The document provides an overview of nanotechnology, including definitions, a brief history, tools and techniques used like carbon nanotubes and nanorods, top-down and bottom-up approaches, materials used, and applications in areas such as drugs, fabrics, electronics, and computers. It discusses nanotechnology research and development in India and possibilities for the future such as nanorobotics. However, it also notes potential pitfalls like health risks from nano-particles and possible military applications.
This document provides an overview of nanotechnology, including definitions, history, tools and techniques, materials used, and applications. Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic scale (1-100 nanometers). Key developments include the scanning tunneling microscope in 1981 and carbon nanotubes. Tools like atomic force microscopes and lithography are used. Approaches include top-down (larger to smaller) and bottom-up (molecular self-assembly). Applications include drugs, fabrics, electronics, and computers. The future may bring nanorobots and programmable materials. Risks include health effects of nanoparticles.
This document provides an overview of nanotechnology. It defines nanotechnology as the study and engineering of matter at the nanoscale, or atomic level. The document outlines the history of nanotechnology from its conception in 1959 to modern applications. Key tools used in nanotechnology like atomic force microscopes and carbon nanotubes are described. The document also discusses different approaches (top-down vs bottom-up), materials used, and applications of nanotechnology in areas like drugs, fabrics, electronics, and computers. It provides examples of how nanotechnology is enhancing performance in these domains.
This document provides an overview of nanotechnology, including definitions, history, tools and techniques, materials, applications, and future possibilities. Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic or molecular scale (1-100 nanometers) and includes carbon nanotubes, nanorods, and potential future nanobots. It has a wide range of applications from drugs and fabrics to electronics, computers, and beyond. While nanotechnology promises benefits, potential pitfalls include health risks from nano-particles and potential military or replicating threats.
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic or molecular scale. It has the potential for wide applications in areas like medicine, electronics, materials and more. Some key aspects covered in the document include a brief history of nanotechnology; tools used like atomic force microscopes; nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes and nanorods; approaches like top-down and bottom-up manufacturing; and current and potential future applications in areas such as cancer treatment, fabrics, electronics and computers. Concerns regarding the pitfalls of nanotechnology are also discussed, such as potential health risks if nanoparticles enter the body.
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic and molecular scale. It has many applications in fields like electronics, materials science, medicine, and more. Some key points:
- It allows engineering of functional systems at the nanometer scale (1-100 nm) which is around the size of atoms and molecules.
- Tools like atomic force microscopes and scanning tunneling microscopes enabled the study and engineering of matter at the nanoscale.
- Nanotechnology is used in areas like drug delivery, cancer treatment, stain-resistant and antibacterial fabrics, flexible electronics, solar cells, and more powerful computers.
- India has initiatives like the Nano Science and Technology Initiative and Nanoscience and Technology Mission
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic and molecular scale. It has various applications in fields like electronics, materials, medicine and more. Some key points:
1. It allows developing new materials and devices with improved properties by controlling structures at the nanoscale.
2. Tools like atomic force microscopes and scanning tunneling microscopes enabled research. Carbon nanotubes, nanorods and nanobots are examples of nanomaterials.
3. Applications include using silver nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes in fabrics and medicines, developing flexible electronics and improving computer chips.
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic or molecular scale. It has many potential applications in areas like medicine, electronics, materials and computing. Some key points:
- It allows precise engineering at the nanoscale of 1-100 nanometers. Tools like STMs and AFMs are used.
- Applications include carbon nanotubes for strong lightweight materials, quantum dots for displays, and nanobots potentially for drug delivery and environmental remediation.
- Challenges include potential health effects of nanoparticles and risks of military applications like self-replicating viruses or runaway nanobots. Both top-down and bottom-up assembly approaches are used in nanotechnology.
This document provides an overview of nanotechnology, including definitions, history, tools and techniques, materials used, and applications. Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic scale (1-100 nanometers). Key developments include the scanning tunneling microscope in 1981 and carbon nanotubes. Tools like atomic force microscopes and lithography are used. Approaches include top-down (larger to smaller) and bottom-up (molecular self-assembly). Applications include drugs, fabrics, electronics, and computers. The future may bring nanorobots and programmable materials. Risks include health effects of nanoparticles.
This document provides an overview of nanotechnology. It defines nanotechnology as the study and engineering of matter at the nanoscale, or atomic level. The document outlines the history of nanotechnology from its conception in 1959 to modern applications. Key tools used in nanotechnology like atomic force microscopes and carbon nanotubes are described. The document also discusses different approaches (top-down vs bottom-up), materials used, and applications of nanotechnology in areas like drugs, fabrics, electronics, and computers. It provides examples of how nanotechnology is enhancing performance in these domains.
This document provides an overview of nanotechnology, including definitions, history, tools and techniques, materials, applications, and future possibilities. Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic or molecular scale (1-100 nanometers) and includes carbon nanotubes, nanorods, and potential future nanobots. It has a wide range of applications from drugs and fabrics to electronics, computers, and beyond. While nanotechnology promises benefits, potential pitfalls include health risks from nano-particles and potential military or replicating threats.
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic or molecular scale. It has the potential for wide applications in areas like medicine, electronics, materials and more. Some key aspects covered in the document include a brief history of nanotechnology; tools used like atomic force microscopes; nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes and nanorods; approaches like top-down and bottom-up manufacturing; and current and potential future applications in areas such as cancer treatment, fabrics, electronics and computers. Concerns regarding the pitfalls of nanotechnology are also discussed, such as potential health risks if nanoparticles enter the body.
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic and molecular scale. It has many applications in fields like electronics, materials science, medicine, and more. Some key points:
- It allows engineering of functional systems at the nanometer scale (1-100 nm) which is around the size of atoms and molecules.
- Tools like atomic force microscopes and scanning tunneling microscopes enabled the study and engineering of matter at the nanoscale.
- Nanotechnology is used in areas like drug delivery, cancer treatment, stain-resistant and antibacterial fabrics, flexible electronics, solar cells, and more powerful computers.
- India has initiatives like the Nano Science and Technology Initiative and Nanoscience and Technology Mission
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic and molecular scale. It has various applications in fields like electronics, materials, medicine and more. Some key points:
1. It allows developing new materials and devices with improved properties by controlling structures at the nanoscale.
2. Tools like atomic force microscopes and scanning tunneling microscopes enabled research. Carbon nanotubes, nanorods and nanobots are examples of nanomaterials.
3. Applications include using silver nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes in fabrics and medicines, developing flexible electronics and improving computer chips.
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic or molecular scale. It has many potential applications in areas like medicine, electronics, materials and computing. Some key points:
- It allows precise engineering at the nanoscale of 1-100 nanometers. Tools like STMs and AFMs are used.
- Applications include carbon nanotubes for strong lightweight materials, quantum dots for displays, and nanobots potentially for drug delivery and environmental remediation.
- Challenges include potential health effects of nanoparticles and risks of military applications like self-replicating viruses or runaway nanobots. Both top-down and bottom-up assembly approaches are used in nanotechnology.
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic or molecular scale. A nanometer is one billionth of a meter. Key tools for nanotechnology include scanning probes like atomic force microscopes and scanning tunneling microscopes. Applications include carbon nanotubes in electronics, fabrics that are water or stain resistant, and flexible displays using nanowires. Nanotechnology may enable lighter, stronger materials and advance fields like energy, medicine, and space exploration, but risks include health impacts of nano-particles and potential military uses.
This is a complete basic and short guide about Nanotechnology i.e. what it means, what it will do, its applications, its uses, its future, disadvantages and almost everything. I make it little bit eye catchy and funnier by adding relative graphics and pictures so you can never get bored. At the end you found it 1000 times more interesting and funnier. Enjoy my work world.
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic or molecular scale. It allows materials and devices to be constructed from individual atoms or molecules. There are two main approaches - top-down, where nano-objects are created from larger entities, and bottom-up, using chemical assembly. Nanotechnology has applications in areas like electronics, materials, medicine and energy. It promises benefits like more efficient solar cells, drug delivery systems that target diseases, and stronger yet lighter materials. However, health and environmental risks also need to be addressed as nano-particles could potentially damage cells.
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic or molecular scale. It allows scientists to build structures to specific atomic specifications ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers in size. Key tools used in nanotechnology include scanning probes like atomic force microscopes and techniques like lithography which can precisely construct nanostructures. Potential applications of nanotechnology include more effective drug delivery systems, stronger and lighter materials, flexible electronics, and advanced computer chips. While nanotechnology promises many benefits, potential risks also exist and more research is still needed to realize its future possibilities while avoiding unintended consequences.
Nanotechnology involves engineering materials at the nanoscale, around 1 to 100 nanometers. Richard Feynman is considered the father of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology has applications in many fields including electronics, computing, medicine, cosmetics, foods, the military, and energy. By 2020, products with nanotechnology components could be worth $1 trillion. Materials behave differently at the nanoscale compared to larger scales due to statistical mechanics and quantum effects. Nanotechnology is approached through top-down methods like lithography or bottom-up methods like self-assembly.
This document provides an overview of nanotechnology. It begins with definitions of nanotechnology as the study and manipulation of matter at the atomic scale, with a nanometer being one billionth of a meter. The document then discusses the history of nanotechnology from Richard Feynman's 1959 talk introducing the concept to modern developments like the scanning tunneling microscope. Tools and techniques used in nanotechnology like lithography and microscopes are described. Specific nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes, nanorods, and nanobots are explained. The wide applications of nanotechnology in areas like electronics, medicine, fabrics and more are outlined. The future potential of nanotechnology is also mentioned.
Nanotechnology allows the precise placement of small structures at low cost, leading to economic growth, enhanced security, improved quality of life, and job creation. There are top-down and bottom-up approaches to nanoscale fabrication. Key tools include carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and nanobots. Carbon nanotubes have exceptional strength and can penetrate cell walls, making them useful for applications like cancer treatment, sensors, electronics, and solar cells. Quantum dots can be used in displays and MEMS due to their reflectivity properties. Nanobots only a few nanometers in size could count molecules and potentially be used for detection, drug delivery, and biomedical instrumentation. Nanotechnology has many applications including electronics, energy,
Nanotechnology and Its Applications which are related to the field of engineering and mainly bio-nanotechnology, electronics and green nanotechnology in India.
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the nanoscale, between 1 to 100 nanometers. It can be used to create new materials and devices with unique properties. Some common nanomaterials include carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanowires, and quantum dots. Nanotechnology has applications in engineering like improving the strength of materials, electronics by enabling smaller devices, medicine for targeted drug delivery, and more. However, there are also concerns about the health and environmental impacts of nanoparticles that need further research. The future prospects of nanotechnology include overcoming challenges like cost to enable widespread applications across many industries.
Nanotechnology involves the study and manipulation of matter at the nanoscale, generally 1 to 100 nanometers. It is an emerging field with applications in materials science, electronics, medicine and more. Some key developments include Richard Feynman's vision of molecular nanotechnology in 1959, the discovery of fullerenes in 1985, and the invention of carbon nanotubes. Nanomaterials like nanoparticles, nanowires and quantum dots are being used in areas such as filtration, energy storage, and electronics. The future promises further advances in fields like healthcare, computing, and clean energy through nanotechnology.
A presentation about nanoelectronics-what it is and why it is used widely nowadays, its advantages and industrial applications and the future use. Also describes some problems faced by nanoelectronics.
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic and molecular scale. It has various applications in fields like materials science, electronics, biomedicine and energy. Some key advantages of nanotechnology include creating stronger and lighter materials while disadvantages could include potential health risks. The future may see advances like disease cures, pollution cleanup and molecular manufacturing using nanorobotics. India is actively researching nanotechnology through initiatives like the Nano Science and Technology Mission.
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic scale between 1 to 100 nanometers. It can be used in electronics to overcome limitations of microelectronics like physical size and cost. Common applications of nanotechnology in electronics include increasing memory density, improving displays, reducing transistor size, and lowering power consumption. Future applications may include flexible electronics using graphene, wireless devices, and molecular devices using molecules as switches consuming less current. Nanotechnology allows continuing improvement of electronics according to Moore's law.
Nanotechnology involves the study and manipulation of matter at the nanoscale, generally between 1 to 100 nanometers. At this scale, materials exhibit unique properties and nanotechnology is being applied across various fields such as medicine, electronics, and environmental protection. Some current medical applications include cancer treatment using targeted drug delivery and new diagnostic tools. Electronics applications include more powerful computers and improved solar cells.
Nanotechnology involves working at the nanoscale level between 1 to 100 nanometers. It can be used to create new materials and devices with unique properties not seen in larger structures. There are two main approaches - top-down and bottom-up. Top-down begins with bulk material and cuts it down to the nano size, while bottom-up builds nanostructures from individual atoms and molecules. Nanotechnology has many applications in medicine like drug delivery, electronics with smaller transistors, renewable energy, and more. However, there are also concerns about potential health effects and environmental impacts that require further research before widespread adoption. The future of nanotechnology looks promising but careful development is needed to address challenges.
This document provides an overview of nanotechnology, including:
1) Definitions of nanotechnology as engineering at the molecular scale from 1-100 nanometers.
2) A brief history of nanotechnology concepts from the 1980s to today.
3) Examples of nanotechnology applications in electronics, materials, robotics, biotechnology, and medicine like OLED displays, solar cells, cancer detection, and drug delivery.
4) Potential future developments and impacts of nanotechnology across many industries.
This document provides an overview of nanotechnology, including its definition, history, current applications, and future potential. It defines nanotechnology as the manipulation of matter at the nanoscale (1 billionth of a meter) to create new materials and devices. Some key points:
1) Nanotechnology is inspired by structures found in nature and was pioneered in the 1950s. Current applications include graphene for electronics, organic solar cells, printed electronic displays, and molecular robots for medical applications.
2) Future applications could include ultra-strong lightweight materials for construction, self-cleaning adaptive buildings, highly efficient solar energy, early disease detection chips, artificial organs produced with nanomedicine, and technologies to reverse climate change
The design, characterization, and application of structures, devices, and systems by controlled manipulation of size and shape of materials at the nanometer scale (atomic, molecular, and macromolecular scale
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...Travis Hills MN
By harnessing the power of High Flux Vacuum Membrane Distillation, Travis Hills from MN envisions a future where clean and safe drinking water is accessible to all, regardless of geographical location or economic status.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
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Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic or molecular scale. A nanometer is one billionth of a meter. Key tools for nanotechnology include scanning probes like atomic force microscopes and scanning tunneling microscopes. Applications include carbon nanotubes in electronics, fabrics that are water or stain resistant, and flexible displays using nanowires. Nanotechnology may enable lighter, stronger materials and advance fields like energy, medicine, and space exploration, but risks include health impacts of nano-particles and potential military uses.
This is a complete basic and short guide about Nanotechnology i.e. what it means, what it will do, its applications, its uses, its future, disadvantages and almost everything. I make it little bit eye catchy and funnier by adding relative graphics and pictures so you can never get bored. At the end you found it 1000 times more interesting and funnier. Enjoy my work world.
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic or molecular scale. It allows materials and devices to be constructed from individual atoms or molecules. There are two main approaches - top-down, where nano-objects are created from larger entities, and bottom-up, using chemical assembly. Nanotechnology has applications in areas like electronics, materials, medicine and energy. It promises benefits like more efficient solar cells, drug delivery systems that target diseases, and stronger yet lighter materials. However, health and environmental risks also need to be addressed as nano-particles could potentially damage cells.
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic or molecular scale. It allows scientists to build structures to specific atomic specifications ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers in size. Key tools used in nanotechnology include scanning probes like atomic force microscopes and techniques like lithography which can precisely construct nanostructures. Potential applications of nanotechnology include more effective drug delivery systems, stronger and lighter materials, flexible electronics, and advanced computer chips. While nanotechnology promises many benefits, potential risks also exist and more research is still needed to realize its future possibilities while avoiding unintended consequences.
Nanotechnology involves engineering materials at the nanoscale, around 1 to 100 nanometers. Richard Feynman is considered the father of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology has applications in many fields including electronics, computing, medicine, cosmetics, foods, the military, and energy. By 2020, products with nanotechnology components could be worth $1 trillion. Materials behave differently at the nanoscale compared to larger scales due to statistical mechanics and quantum effects. Nanotechnology is approached through top-down methods like lithography or bottom-up methods like self-assembly.
This document provides an overview of nanotechnology. It begins with definitions of nanotechnology as the study and manipulation of matter at the atomic scale, with a nanometer being one billionth of a meter. The document then discusses the history of nanotechnology from Richard Feynman's 1959 talk introducing the concept to modern developments like the scanning tunneling microscope. Tools and techniques used in nanotechnology like lithography and microscopes are described. Specific nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes, nanorods, and nanobots are explained. The wide applications of nanotechnology in areas like electronics, medicine, fabrics and more are outlined. The future potential of nanotechnology is also mentioned.
Nanotechnology allows the precise placement of small structures at low cost, leading to economic growth, enhanced security, improved quality of life, and job creation. There are top-down and bottom-up approaches to nanoscale fabrication. Key tools include carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and nanobots. Carbon nanotubes have exceptional strength and can penetrate cell walls, making them useful for applications like cancer treatment, sensors, electronics, and solar cells. Quantum dots can be used in displays and MEMS due to their reflectivity properties. Nanobots only a few nanometers in size could count molecules and potentially be used for detection, drug delivery, and biomedical instrumentation. Nanotechnology has many applications including electronics, energy,
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Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the nanoscale, between 1 to 100 nanometers. It can be used to create new materials and devices with unique properties. Some common nanomaterials include carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanowires, and quantum dots. Nanotechnology has applications in engineering like improving the strength of materials, electronics by enabling smaller devices, medicine for targeted drug delivery, and more. However, there are also concerns about the health and environmental impacts of nanoparticles that need further research. The future prospects of nanotechnology include overcoming challenges like cost to enable widespread applications across many industries.
Nanotechnology involves the study and manipulation of matter at the nanoscale, generally 1 to 100 nanometers. It is an emerging field with applications in materials science, electronics, medicine and more. Some key developments include Richard Feynman's vision of molecular nanotechnology in 1959, the discovery of fullerenes in 1985, and the invention of carbon nanotubes. Nanomaterials like nanoparticles, nanowires and quantum dots are being used in areas such as filtration, energy storage, and electronics. The future promises further advances in fields like healthcare, computing, and clean energy through nanotechnology.
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Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic and molecular scale. It has various applications in fields like materials science, electronics, biomedicine and energy. Some key advantages of nanotechnology include creating stronger and lighter materials while disadvantages could include potential health risks. The future may see advances like disease cures, pollution cleanup and molecular manufacturing using nanorobotics. India is actively researching nanotechnology through initiatives like the Nano Science and Technology Mission.
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic scale between 1 to 100 nanometers. It can be used in electronics to overcome limitations of microelectronics like physical size and cost. Common applications of nanotechnology in electronics include increasing memory density, improving displays, reducing transistor size, and lowering power consumption. Future applications may include flexible electronics using graphene, wireless devices, and molecular devices using molecules as switches consuming less current. Nanotechnology allows continuing improvement of electronics according to Moore's law.
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This document provides an overview of nanotechnology, including:
1) Definitions of nanotechnology as engineering at the molecular scale from 1-100 nanometers.
2) A brief history of nanotechnology concepts from the 1980s to today.
3) Examples of nanotechnology applications in electronics, materials, robotics, biotechnology, and medicine like OLED displays, solar cells, cancer detection, and drug delivery.
4) Potential future developments and impacts of nanotechnology across many industries.
This document provides an overview of nanotechnology, including its definition, history, current applications, and future potential. It defines nanotechnology as the manipulation of matter at the nanoscale (1 billionth of a meter) to create new materials and devices. Some key points:
1) Nanotechnology is inspired by structures found in nature and was pioneered in the 1950s. Current applications include graphene for electronics, organic solar cells, printed electronic displays, and molecular robots for medical applications.
2) Future applications could include ultra-strong lightweight materials for construction, self-cleaning adaptive buildings, highly efficient solar energy, early disease detection chips, artificial organs produced with nanomedicine, and technologies to reverse climate change
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Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
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Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
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The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
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The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
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collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
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the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
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Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
2. Topics of the day
• Introduction
• Defination
• History
• Timeline
• Tools & techniques
▫ Carbon nanotubes
▫ Nanorods
▫ Nanobots
• Approaches used
▫ Top-down
▫ Bottom-up
• Materials used
• Application
▫ Drugs
▫ Fabrics
▫ Mobiles
▫ Electronics
▫ Computers
▫ Other uses
• Nanotechnology in INDIA
• Possiblities for future
• Pitfalls of nanotechnology.
3. NANO & TECHNOLOGY
• A Nanometre is a unit of length in the metric
system, equal to one billionth of a metre(10-9).
• Technology is the making, usage, and
knowledge of tools, machines and techniques, in
order to solve a problem or perform a specific
function.
4. Defination
• Nanotechnology is the
study of manipulating
matter on an atomic scale.
• Nanotechnology refers
to the constructing and
engineering of the
functional systems at very
micro level or we can say at
atomic level.
• A Nanometer is one
billionth of a meter,
roughly the width of three
or four atoms. The average
human hair is about
25,000 nanometers wide.
5. History
• The first ever concept was presented
in 1959 by the famous professor of
physics Dr. Richard P.Feynman.
• Invention of the scanning
tunneling microscope in 1981 and
the discovery of fullerene(C60) in
1985 lead to the emergence
of nanotechnology.
• The term “Nano-technology" had
been coined by Norio Taniguchi in
1974
6. • The early 2000s also saw the
beginnings of commercial
applications of nanotechnology,
although these were limited to
bulk application of
nanomaterials.
• Silver nano platform for
using silver- nanoparticles as an
antibacterial agent
, nanoparticle-based
transparent sunscreens,
and carbon nanotubes for
stain-resistant textiles.
9. Tools & Technology
• There are several important modern developments.
▫ The atomic force microscope (AFM).
▫ The Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) are
scanning probes that launched nanotechnology.
• Various techniques of nanolithography such as:
▫ optical lithography.
▫ X-ray lithography,
▫ Dip pen nanolithography
▫ Electron beam lithography(inkjet printer)
were also developed.
Lithography in MEMS context is typically the
transfer of a pattern into a photosensitive
material by selective exposure to a
radiation source such as light.
10. Carbon Nanotube
• Carbon nanotubes are allotropes of carbon
with a cylindrical nanostructure.
• They have length-to-diameter ratio of upto
132,000,000:1.
• Nanotubes are members of the fullerene structural family. Their name is
derived from their long, hollow structure with the walls formed by one-atom-
thick sheets of carbon, called graphene.
• Properties
▫ Highest strength to weight ratio, helps
in creating light weight spacecrafts.
▫ Easily penetrate membranes such as
cell walls. Helps in cancer treatment.
▫ Electrical resistance changes significantly when other molecules attach
themselves to the carbon atoms. Helps in developing sensors that can
detect chemical vapours.
11. Carbon Nanotube
• Application
▫ Easton-Bell Sports, Inc. using
CNT in making bicycle component.
▫ Zyvex Technologies using CNT for
manufacturing of light weight boats.
▫ Replacing transistors from the silicon
chips as they are small and emits less
heat.
▫ In electric cables and wires
▫ In solar cells
▫ In fabrics
12. Nanorods(quantum dots)
• Nanorods are one morphology of nanoscale
objects.
• Dimensions range from 1–100 nm.
• They may be synthesized from metals or semiconducting
materials.
• A combination of ligands act as shape control agents and
bond to different facets of the nanorod with different
strengths. This allows different faces of the nanorod to grow
at different rates, producing an elongated object.
USES:
▫ In display technologies, because the reflectivity of the
rods can be changed by changing their orientation with
an applied electric field.
▫ In microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).
▫ In cancer therapeutics.
13. Nanobots
• Close to the scale of 10-9.
• Largely in R&d phase .
• Nanobots of 1.5 nanometers across, capable
of counting specific molecules in a chemical sample.
• Since nanorobots would be microscopic in size, it would probably be
necessary for very large numbers of them to work together to perform
microscopic and macroscopic tasks.
• Capable of replication using environmental resources .
• Application:
▫ Detection of toxic components in
environment.
▫ In drug delivery.
▫ Biomedical instrumention.
14. Approaches in nanotechnology
1. Bottom up:
In the bottom up approach different
materials and devices are
constructed from molecular
components of their own. They
chemically assemble themselves by
recognizing the molecules of their
own breed.
• Examples of molecular self
assembly are Watson crick base
pairing , nano-lithoghraphy .
15. 2. Top down:
In top down approach nano objects and
materials are created by larger entities
without bouncing its atomic reactions
usually top down approach is practiced less
as compared to the bottom up approach.
• Solid-state techniques can also be used
to create devices known as
nanoelectromechanical systems or
NEMS, which are related to
microelctromechanical systems or
MEMS.
• MEMS became practical once they could be
fabricated using modified semiconductor
device fabrication technologies, normally
used to make electronics.
18. Nanotechnology in Drugs(Cancer)
• Provide new options for drug delivery and drug
therapies.
• Enable drugs to be delivered to precisely the right
location in the body and release drug doses on
a predetermined schedule for optimal treatment.
• Attach the drug to a nanosized carrier.
• They become localized at the disease site, i.e cancer
tumour.
• Then they release medicine that kills the tumour.
• Current treatment is through radiotherapy or
chemotherapy.
• Nanobots can clear the blockage in arteries.
19. Nanotechnology in Fabrics
• The properties of familiar materials are
being changed by manufacturers who are
adding nano-sized components to
conventional materials to improve
performance.
▫ For example, some clothing
manufacturers are making water and
stain repellent clothing using nano-
sized whiskers in the fabric that cause
water to bead up on the surface.
▫ In manufacturing bullet proof jackets.
▫ Making spill & dirt resistant,
antimicrobial, antibacterial fabrics.
20. Nanotechnology in Mobile
• Morph, a nanotechnology concept device
developed by Nokia Research Center (NRC) and
the University of Cambridge (UK).
• The Morph will be super hydrophobic making
it extremely dirt repellent.
• It will be able to charge itself from available light sources using
photovoltaic nanowire grass covering it's surface.
• Nanoscale electronics also allow stretching. Nokia envisage that a
nanoscale mesh of fibers will allow our mobile devices to be bent,
stretched and folded into any number of conceivable shapes.
21. Nanotechnology in Electronics
• Electrodes made from nanowires enable
flat panel displays to be flexible as well
as thinner than current flat panel
displays.
▫ Nanolithography is used for
fabrication of chips.
▫ The transistors are made of
nanowires, that are assembled on
glass or thin films of flexible plastic.
▫ E-paper, displays on sunglasses and
map on car windshields.
22. Nanotechnology in computers
• The silicon transistors in your computer may be
replaced by transistors based on carbon nanotubes.
• A carbon nanotube is a molecule in form of a hollow
cylinder with a diameter of around a nanometer
which consists of pure carbon.
• Nanorods is a upcoming technology in the displays
techniques due to less consumption of electricity and
less heat emission.
• Size of the microprocessors are reduced to greater
extend.
• Researchers at North Carolina State University says
that growing arrays of magnetic nanoparticles, called
nanodots.
23. • Hewett Packard is developing a memory device that uses nanowires
coated with titanium dioxide.
• One group of these nanowires is deposited parallel to another group.
• When a perpendicular nanowire is laid over a group of parallel
wires, at each intersection a device called a memristor is formed.
• A memristor can be used as a single-component memory cell in an
integrated circuit.
• By reducing the diameter of the nanowires, researchers believe
memristor memory chips can achieve higher memory density than
flash memory chips.
• Magnetic nanowires made of an alloy of iron and nickel are being
used to create dense memory devices.
24. • Chips produced by Intel before “i” series processors were between
65nm -45nm.
• Later with the help of nanotechnolgy 22nm chips were made which
itself is a milestone.
• Advantages of using carbon nanotubes:
▫ Faster and smaller- carbon nanotubes can be used to produce
smaller and faster components.
▫ This will also result in computers that consume less energy.
▫ High speed and high capacity memory.
▫ Allows circuits to be more accurate on the atomic level.
25. Other uses
• Cutting tools made of nanocrystalline materials, such as tungsten
carbide, tantalum carbide and titanium carbide, are more wear and
erosion-resistant, and last longer than their conventional
counterparts.
• Silver nanocrystals have been embedded in bandages to kill bacteria
and prevent infection.
• Nanoparticulate-based synthetic bone
▫ Formed by manipulating calcium and phosphate at the molecular level.
• Aerogels lightest known solid due to good insulating properties is
used in space suits and are proposed to use in space craft.
26. Nanotechnology in India
• IIT Mumbai is the premier organization in the field of nanotechnology.
• Research in the field of health, environment, medicines are still on.
• Starting in 2001 the Government of India launched the Nano Science
and Technology Initiative (NSTI).
• Then in 2007 the Nanoscience and Technology Mission 2007 was
initiated with an allocation of Rupees 1000 crores for a period of five
years.
• The main objectives of the Nano Mission are:
- basic research promotion,
- infrastructure development for carrying out front-ranking research,
- development of nano technologies and their applications,
- human resource development and
- international collaborations.
28. Possibilities for the future
• Nanotechnology may make it possible to manufacture lighter,
stronger, and programmable materials that
▫ require less energy to produce than conventional material
▫ and that promise greater fuel efficiency in land transportation,
ships, aircraft, and space vehicles.
• The future of nanotechnology could very well include the use of
nanorobotics.
• These nanorobots have the potential to take on human tasks as well
as tasks that humans could never complete. The rebuilding of the
depleted ozone layer could potentially be able to be performed.
29. • There would be an entire nano surgical field to help cure everything
from natural aging to diabetes to bone spurs.
• There would be almost nothing that couldn’t be repaired
(eventually) with the introduction of nano surgery.
30. Pitfalls of nanotechnology
▫ Nano-particles can get into the body through the skin, lungs and
digestive system, thus creating free radicals that can cause cell
damage.
▫ Once nano-particles are in the bloodstream, they will be able to
cross the blood-brain barrier.
▫ The most dangerous Nano-application use for military purposes is
the Nano-bomb that contain engineered self multiplying deadly
viruses that can continue to wipe out a community, country or even
a civilization.
▫ Nanobots because of their replicating behavior can be big threat
for GRAY GOO.
31. Bottom Line
"The Next Big Thing Is Really Small”
Saudi's History with Nanotechnology
One of the earliest efforts to establish nanotechnology research
in the Kingdom was the creation of the King Abdullah Institute
for Nanotechnology at King Saud University in 2006. The
institute's goal was to conduct research in nanoscience and
nanotechnology and to train Saudi students in these fields.
Since then, the institute has produced a significant amount of
research in areas such as nanomedicine, nanoelectronics, and
nanomaterials.