This document provides an introduction to nanotechnology. It defines nanotechnology as engineering at the nanoscale level of 100 nanometers or less. The document outlines the top-down and bottom-up approaches to producing nanomaterials and describes some key applications in electronics, materials, energy, medicine, and space. Advantages include creating stronger and more efficient materials while disadvantages could include job losses or health risks if not properly regulated. The conclusion states that nanotechnology will be a significant part of the future and usher in a new industrial revolution.

2. CONTENTS:
Introduction
What is nanotechnology?
Approaches
Steps to produce nanomaterials
Applications
Advantages
Conclusion

3. Introduction:
It’s the development and practical applications on a
nanometric scale
Engineering of tiny machines
Greek prefix ”nano” means a billionth
100 nanometers is the limit to observe new
properties of matter

4. What Is Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is the engineering of tiny machines—the
projected ability to make things from the bottom up, using
techniques and tools being developed today to place every
atom and molecule in a desired place. Shortly after this
envisioned molecular machinery is created, it will result in a
manufacturing revolution, probably causing severe
disruption. It also has serious economic, social,
environmental, and military implications.

5. The principles of physics do not limit our ability to manipulate
things atom by atom. It is not an attempt to violate any laws; it is
something, in principle, that can be done; but in practice, it has not
been done because we are too big.
--Richard Feynman

6. Approaches:
In building any nanomaterials; the available approaches i.e.
methods are
 Top-down
Bottom-up

7. Top-down
The structure varies gradually from large (top) to
small(small)
By Feynman in 1959
The problem: repairs which arise in miniature
structures at bottom can’t be repaired by large ones
at top

8. Bottom-up
Structure varies gradually from bottom(small) to top(large)
Considered the one and only “true” nanotechnology
Limits of miniaturization are resolved
Highly useful in electronics

9. Steps to produce NANOMATERIALS
Three primary steps to produce nanomaterials
1. Ability to manipulate individual atoms
2. Development of nanoscopic
machines(assemblers)
3. Replicators are to be programmed

10. Applications of Nano technology

11. APPLICATIONS:
Strong fibers:
Basic item to produce is strong fibre
Later on replications can be made of diamonds,
water and even food
Famines can be then successfully eradicated
Atomic plants:
Hands” for handling radioactive substances
Various functions inside the inner parts of
reactors

12. Electronics:
–Nano Transistors
–Nano Diodes
–OLED (Organic Light Emitting
Diode)

13. Electronics(contd.)
Plasma Displays
Quantum Computers
Computers:
Moores law states that the density of the transistors
on a silicon chip is raising exponentially ( doubling )for
every 18 months. If this trend continues the size of the
transistor would reach its saturation level ( atomic level
)by 2020. Thus, in the computer industry, the ability to
shrink the size of transistors on silicon microprocessors
will soon reach its limits. Nanotechnology will be needed
to create a new generation of computer components
which makes sure that the size of the transistor will be
much much less than that of the present day ones.
Molecular computers could contain storage devices
capable of storing trillions of bytes of information in a
structure the size of a sugar cube.

14. Energy:
–Batteries
–Fuel Cells
–Solar Cells

15. Materials:
–Nano Tubes
–Aero gel
–Nano Particles

16. Life Sciences:
Medicine:
Nan robotic fluids to attack and
reconstruct cancer cells
Life expectancy could increase
significantly
Delicate surgeries can be done
more precisely
Cosmetic surgeries
Speculation: aging process can
slowed down/reversed

17. Space working:
Machines with very low mass, volume and power consumption
Reconfigurable, autonomous and “thinking” spacecrafts
Ultra new and ultra small constructions and probes

18. ADVANTAGES:
Size of substances can be substantially reduced
Efficiency can be greatly improved
Production will be easy and fast
Precise substances can be produced
Strength and density factors can be improved

19. Material
With NT, we can create unique materials and
products which are:
• Stronger
• Lighter
• Durable
• Precise

20. Industrial
• Computers can become a billion times faster
and a million times smaller
•Automatic Pollution Cleanup
Medical
•End of Illnesses (i.e. cancer,
heart disease)
•Universal Immunity (i.e. aids,
flu)
•Body Sculpting (i.e. change
your appearance)

21. Bullet Proof Jackets:

22. Disadvantages :
•Loss
etc)
of jobs (in manufacturing, farming,
•Carbon
of lungs
•Atomic
Nanotubes could cause infection
weapons could be more
accessible and destructive

23. CONCLUSION:
• Nanotechnology with all its challenges and
opportunities will become a part of our future.
• The researchers are optimistic for the products
based upon this technology.
• Nanotechnology is slowly but steadily ushering
in the new industrial revolution.