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Nadine Armstrong 2016_03_30 urban agriculture and beekeeping
- 1. Urban Agriculture and Beekeeping Kori Nadine Armstrong http://www.forwardthinkingmuseum.com/exhibitions/solo_tourneret_03.php
- 2. What is Urban Agriculture? Definition: the practice of cultivating, processing, and distributing crops/animals in, or around a village, town, or city. Integrated into and interacting w/ the urban economic and ecological system. Practiced by over 800 million people worldwide. Takes place intra-urban (within-city limits) or peri- urban (urban outskirts) Arose due to rapid urbanization and rising population levels. Provides a complementary strategy to reduce urban poverty & enhance food security and environmental management http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/photos/urban- farming/#/earth-day-urban-farming-new-york-rooftop_51631_600x450.jpg Brooklyn Grange in New York grows more than 50,000 pounds of produce each year in its rooftop gardens. Photo © Brooklyn Grange Rooftop Farm / Anastasia Cole Plakias. (Ensia “Urban Farming is Booming But What Does It Really Yield?”
- 3. Importance of Urban Agriculture Growing populations Increased urbanization See expansion of megacities: over 10 million people i.e Mexico City, Tokyo http://www.megacities.uni-koeln.de/documentation/ http://wolfguenterthiel.blogspot.com/2013/08/megacities-mexico-city-mexico-city-is.html
- 4. Importance of Urban Agriculture (cont.) Industrial agriculture consequences Growing expense of biofuel Production and transportation Monocrops Diseases Food Shortages Environmental impact of cities “heat islands” Food deserts Impact on quality of life Fair World Project
- 5. Types of Urban Agriculture Micro-farming (in and around the home) Roof gardens, container gardens, traditional backyard gardens, raised beds Community gardens Institutional gardens Schools, churches, prisons https://www.google.com/search?q=backyard+garden&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjhybHbi-TLAhVD6yYKHX- UCQYQ_AUIBygB&biw=1280&bih=939#tbm=isch&q=urban+garden&imgrc=uo3qIHwSch1foM%3A
- 6. Types of Urban Agriculture (cont.) Small-scale horticulturalists Small-scale livestock/fish-farming Chickens, goats, tilapia, trout, BEES Small-scale specialist producers Mushroom farming Large-scale agro-enterprises Bring large amounts of food to dense urban populations https://www.google.com/search?q=urban+farmers&espv=2&biw=1280&bih=939&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjI__LeoOTLAhWENiYKHV2hAZsQ_A C#imgrc=niJV5tht7Rb_vM%3Ahttp://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anthfood/afurbanfarming.html http://grocycle.com/urban-mushroom-farm/
- 7. So what are the benefits of urban agriculture? Educational/ skill-building Local food Improved food security and household diet quality Biodiversity Less transportation Reduces transit-related costs, carbon emissions Economic development Local restaurants Farmers markets, Whole Foods, Wal-Mart Mental health and social benefits Reduces waste Last longer on shelves and refrigerators Composting https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/20140707/lincoln-square/community-gardeners-converge-on-chicago-for-national-conferenc http://foodtank.com/news/2015/07/urban-farms-and-gardens-are-feeding-cities-around-the-world
- 8. Composting Often goes hand-in-hand with urban agriculture. Enriches soil Encourages production of beneficial micro-organisms. Helps clean contaminated soil Absorbs odors and treats semi-volatile and volatile organic compounds. Economic benefits Reduces need for water, fertilizers, and pesticides. https://www.epa.gov/sustainable-management-food http://www.charlestonparksconservancy.org/blogs/view_article/looking_at_an_urban_farm http://www.freshwatercleveland.com/features/foodwaste111215.aspx
- 9. So what are the benefits of urban agriculture? (cont.) Environmental Vertical gardens and wastewater Control building temperature Smog Utilization of space Urban design appeal Urban farms make good neighbors http://www.cityfarmer.info/2012/02/27/urban-agriculture-minneapolis-needs-your-voice/ http://inhabitat.com/kasetsart-university-in-thailand-builds-an-innovative-rooftop-garden-on-campus/kasetsart-university- urban-farm-vertical-green-block1/
- 10. Urban Agriculture and Beekeeping Rise in urban beekeeping (along w/ other types of sustainable development and green building) in past few years. White House 70,000 bees Chicago City-managed apiaries New York, Denver, Milwaukee, Santa Monica All recently legalized beekeeping. Beekeeper Michael Thompson applies smoke to settle down the more than 1000,000 bees in a hive on top of City Hall in Chicago. (WBUR) http://citybees.blogspot.com/2009/03/excellent-white-house-bee-adventure.html
- 11. Why the buzz? Pollination services Community gardens Bolsters local economies Restaurants, grocery stores, natural remedies shops Bee catchers Local food movement Honey, beeswax, propolis, royal jelly, pollen Health benefits Alternative to sugar Allergies Stress Relief Get back to nature http://www.cityfarmer.info/2012/06/27/forward-thinking-museum-exhibits-eric-tournerets-urban-beekeeping-photos/ Noah Link checks on his bees at Food Field, a commercial farm in Detroit. Photo by Marcin Szczepanski.
- 12. Why the buzz? Pollination services Community gardens Bolsters local economies Restaurants, grocery stores, natural remedies shops Bee catchers Local food movement Honey, beeswax, propolis, royal jelly, pollen Health benefits Alternative to sugar Allergies Stress Relief Get back to nature Environmental Helps offset Colony Collapse Disorder.
- 13. Bees Benefit as Well City’s abundant and mostly pesticide-free flowers Biodiversity Organic gardening trend Vs. monocultures in countryside Longer nectar flow in cities People planting flowers that bloom spring to fall Beekeeping methods in cities Small-scale beekeepers in cities usually rely on natural, non-chemical beekeeping practices. Build hives from local “survivor bees” Result: Healthier bees https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beekeeping Rooftop Bees in Brooklyn (Popular Mechanics)
- 14. Possible Cons Too many bees in one city. Competing for food and airspace Swarms Expanding hives Solution: Give them room or move them Note: Swarming bees are not usually aggressive Stings Solution: proper hive placement Away from heavy traffic Fencing Signs Overall thought: Pros outweigh cons. JP “The Beeman”
- 15. Additional Readings and Questions
Editor's Notes
- With seven billion mouths to feed, human agriculture exerts a tremendous toll on the planet, from water draws to pollution, and from energy use to habitat loss. But there is also a growing set of solutions, from organic agriculture to integrated pest management.”- National Geographic
- Since the early 70s, there’s been an increase in megacities. Show Chart Food deserts- an urban food desert is usually a blighted urban area with plenty of convenience stores, liquor stores, fast food joints, but without access to healthy foods like fruits and vegetables. It’s easy to find processed foods but devoid of real food. Impact on Quality of life- families from deprived neighborhoods have economic limitations in access to food tend to consume foods that are primarily made of refined grains and sugars because they are lower in cost. These people are proned to develop diabetes and obesity. Malnutrition. Environmental impact: the term “heat island” describes built up areas that are hotter than nearby rural areas. The annual mean air temperature in a city with 1 million people can be 1.8-5.4 degrees warmer that its surroundings and in the evening, the difference can be as high as 22 degrees. So in the summertime, heat islands can affect communities by increasing energy costs (AC costs), air pollution, greenhouse gas emmisions, heat-related illnesses/mortality, and water quality. (https://www.epa.gov/heat-islands) Heat islands caused by pavements and building storing sun’s energy, large amounts of emission from transportation, lack of green spaces to cool the area.
- Small-scale specialist- niche markets Also can break down by ground level, roof level (open air vs greenhouse) Truck farm: 2 guys in Brooklyn. Food project that travels to food deserts. CSA project (Community supported agriculture $20 a share)
- https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20120118/manhattan/raising-trashcan-tilapia-is-latest-trend-urban-farming http://modernfarmer.com/2014/06/idyllic-detroit-qa-billionaire-goat-farmer-mark-spitznagel/
- Education Many people who live in urban areas do not have a relation with their food. Many do not know where their food comes from. Uneducated on the fact that weather and pollution affects their food supply. By physically farming, people learn to appreciate the environment and where their food comes from. It’s also proven to teach kids about healthy eating and meaningful physical activity. Utilization of space -makes use of vacant lots/spaces -though land is scarce in cities, often roofs are left bare and unused. Urban farming can make use of these spaces. Local food – by using roofs and other open spaces in cities, vegetable farms can produce up to 10% of the vegetables they consume. (Today 50% of the world’s population lives in cities) Improved food security- you know where your food is grown, and it can be grown w/out the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers Less transportation- there is no transportation needed if your vegetables are grown on your roof. (Nearly all food in cities are imported) -This also means no need for refrigeration and preservatives. (Tranportation causes damage and waste of food) Economic development- Urban farming provides employment, income, and access to food for urban populations, which together contributes to relieve chronic and emergency food insecurity. Mental health and social benefits- Relives stress. in cities, neighbors seldom communicate. Urban farming gets people to meet (in the AM). Share their passions and sometimes harvest. Interact. Creates a sense of community. Reduces waste- Composting usually goes along w/ urban farming. Organic household waste and dead leaves can be used as fertilizers instead of being transported to waste dumps. Community economic development Environmntal Vertical farms can also help in treatment of wastewater.
- In 2010, Americans generated approximately 250 million tons of trash. Recycled over 85 million tons of this material (34%). Up to 58% of waste in landfills is organic materials.
- Roof gardens, stacked greenhouses, vertical farms and other methods of urban farming would require lesser space than the traditional farms.
- With urban agriculture, there has also come a rise in urban beekeeping
- Los Angeles has year around availability of Pollen and nectar