Nanotechnology involves understanding and controlling matter at the scale of 1 to 100 nanometers. At the nanoscale, materials exhibit unique properties not seen at larger scales which enables novel applications. Some key examples of nanoscale include carbon nanotubes, buckyballs, and quantum dots. Potential applications of nanotechnology include more powerful computers by overcoming limits of silicon chips, more efficient batteries and fuel cells, regenerative medicine, and stronger yet lighter materials. However, long term funding and intellectual property issues present obstacles to its development and commercialization.

1. Nano Technology
Shiva Prasad,shivaprasad.palle@gmail.com,+91-8008638988
Abstract:
Defination :
Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter
at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, where
unique phenomena enable novel applications.
Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering and
technology, nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring,
modeling, and manip ulating matter at this length scale.”
Why Nanotechnology?
At the nanoscale, the physical, chemical, and biological
properties of materials differ in fundamental and valuable
ways from the properties of individual atoms and molecules
or bulk matter.
Size Matters
How Big is a Nano?
# Nano = 1 billionth;100,000 x’s smaller than the diameter
of a human hair.
Examples of Nanoscale
A cubic micron of water contains about 90 billion atoms. A
micron is one thousandth of a millimeter, and a thousand
times larger than a nanometer.
Another way to visualize a nanometer:
1 inch = 25,400,000 nanometers
Disruptive Apps – Computing
1.Silicon is hitting its size limit, Moore’s law reaches
maximum in 2007
2.SuperChips –Combination of Silicon and Galium
Arsenide create wireless chips
Disruptive Apps – Energy
1.Fuel cell technology becomes cost effective within 3
years.
2.Batteries that store more energy and are much more
efficient
Key Terms You Need to Know
 BuckyBalls
 Carbon Nanotubes
 MEMS
 Quantum Dots
 Molecular Self Repair/Assembly
 MRAM/Spintronics
 Lithography
Benefits of Nanotechnology :
“The p ower of nanotechnology is rooted in its p otential to
transform and revolutionize multiple technology and
industry sectors, including aerospace, agriculture,
biotechnology, homeland security and national defense,
energy, environmental improvement, information
technology, medicine, and transportation. Discovery in
some of these areas has advanced to the point where it is
now possible to identify applications that will impact the
world we live in.”
Current Applications:
# medical diagnostics, displays, sensors, drug delivery,
composite materials, solid state lighting, bio-materials,
nano arrays, more powerful computers, protective armor,
chem-bio suits, and chem-bio sensors
Future Applications:
# 2011-15 -- nanobiomaterials, microprocessors, new
catalysts, portable energy cells, solar cells, tissue/organ
regeneration, smart implants
Obstacles and Hurdle
 Funding Requires Long-Term Investments
 Intellectual Property Issues - Patent Office that is
Overwhelmed and Under-Qualified

2. The International Race for Nanotech Supremacy :
800
600
400
200
0
Government Nanotech Funding
(In Billions)
U.S Japan Europe Other
Source: IEEE Spectrum August 2003
“Nanoscience will change the nature of almost every
human-made object in the next century.”
References:
www.nano.gov, www.science.doe.gov/nano ,
www.nnin.org