploit the richness of expression available in English. And it can help everyone--not only teachers of English, but teachers of anything, for all teaching is ultimately a matter of getting to grips with meaning.
The Degrees of Comparison in English grammar are made with the Adjective and Adverb words to show how big or small, high or low, more or less, many or few, etc., of the qualities, numbers and positions of the nouns (persons, things and places) in comparison to the others mentioned in the other part of a sentence or expression.
The Positive Degree of an adjective in comparison is the adjective in its simple form. It is used to denote the mere existence of some quality of what we speak about. It is used when no comparison is made.
The Comparative Degree denotes the existence of a higher degree of the quality than the positive. It is usedwhen two things (or two sets of things) are compared.
The Superlative Degree denotes the existence of the highest degree of the quality. It is used when more than two things are compared.
The grammatical category associated with comparison of adjectives and adverbs is degree of comparison. The usual degrees of comparison are the positive, which simply denotes a property (as with the English words big and fully); the comparative, which indicates greater degree (asbigger and more fully); and the superlative, which indicates greatest degree (as biggest and most fully). Some languages have forms indicating a very large degree of a particular quality
Lesson plan for ESL teachers to explain how to express comparison in English: Comparatives, superlatives and equality with examples. It includes exceptions.
This powerpoint is licensed under a Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No Comercial 3.0 License. You can modify it and use it in your class. No commercial use allowed.
Prefixes and Suffixes
There are 3 processes of word formation in English: affixation- addition of prefixes and sufixes; conversion- use of the word in another class without any changes; and compounding- joining 2 words to form another.
Prefixes and suffixes are sets of letters that are added to the beginning or end of another word. They are not words in their own right and cannot stand on their own in a sentence: if they are printed on their own they have a hyphen before or after them.
Prefixes are added to the beginning of an existing word in order to create a new word with a different meaning.
The following is an list of medical prefixes along with their meanings, origin, and an English example.
Example of Prefixes
Prefix Origin Meaning example
Pre- Latin Before Pre-test
Inter- Latin Between Interface
Mono- Greek One,Single Monoplane
Un- Latin Not Unhappy
Re- Latin Back,again Repaint
Dis- Latin Apart, not Disconnect
What is sentence?
Sentence is a group of words, minimal has subject and predicate, which expresses a thought in written or spoken form.
Types of Sentences
1. Types of Sentences according to their purpose.
2. Types of Sentences according to their syntax
3. Types of Sentences according to their form
4. Types of Sentences according to completeness
5. Types of Sentences according to what kind of category occurs in the predicate position of the sentence.
Types of Sentences according to their purpose
A declarative sentence makes a statement. Since we usually make statements that declare something, most of your sentences are declarative. All declarative sentences are ended with a period.
Examples:
The dodgers won the first inning.
The tallest animal in the world is a giraffe.
COLLECTING YOUR DATA
Combining classroom activities and data collection
Regular classroom activities
Teaching new grammar items
Teaching aspects of writing (e.g. Structuring the essay)
Using different materials
Teaching vocabulary
Encouraging students to take more responsibility for learning
Extending students motivation
Action research data collection
Audio-record classroom interaction or students group work responses to see how students are using them.
Collect students texts over a set period of time and monitor the improvements and gaps in their writing
Discuss with student s their reactions to new materials compared with previous materials
Give students a survey asking them for their responses to different vocabulary activities
Ask students to write a letter to a class partner to explain their most effective strategies for learning English
Get students to interview each other about what they like/dislike about various activities and ask them to record their responses.
Nama satuan pendidikan : SMA
Mata pelajaran : Bahasa Inggris
Kelas/semester : X/1
Materi pokok : Expressing Intention
Alokasi waktu : 1x25 menit
A. Kompetensi Inti (KI)
1. Menghayati dan mengamalkan ajaran agama yang dianutnya.
2. Menghayati dan mengamalkan perilaku jujur, disiplin, tanggung jawab, peduli (gotong royong, kerjasama, toleran, damai), santun, responsif dan pro-aktif dan menunjukkan sikap sebagai bagian dari solusi atas berbagai permasalahan dalam berinteaksi secara efektif dengan lingkungan sosial dan alam seta dalam menemptkan diri sebagai cerminan bangsa dalam pergaulan dunia.
3. Memahami, menerapkan, menganalisis pengetahuan faktual, konseptual, prosedural berdasarkan rasa ingin tahunya tentang ilmu pengetahuan,teknologi, seni, budaya, dan humaniora dengan wawasan kemanusiaan, kebangsaan, kenegaraan, dan peradaban terkait penyebab fenomena dan kejadian, serta menerapkan pengetahuan prosedural pada bidang kajian yang spesifik sesuai dengan bakat dan minatnya untuk memecahkan masalah.
4. Mengolah, menalar, dan menyaji dalam ranah konkret dan ranah abstrak terkait dengan pengembangan dari yang dipelajarinya di sekolah secara mandiri, dan mampu menggunakan metoda sesuai kaidah keilmuan.
B. Kompetensi dasar dan indikator pencapaian kompetensi:
1.1. Mensyukuri kesempatan dapat mempelajari bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa pengantar Komunikasi internasional yang diwujudkan dalam semangat belajar.
1.1.1. Merasa senang dalam mempelajari bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa pengantar komunikasi internasional.
1.1.2. Bersemangat dalam melaksanakan setiap kegiatan pada pembelajaran bahasa Inggris.
2.1. Menunjukkan perilaku santun dan peduli dalam melaksanakan Komunikasi interpersonal dengan guru dan teman.
2.1.1. Menyapa guru dan teman menggunakan bahasa Inggris dengan santun.
2.1.2. Menunjukkan perilaku santun dalam mendemonstrasikan ungkapan niat melakukan sesuatu.
2.2. Menunjukkan perilaku jujur, disiplin, percaya diri, dan bertanggung jawab dalam melaksanakan Komunikasi transaksional dengan guru dan teman.
2.2.1. Berperan aktif dalam kegiatan pembelajaran di kelas.
2.2.2. Menyelesaikan tugas bahasa Inggris mengenai niat melakukan sesuatu tepat waktu.
2.3. Menunjukkkan perilaku tanggung jawab, peduli, kerjasama, dan cinta damai, dalam melaksanakan Komunikasi fungsional.
2.3.1. Menjawab sapaan guru dan teman menggunakan bahasa Inggris dengan santun dan benar.
2.3.2. Menyelesaikan tugas yang menjadi bagiannya dalam kerja kelompok.
3.1. Menganalisis fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan untuk menyatakan dan menanyakan tentang niat melakukan sesuatu, sesuai dengan konteks penggunaanya.
3.1.1 Menentukan hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan teks lisan dan tulis untuk menyatakan dan menanyakan tentang niat melakukan sesuatu melalui gambar atau video dengan penuh percaya diri, bertanggung jawab dan kerjasama yang baik.
3.1.2 Menyimpulkan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan untuk menyata
WHAT IS INTENTION ???
Merriam-Webster.com defines intention as a determination to act in a certain way.
As shared in “When your Relationships are Good, your Life is Good”, an intention is a clear and positive statement of an outcome you want to experience.
An intention is a goal, or vision, that guides your activities, thoughts, attitudes, and choices.
Language features
To express intention , we usually use :
Simple Future Tense
Would like …
Would rather…
Examples of expressing intention
-I'm going to ...-I would like to ...- (Yes, I think) I will ...- I am planning to ...- I have decided ...- I'm thinking of ...- I intend to ....- My intention is to ...- Perhaps/ May be I will ..
A Brief History on the Approaches to
Language Testing
In the 1950s, an era of behaviorism and special
attention to constrastive analysis, testing focused on
specific language elements such as the phonological,
grammatical, and lexical contrasts between two
languages.
Between the 1970s and 1980s, communicative theories
of language brought with them a more integrative view of
testing in which specialists claimed that the whole of
communicative event was considerably greater than the
sum of its linguistic element (Clark, 1983; Brown, 2004: 8)
Definition of Language Testing
According to Oller (1979, 1-2), a language testing is a
device that tries to assess how much has been learned
in a foreign language course, or some part of a course
by learners.
According to Brown (2004: 3), a language testing is a
method of measuring a person’s ability, knowledge, or
performance in a given domain.
GOVERNOR’S RESPONSIBILITIES
Governors are responsible for ensuring that the legal requirements of curriculum delivery exist in the school. As they can’t be involved in day-to day issues a level of monitoring need establishing so that they can take a overall view and monitor and evaluate the decisions they have made which effect the curriculum
Ada dua langkah yang harus dilakukan sebelum menulis buku teks :
Analisis kebutuhan buku teks
Penyusunan peta bahan ajar
Analisis Kebutuhan Buku Teks
Analisis kebutuhan buku teks meliputi :
Analisis kurikulum
Analisis kurikulum diarahkan pada kompetensi-kompentesi mana yang bahan ajar perlu dikembangkan dalam buku teks.
Analisis kurikulum ini meliputi:
a. Standart Kompetensi
b. Kompetensi Dasar
c. Materi Pokok (Materi Pembelajaran)
d. Pengalaman Belajar
e. Alokasi Waktu
Kompetensi Inti
Menghayati dan mengamalkan ajaran agama yang dianutnya.
Menghayati dan mengamalkan perilaku jujur, disiplin, tanggungjawab, peduli (gotong royong, kerjasama, toleran, damai), santun, responsif dan pro-aktif dan menunjukkan sikap sebagai bagian dari solusi atas berbagai permasalahan dalam berinteraksi secara efektif dengan lingkungan sosial dan alam serta dalam menempatkan diri sebagai cerminan bangsa dalam pergaulan dunia.
Memahami, menerapkan, menganalisis pengetahuan faktual, konseptual, prosedural berdasarkan rasa ingin tahunya tentang ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, seni, budaya, dan humaniora dengan wawasan kemanusiaan, kebangsaan, kenegaraan, dan peradaban terkait penyebab fenomena dan kejadian, serta menerapkan pengetahuan prosedural pada bidang kajian yang spesifik sesuai dengan bakat dan minatnya untuk memecahkan masalah.
Mengolah, menalar, dan menyaji dalam ranah konkret dan ranah abstrak terkait dengan pengembangan dari yang dipelajarinya di sekolah secara mandiri, dan mampu menggunakan metoda sesuai kaidah keilmuan
Tujuan PEMBELAJARAN
Siswa dapat menyebutkan fungsi sosial ungkapan-ungkapan untuk greeting,pre-closing dan closing dalam sebuah percakapan..
Siswa dapat membedakan ungkapan-ungkapan greeting, pre-closing dan closing yang digunakan dalam dialog sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya.
Siswa dapat merespon makna greeting, pre-closing dan closing lisan dan tulis
Siswa dapat menyusun dialog dengan menggunakan greeting, pre-closing dan closing yang tepat.
Siswa dapat mendemonstrasikan dialog dengan menggunakan greeting, pre-closing dan closing secara lisan.
Siswa dapat menanyakan kabar orang lain dengan kata tanya yang tepat dan ungkapan yang tepat.
Siswa dapat menjawab pertanyaan mengenai dialog dengan menggunakan greeting, pre-closing dan closing secara lisan maupun tertulis.
Manfaat menguasai materi introduction
Mampu menjalin hubungan dengan guru, teman dan orang lain.
Mampu menanyakan kabar, merespon dialog dengan orang lain dengan baik dan benar.
Dengan menguasai materi ini siswa dapat lebih mengenal orang lain dan membuat suasana lebih nyaman.
Materi ini dapat diaplikasikan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dalam berkomunikasi dengan orang lain.
Pokok Materi
Greetings, pre-closings and closings.
Ungkapan yang digunakan untuk memaparkan jati diri dan orang lain.
Unsur Kebahasaan yang digunakan untuk memaparkan jati diri.
- Simple present tense.
- To be and to have in simple present tense.
- Pronouns
- Rising and falling intonation.
- Kata tanya What? Who? Which? (WH-Question)
What is curriculum?
Curriculum is said to be a very ill-defined term (Huang, 1991)
It may carry different meanings when used by teachers, schools and academics. What makes the matter worse is that it is used interchangeably with terms like syllabus, examination syllabus and instruction (Chang,1998).
In this session, we would try to clarify what it is.
Interpretations of Curriculum
The amorphous nature of the word curriculum has given rise over the years to many interpretations. Depending on their philosophical beliefs, persons have conveyed these interpretations among others.
Curriculum is that which is taught in school.
Curriculum is a set of subjects.
Curriculum is content.
Curriculum is a program of studies.
Curriculum is a sequence of courses.
RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN
(RPP)
Nama satuan pendidikan : SMA …
Mata pelajaran : Bahasa Inggris
Kelas/semester : XII/2
Materi pokok : Lagu
Alokasi waktu : 2X 2 JP
A. Kompetensi Inti
1. Menghayati dan mengamalkan ajaran agama yang dianutnya
2. Menghayati dan mengamalkan perilaku jujur, disiplin, tanggungjawab, peduli (gotong royong, kerjasama, toleran, damai), santun, responsif dan pro-aktif dan menunjukkan sikap sebagai bagian dari solusi atas berbagai permasalahan dalam berinteraksi secara efektif dengan lingkungan sosial dan alam serta dalam menempatkan diri sebagai cerminan bangsa dalam pergaulan dunia
3. Memahami, menerapkan, menganalisis pengetahuan faktual, konseptual, prosedural berdasarkan rasa ingin tahunya tentang ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, seni, budaya, dan humaniora dengan wawasan kemanusiaan, kebangsaan, kenegaraan, dan peradaban terkait penyebab fenomena dan kejadian, serta menerapkan pengetahuan prosedural pada bidang kajian yang spesifik sesuai dengan bakat dan minatnya untuk memecahkan masalah.
4. Mengolah, menalar, dan menyaji dalam ranah konkret dan ranah abstrak terkait dengan pengembangan dari yang dipelajarinya di sekolah secara mandiri, dan mampu menggunakan metoda sesuai kaidah keilmuan
B. Kompetensi dasar dan indikator pencapaian kompetensi:
1.1. Mensyukuri kesempatan dapat mempelajari bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa pengantar Komunikasi internasional yang diwujudkan dalam semangat belajar.
1.1.1. Merasa senang dalam mempelajari bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa pengantar komunikasi internasional.
1.1.2. Bersemangat dalam melaksanakan setiap kegiatan pada pembelajaran bahasa Inggris
2.1. Menunjukkan perilaku santun dan peduli dalam melaksanakan Komunikasi interpersonal dengan guru dan teman.
2.1.1. Menyapa guru dan teman menggunakan bahasa Inggris dengan santun.
2.1.2. Menunjukkan perilaku santun dalam menyanyikan sebuah lagu
2.2. Menunjukkan perilaku jujur, disiplin, percaya diri, dan bertanggung jawab dalam melaksanakan Komunikasi transaksional dengan guru dan teman.
2.2.1. Berperan aktif dalam kegiatan pembelajaran di kelas.
2.2.2. Menyelesaikan tugas bahasa Inggris mengenai lagu tepat waktu
2.3. Menunjukkkan perilaku tanggung jawab, peduli, kerjasama, dan cinta damai, dalam melaksanakan komunikasi fungsional.
2.3.1. Menjawab sapaan guru dan teman menggunakan bahasa Inggris dengan santun dan benar.
2.3.2. Menyelesaikan tugas yang menjadi bagaiannya dalam kerja kelompok.
3.11. Memahami fungsi sosial dan unsur kebahasaan dalam lagu.
3.11.1 Mengidentifikasi fungsi sosial dalam lagu.
3.11.2 Menentukan tujuan komunikatif lagu.
3.11.3. Mengidentifikasi kata, ungkapan dan tata bahasa dalam karya seni berbentuk lagu.
3.11.4. Mengidentifikasi unsur kebahasaan dalam lagu.
3.11.5. Menjelaskan fungsi sosial dalam lagu.
3.11.6. Menjelaskan unsur kebahasaan dalam lagu.
3.11.7. Mengucapkan kosa kata dalam lagu dengan pengucapan yang benar.
3.11.8. Mengartikan kosa kata da
RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN
(RPP)
Nama satuan pendidikan : SMA ….
Mata Pelajaran : Bahasa Inggris
Kelas/semester : X/1
Materi pokok : Teks lisan dan tulis sederhana, untuk memaparkan,
menanyakan, dan merespon pemaparan jati diri
Alokasi waktu : 2 x 2 JP
A. Kompetensi Inti
1. Menghayati dan mengamalkan ajaran agama yang dianutnya
2. Menghayati dan mengamalkan perilaku jujur, disiplin, tanggungjawab, peduli (gotong royong, kerjasama, toleran, damai), santun, responsif dan pro-aktif dan menunjukkan sikap sebagai bagian dari solusi atas berbagai permasalahan dalam berinteraksi secara efektif dengan lingkungan sosial dan alam serta dalam menempatkan diri sebagai cerminan bangsa dalam pergaulan dunia
3. Memahami, menerapkan, menganalisis pengetahuan faktual, konseptual, prosedural berdasarkan rasa ingin tahunya tentang ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, seni, budaya, dan humaniora dengan wawasan kemanusiaan, kebangsaan, kenegaraan, dan peradaban terkait penyebab fenomena dan kejadian, serta menerapkan pengetahuan prosedural pada bidang kajian yang spesifik sesuai dengan bakat dan minatnya untuk memecahkan masalah.
4. Mengolah, menalar, dan menyaji dalam ranah konkret dan ranah abstrak terkait dengan pengembangan dari yang dipelajarinya di sekolah secara mandiri, dan mampu menggunakan metoda sesuai kaidah keilmuan
B. Kompetensi dasar dan indikator pencapaian kompetensi:
1.1. Mensyukuri kesempatan dapat mempelajari bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa pengantar Komunikasi internasional yang diwujudkan dalam semangat belajar.
1.1.1. Merasa senang dalam mempelajari bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa pengantar komunikasi internasional.
1.1.2. Bersemangat dalam melaksanakan setiap kegiatan pada pembelajaran bahasa Inggris
2.1. Menunjukkan perilaku santun dan peduli dalam melaksanakan Komunikasi interpersonal dengan guru dan teman.
2.1.1. Menyapa guru dan teman menggunakan bahasa Inggris dengan santun.
2.1.2. Menunjukkan perilaku santun dalam mendemonstrasikan teks mengenai pemaparan jati diri.
2.2. Menunjukkan perilaku jujur, disiplin, percaya diri, dan bertanggung jawab dalam melaksanakan Komunikasi transaksional dengan guru dan teman.
2.2.1. Berperan aktif dalam kegiatan pembelajaran di kelas.
2.2.2. Menyelesaikan tugas bahasa Inggris mengenai pemaparan jati diri tepat waktu
2.3. Menunjukkkan perilaku tanggung jawab, peduli, kerjasama, dan cinta damai, dalam melaksanakan Komunikasi fungsional.
2.3.1. Menjawab sapaan guru dan teman menggunakan bahasa Inggris dengan santun dan benar.
2.3.2. Menyelesaikan tugas yang menjadi bagaiannya dalam kerja kelompok.
3.1. Menganalisis fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan dari teks pemaparan jati diri, sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya.
3.1.1. Mengidentifikasi struktur teks dan unsur kebahasaan pada teks pemaparan jati diri sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya.
3.1.2. Menyebutkan fungsi sosial ungkapan-ungkapan untuk memaparkan jati diri.
3.1.3. Membedakan
Kompetensi Inti
Menghayati dan mengamalkan ajaran agama yang dianutnya.
Menghayati dan mengamalkan perilaku jujur, disiplin, tanggungjawab, peduli (gotong royong, kerjasama, toleran, damai), santun, responsif dan pro-aktif dan menunjukkan sikap sebagai bagian dari solusi atas berbagai permasalahan dalam berinteraksi secara efektif dengan lingkungan sosial dan alam serta dalam menempatkan diri sebagai cerminan bangsa dalam pergaulan dunia.
Memahami, menerapkan, menganalisis pengetahuan faktual, konseptual, prosedural berdasarkan rasa ingin tahunya tentang ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, seni, budaya, dan humaniora dengan wawasan kemanusiaan, kebangsaan, kenegaraan, dan peradaban terkait penyebab fenomena dan kejadian, serta menerapkan pengetahuan prosedural pada bidang kajian yang spesifik sesuai dengan bakat dan minatnya untuk memecahkan masalah.
Mengolah, menalar, dan menyaji dalam ranah konkret dan ranah abstrak terkait dengan pengembangan dari yang dipelajarinya di sekolah secara mandiri, dan mampu menggunakan metoda sesuai kaidah keilmuan.
Tujuan PEMBELAJARAN
Siswa dapat mengidentifikasi struktur teks dan unsur kebahasaan pada teks pemaparan jati diri sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya.
Siswa dapat menyebutkan fungsi sosial ungkapan-ungkapan untuk memaparkan jati diri orang lain.
Siswa dapat membedakan ungkapan-ungkapan yang digunakan dalam pemaparan jati diri orang lain sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya.
Siswa dapat merespon makna teks pemaparan jati diri orang lain lisan dan tulis
Kompetensi Inti
Menghayati dan mengamalkan ajaran agama yang dianutnya.
Menghayati dan mengamalkan perilaku jujur, disiplin, tanggungjawab, peduli (gotong royong, kerjasama, toleran, damai), santun, responsif dan pro-aktif dan menunjukkan sikap sebagai bagian dari solusi atas berbagai permasalahan dalam berinteraksi secara efektif dengan lingkungan sosial dan alam serta dalam menempatkan diri sebagai cerminan bangsa dalam pergaulan dunia
Memahami, menerapkan, menganalisis pengetahuan faktual, konseptual, prosedural berdasarkan rasa ingin tahunya tentang ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, seni, budaya, dan humaniora dengan wawasan kemanusiaan, kebangsaan, kenegaraan, dan peradaban terkait penyebab fenomena dan kejadian, serta menerapkan pengetahuan prosedural pada bidang kajian yang spesifik sesuai dengan bakat dan minatnya untuk memecahkan masalah.
Mengolah, menalar, dan menyaji dalam ranah konkret dan ranah abstrak terkait dengan pengembangan dari yang dipelajarinya di sekolah secara mandiri, dan mampu menggunakan metoda sesuai kaidah keilmuan
Pengertian Karya Ilmiah
Karya ilmiah adalah laporan tertulis dan diterbitkan yang memaparkan hasil penelitian atau pengkajian yang telah dilakukan oleh seseorang atau sebuah tim dengan memenuhi kaidah dan etika keilmuan yang dikukuhkan dan ditaati oleh masyarakat keilmuan. Ada berbagai jenis karya ilmiah, antara lain : laporan penelitian, makalah seminar dan artikel jurnal.
Tujuan Karya Ilmiah
Sebagai wahan melatih mengungkapkan pemikiran atau hasil penelitianya dalam bentuk tulisan ilmiah yang sistematis dan metodologis
Menumbuhkan etos ilmiah dikalangan mahasiswa
Karya ilmiah yang telah ditulis itu diharapkan menjadi wahana transformasi pengetahuan.
Membuktikan potensi dan wawasan ilmiah yang dimiliki mahasiswa dalam menghadapi dan menyelesaikan masalah dalam bentuk karya ilmiah setelah yang bersangkutan memperoleh pengetahuan dan pendidikan dari jurusanya.
Melatih keterampilan dasar untuk melakukan penelitian.
. Manfaat Karya Ilmiah
Melatih untuk mengembangkan keterampilan membaca yang efektif.
Melatih untuk menggabungkan hasil bacaan dari berbagai sumber.
Mengenalkan dengan kegiatan kepustakaan.
Meningkatkan pengorganisasian fakta atau data secara jelas dan sistematis.
Memperoleh kepuasan intelektual.
Memperluas cakrawala ilmu pengetahuan.
Sebagai bahan acuan atau penelitian pendahuluan untuk penelitian selanjutnya.
D. Sistematika Penulisan Karya Ilmiah
Pada umumnya penulisan karya ilmiah terdiri dari bagian awal, bagian utama, dan bagian akhir
Bagian awal karya ilmiah :
Cover
Berisi halaman judul keterangan dan data diri penulis
Pengertian Kesulitan Belajar Siswa
Dalam kegiatan pembelajaran di sekolah, kita dihadapkan dengan sejumlah karakterisktik siswa yang beraneka ragam. Ada siswa yang dapat menempuh kegiatan belajarnya secara lancar dan berhasil tanpa mengalami kesulitan, namun di sisi lain tidak sedikit pula siswa yang justru dalam belajarnya mengalami berbagai kesulitan. Kesulitan belajar siswa ditunjukkan oleh adanya hambatan-hambatan tertentu untuk mencapai hasil belajar, dan dapat bersifat psikologis, sosiologis, maupun fisiologis, sehingga pada akhirnya dapat menyebabkan prestasi belajar yang dicapainya berada di bawah semestinya.
Jenis-Jenis Masalah Belajar Siswa
. Learning Disorder atau kekacauan belajar adalah keadaan dimana proses belajar seseorang terganggu karena timbulnya respons yang bertentangan. Contoh : siswa yang sudah terbiasa dengan olah raga keras seperti karate, tinju dan sejenisnya, mungkin akan mengalami kesulitan dalam belajar menari yang menuntut gerakan lemah-gemulai.
Learning Disfunction merupakan gejala dimana proses belajar yang dilakukan siswa tidak berfungsi dengan baik, meskipun sebenarnya siswa tersebut tidak menunjukkan adanya subnormalitas mental, gangguan alat dria, atau gangguan psikologis lainnya. Contoh : siswa yang yang memiliki postur tubuh yang tinggi atletis dan sangat cocok menjadi atlet bola volley, namun karena tidak pernah dilatih bermain bola volley, maka dia tidak dapat menguasai permainan volley dengan baik.
Under Achiever mengacu kepada siswa yang sesungguhnya memiliki tingkat potensi intelektual yang tergolong di atas normal, tetapi prestasi belajarnya tergolong rendah.
Slow Learner atau lambat belajar adalah siswa yang lambat dalam proses belajar, sehingga ia membutuhkan waktu yang lebih lama dibandingkan sekelompok siswa lain yang memiliki taraf potensi intelektual yang sama
Learning Disabilities atau ketidakmampuan belajar mengacu pada gejala dimana siswa tidak mampu belajar atau menghindari belajar, sehingga hasil belajar di bawah potensi intelektualnya.
Definition
Vocabulary is a list or collection of words arranged in alphabetical order and explained, a dictionary or lexicon, either of a whole language, a single work or author, a branch of science, or the like, a word book.
INTRODUCING VOCABULARY
Example 4 below is clearly designed to focus the students’ attention on an aspect of vocabulary.
Example 1 : Walking, running, jumping
Focus : verb of movement
Age : adult
Level : beginner
Example 2 : Inviting
Focus : Functional language
Age : adult
Level : pre-intermediate
Example 3 : Explaning what you mean
Focus : type, kind, something you use
Age : young adult plusLevel : intermediate
Example 4 : Word formation
Focus : prefixes and suffixes
Age : young adult plus
Level : upper intermediates
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2. Degree of comparison
The Degrees of Comparison in English
grammar are made with the Adjective and
Adverb words to show how big or small,
high or low, more or less, many or few,
etc., of the qualities, numbers and
positions of the nouns (persons, things
and places) in comparison to the others
mentioned in the other part of a sentence
or expression.
3. Kind of comparison :
a. Positive degree
b. Comparative degree
c. Superlative degree
4. POSITIVE DEGREE
Equal/positive degree is used to compare two things or persons which have
same characteristic and feature.
The primary form of an adjective or adverb; denotes a quality without
qualification,comparison, or relation to increase or diminution positive
Adjective- a word that expresses an attribute of something
Adverb- a word that modifies something other then a noun.
There are two more comparisons with the ‘positive form’ of the adjective
words. They are :
(i) Degree of Equality: This comparison is used to compare two persons,
animals or things to tell us that they are equal – having the same quality.
Example: There are two cats with the same height and weight, and look the
same except for the colour.
Therefore we say:
The brown cat is as beautiful as the grey cat. (= Both the cats are the same.)
The word “beautiful” is an adjective in the ‘positive form’, and with the
conjunction as…as it expresses the ‘degree of equality’.
5. (ii) Degree of Inequality: This comparison is
used to compare two persons, animals or
things to tell us that they are not equal – not
having the same quality.
Example: The brown cat is not so beautiful as
the black & white cat.( They are not the
same).
The word “beautiful” is an adjective in the
‘positive form’, and with the conjunction
so…as (and the negative ‘not’) it expresses
the ‘degree of inequality’
back
6. 2. COMPARATIVE DEGREE:
A comparative form is used to compare two thiings or
persons that are different.
Pattern 1
Example:
Adjective : Widya is taller than Kurnia,
This year’s exhibit is less impresive than last year’s
Adverb : Uni speaks English more fluently than Umi
He visits his family less frequently than his wife does
SUBJECT VERB
Adjective + er
THAN NOUN
Adverb + er
PRONOUN
More+Adjective/Adverb
Less + Adjective/Adverb
8. Pattern 4 ( multi number comparatives )
Number multiples arrest half,twice,three times etc
Example:
This encyclopedia costs twice as much as the other one.
Umi has half as many records now as i had last year.
SUBJECT VERB NUMBER
MULTIPLE
AS MUCH (NOUN) AS NOUN
MANY PRONOUN
back
9. 3. SUPERLATIVE DEGREE
This comparison is used to compare one person, animal or
thing with more than two persons, animals or things (the
rest of the group of more than two), and to say that the
particular one has the highest degree of that particular
quality.
Pattern 1
Subject+ verb+ the+ adjective+est+.....
Example: Borobudur is the biggest temple in Indonesia
The Nile is the longest river in the world
Pattern 2
Subject+verb+the+most+adjective+........
Example: London is the most expensive city in the world
Andi is the most dilligent students in his class
next
10. The rules of degree comparison
a) the words which end in ‘e’ belong to his group and take
only ‘r’ in comparative form and ‘st’ in superlative form:
brave — braver — the bravest
large — larger — the largest
wise — wiser — the wisest
b) the words which end in any letter other than ‘e’ and/or
‘y’ belong to this group and take ‘er’ in comparative form
and ‘est’ in superlative from:
sweet — sweeter — the sweetest
tall — taller — the tallest
young — younger — the youngest
11. c) the words which end in ‘y’ preceded by a consonant belong to this group; they
lose the last letter ‘y’ and take ‘ier’ in the comparative form and ‘iest’ in
superlative form:
happy — happier — the happiest
easy — easier — the easiest
heavy — heavier — the heaviest
The words which end in ‘y’ preceded by a vowel, however, do not change their
spelling but take ‘r/er’ in comparative form and ‘st/est’ in superlative form: e.g.
gay – gayer – gayest (this word is now considered old-fashioned in the sense of
‘happy; excited’, and in the present day English it is used for male homosexual).
d) the words which end in a ‘consonant’ having a ‘vowel’ before that consonant
belong to this group, and have their last consonant letter doubled before taking
‘er’ in comparative form and ‘est’ in superlative form:
red — redder — the reddest
thin — thinner — the thinnest
hot – hotter — the hottest
e) the words which have ‘two or more vowel sounds’ in them belong to this group, and take the
word “more” before them in comparative form and the word “ (the) most” in superlative form:
beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful
difficult more difficult the most difficult
splendid more splendid the most splendid
12. f) the words in this group do not take any suffix or any other
word before them, but change their spelling and pronunciation
entirely to form new words with the same meaning, of course:
good/well – better — the best
bad/evil/ill — worse — the worst
little — less/lesser* — the least
much — more — the most
many — more — the most
late — later/latter* — the latest/last*
old — older/elder* – the oldest/eldest*
far — farther — the farthest
fore — former — the foremost/first*
fore – further — the furthest
in — inner — the inmost/inner most
up — upper — the upmost/uppermost
out — outer/utter — the utmost/utter most
13. There are some words in the list that take more than one form in comparative and superlative
form.
Each of the two words gives a different meaning; therefore, it is best to know them well before
going any further in this topic.
Late – later, latter; latest, last; old – elder, older; eldest, oldest
Far – farther, further; farthest, furthest; near – nearest, next
Later, latter; latest, last
Later and latest refer to time
Latter and last refer to position
He is later than I expected (he has come late)
I have not heard the latest news. (recent news)
The latter chapters of the book are interesting(order of position)
The last chapter is bad. (order of position)
Elder, older; eldest, oldest
“Elder and eldest” are used only of persons – seniority than age.
(they are used with members of the same family.)
** “Elder” is not used with conjunction ‘than’.
“Older and oldest” are used of both persons and things – time (age)
John is my elder brother. Ahmed is his eldest son. (family relation — seniority)
Tom is older than his sister. (of people — family relation — age)
Sarah is the oldest girl in the class. (of people — no family relation – age)
example
14. Less/lesser
These two words are the comparative forms of the word ‘little’.
The difference is: “less” suggests ‘amount’, and “lesser” suggests degree showing
some ‘negative’ sense in a choice of two!
For example:
She has less money than he (has).
Which is the lesser of the two evils, drinking or smoking?
[Both ‘drinking alcohol’ and ‘smoking tobacco’ are evils, but we’d like to compare and decide which
one is more harmful – ‘more negative’ -- in this choice of two!]
Though there is a debate in the educated circles as to when and where to use which word,
“less or lesser”, the learners at this basic level need not worry much about this pair, but
keep an eye on these words and note down the examples whenever they come across these
words.
Foremost/first
These two words are synonyms, i.e. either word can be used. However, there is some difference
in their usage.
“Foremost” means ‘the best or the most important; in a top or leading position
in a group of people or things’; for example,
Gerald Durrell is one of the foremost authorities on animal protection plans.
Gerald Durrell is the first person to start a Trust (zoo) to protect the endangered species of
animals from around the world
Inmost/innermost ; upmost/uppermost; utmost/utter most
These pairs of words are synonyms. There are sentences where both these words are used for
the same context. Learners at this basic level need not worry about these pairs right now.