This document describes a student's final year project to develop an electric train system using a microcontroller. The project aims to learn about train traction systems, gate control systems, passenger loading processes, and obstacle avoidance operations. The train will move along the track and stop at stations for loading. It will detect obstacles using ultrasonic sensors and gates using IR sensors. When developed, the system will help address Malaysia's lack of expertise in locomotive industries.

1. DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC TRAIN
SYSTEM USING MICROCONTROLLER
NABIL HARITH BIN MOHD NAJIB
BET (HONS) in ELECTRONICS
SUPERVISED BY : MADAM AZLIZA

2. INTRODUCTION
The aim of the project designed is to learn and study about the
electric train system which include of train traction system, gate
controlling system, passenger & load material process, obstacle
avoidance operation and more.
The aim of the project designed is to learn and study about the
electric train system which include of train traction system, gate
controlling system, passenger & load material process, obstacle
avoidance operation and more.
The train will move, then gate sensor detected the train, and the gate
system will functioning, and its will stop at one or two station for
loading material and passenger boarding process, then when switch
clicked, the track will changed / switching and stop at last station.
Additional feature is obstacle avoidance operation
The train will move, then gate sensor detected the train, and the gate
system will functioning, and its will stop at one or two station for
loading material and passenger boarding process, then when switch
clicked, the track will changed / switching and stop at last station.
Additional feature is obstacle avoidance operation
WHAT IS
IT ABOUT
WHAT IS
IT ABOUT
HOW
DOES IT
WORKS
HOW
DOES IT
WORKS

3. PROBLEM STATEMENT
• Malaysia rely too much to other’s country expertise on the
locomotive industry.
• We have less expertise or awareness of the locomotive inductry
• We spent a lot of money for the locomotive field

4. OBJECTIVE

5. BACKGROUND STUDY(I)
A railway electrification
system supplies electric
power to railway trains and trams witho
ut an on-board prime mover or local
fuel supply. Electrification has many
advantages but requires significant
capital expenditure
•Different systems are used for urban
and intercity areas; some electric
locomotives can switch to different
supply voltages to allow flexibility in
operation.
Electric train traction concept

6. BACKGROUND STUDY(I)
• A voltage will supply the electric
train through overhead line and
pantograph.
• The dc motor will work up and train
will started to movve.
• The dc motor also can be switch
direction when a button is clicked
Electric train traction concept

7. BACKGROUND STUDY(II)
• A level crossing, or grade crossing, is an
intersection where a railway line crosses
a road or path at the same level, as
opposed to the railway line crossing over or
under using a bridge or tunnel.
• Railroad trains have a much
larger mass relative to their braking
capability, and thus a far longer braking
distance than road vehicles. In general,
trains do not stop at level crossings but rely
on vehicles and pedestrians to clear the
tracks in advance.
Level Crossing (Auto gate system)

8. BACKGROUND STUDY(II)
• In Reflective Type IR Sensor, the IR
transmitter and receiver are placed
side by side. When there is no
obstacle in front of the sensor, the IR
rays transmitted by the IR Transmitter
will travel undetected as there are no
rays falling on the IR Receiver.
• If there is an obstacle in front of the IR
Transmitter and Receiver pair, the IR
Rays gets reflected off from the
surface of the obstacle and are
incident on the IR Receiver.
Level Crossing (Auto gate system)

9. BACKGROUND STUDY(II)
• EVERY minute, on average, at least one person dies in a train
crash. Auto accidents also injure at least 10 million people each
year, two or three million of them seriously.
• The dc motor will stop when an
obstacle is detected by ultrasonic
sensor.
• After the obstacle removed
the dc motor of the train is
working and move.
Obstacle Avoidance

10. METHODOLOGY
FLOWCHART
BLOCK
DIAGRAM
TECHNOLOGY

11. FLOW CHART (I)
The train system operation start up, micrcocontroller iniated and
the voltage supply flow to overhead line and functioning. Its will
then trigger the second microcontroller on the train to
functioning and will turn on the dc motor and the train move.
The train system operation start up, micrcocontroller iniated and
the voltage supply flow to overhead line and functioning. Its will
then trigger the second microcontroller on the train to
functioning and will turn on the dc motor and the train move.
Interrupt was input in this system which are presented as
obstacle avoidance system, its will execute whenever there is
obstacle infront of the train equip with ultrasonic sensor and
detect the object and stop the dc motor on the train.
Interrupt was input in this system which are presented as
obstacle avoidance system, its will execute whenever there is
obstacle infront of the train equip with ultrasonic sensor and
detect the object and stop the dc motor on the train.
The train have two option, whether the obstacle were removed
and continue to move or changing the direction of train
movement (motor) when direction switch pressed.
The train have two option, whether the obstacle were removed
and continue to move or changing the direction of train
movement (motor) when direction switch pressed.
The train will continue to move until other condition apply on it
or the train system turned off.
The train will continue to move until other condition apply on it
or the train system turned off.

12. FLOW CHART (II)
Auto gate system are controlled by two motor and two sensor.
When the sensor A detect the train, automatically the gate will
closed and red LED which represent traffic light will turn on.
Auto gate system are controlled by two motor and two sensor.
When the sensor A detect the train, automatically the gate will
closed and red LED which represent traffic light will turn on.
The gate will remain closed until the sensor B detect the train
and a signal send which will make the gate opened. And green
LED turn on.
The gate will remain closed until the sensor B detect the train
and a signal send which will make the gate opened. And green
LED turn on.
This process will repeat as long as the train pass by the gate
area.
This process will repeat as long as the train pass by the gate
area.

13. FLOW CHART (III)
The obstacle avoidance system added into the project, which
mainly know as interrupt function. If any obstacle or object put
infront of the train, the train will immediately stop
The obstacle avoidance system added into the project, which
mainly know as interrupt function. If any obstacle or object put
infront of the train, the train will immediately stop
Ultrasonic sensor will detect and measure distance of the
object or obstacle infront it and will send signal to
microcontroller which also make the DC motor stop immediatly
Ultrasonic sensor will detect and measure distance of the
object or obstacle infront it and will send signal to
microcontroller which also make the DC motor stop immediatly
The train will move back right after the obstacle removed or the
direction’s switch pressed which will make the DC motor turn
anti-clockwise and reversed.
The train will move back right after the obstacle removed or the
direction’s switch pressed which will make the DC motor turn
anti-clockwise and reversed.

14. FLOW CHART (IV)
The train will arrive to station and go through loading and
passenger boarding’s process.
The train will arrive to station and go through loading and
passenger boarding’s process.
The train will stop and delay for certain time, and wait for the
direction’s switch pressed. Then the DC motor will move anti-
clockwise and move
The train will stop and delay for certain time, and wait for the
direction’s switch pressed. Then the DC motor will move anti-
clockwise and move

15. BLOCK DIAGRAM

16. COMPONENT USED
DC MOTOR
ULTRA SONIC SENSOR
IR SENSOR
LCD DISPLAY
ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER
RELAY
WIRE
BUZZER
LED
1. Arduino Uno
2. DC Motor
3. Servo Motor
4. Led
5. Buzzer
6. Lcd Display
7. Ultrasonic Sensor
8. Infrared Sensor
9. Motor Driver L293D
10.Power Supply and component

17. SOFTWARE USED
ARDUINO
SOFTWARE
PROTEUS
DESIGN SUITE

18. EXPECTED RESULT

19. PROJECT MILESTONE
• FYP1
Task Descriptions W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W14
FIND PROJECT
SUPERVISOR
/ / /
PROJECT TITLE
SELECTION
/ / /
RESEARCH / / / / / / / / / / / / /
PREPARE LOGBOOK
ONLINE
/ / / / / / / / / / / / /
PROPOSAL
PREPARATION
/ / / / / / / / /
FYP1 PRESENTATION /
FINAL PROPOSAL AND
SUBMISSION
/

20. CONCLUSION

21. REFERENCE
1. Improving Railway Safety with Obstacle Detection and Tracking
System using GPS-GSM Model by Nisha S.Punekar 1 , Archana A.
Raut
2. Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_crossing
3. Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_electric_traction
4. Instructables - http://www.instructables.com/id/Automatic-Railway-
Crossing-Using-Arduino/
5. Ardutrain blog - http://ardutrain.blogspot.my/