3. Introduction:
It’s the development and practical applications on a
nanometric scale
Engineering of tiny machines
Greek prefix ”nano” means a billionth
100 nanometers is the limit to observe new
properties of matter
4. What Is Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is the engineering of tiny machines—the
projected ability to make things from the bottom up, using
techniques and tools being developed today to place every
atom and molecule in a desired place. Shortly after this
envisioned molecular machinery is created, it will result in a
manufacturing revolution, probably causing severe
disruption. It also has serious economic, social,
environmental, and military implications.
5. The principles of physics do not limit our ability to manipulate
things atom by atom. It is not an attempt to violate any laws; it is
something, in principle, that can be done; but in practice, it has not
been done because we are too big.
--Richard Feynman
7. Top-down
The structure varies gradually from large (top) to
small(small)
By Feynman in 1959
The problem: repairs which arise in miniature
structures at bottom can’t be repaired by large ones
at top
8. Bottom-up
Structure varies gradually from bottom(small) to top(large)
Considered the one and only “true” nanotechnology
Limits of miniaturization are resolved
Highly useful in electronics
9. Steps to produce NANOMATERIALS
Three primary steps to produce nanomaterials
1. Ability to manipulate individual atoms
2. Development of nanoscopic
machines(assemblers)
3. Replicators are to be programmed
11. APPLICATIONS:
Strong fibers:
Basic item to produce is strong fibre
Later on replications can be made of diamonds,
water and even food
Famines can be then successfully eradicated
Atomic plants:
Hands” for handling radioactive substances
Various functions inside the inner parts of
reactors
13. Electronics(contd.)
Plasma Displays
Quantum Computers
Computers:
Moores law states that the density of the transistors
on a silicon chip is raising exponentially ( doubling )for
every 18 months. If this trend continues the size of the
transistor would reach its saturation level ( atomic level
)by 2020. Thus, in the computer industry, the ability to
shrink the size of transistors on silicon microprocessors
will soon reach its limits. Nanotechnology will be needed
to create a new generation of computer components
which makes sure that the size of the transistor will be
much much less than that of the present day ones.
Molecular computers could contain storage devices
capable of storing trillions of bytes of information in a
structure the size of a sugar cube.
16. Life Sciences:
Medicine:
Nan robotic fluids to attack and
reconstruct cancer cells
Life expectancy could increase
significantly
Delicate surgeries can be done
more precisely
Cosmetic surgeries
Speculation: aging process can
slowed down/reversed
17. Space working:
Machines with very low mass, volume and power consumption
Reconfigurable, autonomous and “thinking” spacecrafts
Ultra new and ultra small constructions and probes
18. ADVANTAGES:
Size of substances can be substantially reduced
Efficiency can be greatly improved
Production will be easy and fast
Precise substances can be produced
Strength and density factors can be improved
19. Material
With NT, we can create unique materials and
products which are:
• Stronger
• Lighter
• Durable
• Precise
20. Industrial
• Computers can become a billion times faster
and a million times smaller
•Automatic Pollution Cleanup
Medical
•End of Illnesses (i.e. cancer,
heart disease)
•Universal Immunity (i.e. aids,
flu)
•Body Sculpting (i.e. change
your appearance)
22. Disadvantages :
•Loss
etc)
of jobs (in manufacturing, farming,
•Carbon
of lungs
•Atomic
Nanotubes could cause infection
weapons could be more
accessible and destructive
23. CONCLUSION:
• Nanotechnology with all its challenges and
opportunities will become a part of our future.
• The researchers are optimistic for the products
based upon this technology.
• Nanotechnology is slowly but steadily ushering
in the new industrial revolution.
Editor's Notes
هو العالم الانكليزي وليم جلبرتفي عام 1600فارارداي 1821أديسون عام 1880