Myopathies Classification and physiotherapy management.pptx
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this slide shows a brief outline of various types of myopthies, a brief idea of its physical therapy management
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Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (CRPS 1)
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (CRPS I) is a chronic pain condition characterized by severe pain, swelling, and skin changes, often affecting a limb. It has no nerve damage. Early multimodal treatment including medications, nerve blocks, and physical therapy can help improve symptoms. Physical therapy focuses on reducing pain and edema, improving range of motion, and addressing vasomotor instability. As the condition progresses, symptoms may become more severe and irreversible changes can occur.
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Myasthenia Gravis is a neuromuscular disease causing fluctuating muscle weakness and fatigue due to a breakdown in communication between nerves and muscles. There is no cure, but treatment can relieve symptoms. Signs include weakness of specific muscles like eyes and throat, as well as limbs, worsened by exertion and stress. Physical therapy focuses on aerobic exercise, strength training, swimming, posture, and breathing to build functional capacity and decrease fatigue while avoiding overexertion that worsens symptoms. The goal is improved mobility, balance, and ability to perform daily activities.
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Post polio residual paralysis
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Shoulder impingement syndrome
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Cerebellar Ataxia
This document discusses cerebellar ataxia, which is a lack of muscle coordination caused by dysfunction of the cerebellum. It classifies ataxia into hereditary, non-hereditary degenerative, and acquired types. Hereditary ataxia includes autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked forms. Common symptoms are gait instability, limb incoordination, slurred speech, and eye movement abnormalities. Diagnosis involves testing for genetic mutations, imaging the brain, and checking for metabolic deficiencies. Treatment aims to reduce symptoms and improve coordination through medications, physical therapy, and assistive devices.
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Some key points include:
- Polio is caused by infection with the poliovirus and can lead to paralysis of muscles.
- It spreads via the fecal-oral or respiratory routes and infects the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord.
- Clinical features may include fever, neck rigidity, asymmetric limb paralysis that often affects the legs. Respiratory muscles can be involved.
- Treatment focuses on supportive care, splinting to prevent deformities, physiotherapy to
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Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (CRPS I) is a chronic pain condition characterized by severe pain, swelling, and skin changes, often affecting a limb. It has no nerve damage. Early multimodal treatment including medications, nerve blocks, and physical therapy can help improve symptoms. Physical therapy focuses on reducing pain and edema, improving range of motion, and addressing vasomotor instability. As the condition progresses, symptoms may become more severe and irreversible changes can occur.
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Mc Kenzie Method (MDT)
The McKenzie Method is a classification system and treatment approach developed by Robin McKenzie for back, neck, and extremity pain. It involves assessing a patient's response to various movements and positions to determine the cause of their pain and develop an individualized exercise plan. The goals are to centralize or reduce pain. There are three main syndromes - postural, dysfunction, and derangement - each with different treatments like posture correction, mobilizing exercises, or movements to induce a directional preference. The McKenzie Method aims to actively involve patients to self-manage their pain.
Post polio residual paralysis
This document discusses the physiotherapy management of lower limb deformities resulting from polio. It covers strengthening weakened muscles, stretching shortened muscles, use of orthotics and splints, gait training, surgical correction of deformities if conservative treatment is not effective, and physiotherapy after surgeries like tendon transfers. Specific deformities around the hip, knee and ankle are described along with their causes and management approaches. Surgical options discussed include soft tissue releases, osteotomies, arthrodesis and tendon transfers. The overall goal of treatment is to improve strength, prevent deformities, achieve functional mobility and independence.
Shoulder impingement syndrome
Shoulder impingement occurs when the rotator cuff tendons are compressed and abraded as they pass under the coracoacromial arch during arm elevation. It can result from acute overload, degeneration, or chronic overuse. The rotator cuff comprises four muscles that originate on the scapula and insert on the humerus. Etiologies include bony factors like acromial shape that reduce space, soft tissue impingement, and degenerative or traumatic tendon failure. Physical exam assesses muscle strength and special tests like Neer and Hawkins that reproduce pain. Treatment progresses from rest, PT to restore motion and strength, and injections to surgery for partial or full thickness tears.
Cerebellar Ataxia
This document discusses cerebellar ataxia, which is a lack of muscle coordination caused by dysfunction of the cerebellum. It classifies ataxia into hereditary, non-hereditary degenerative, and acquired types. Hereditary ataxia includes autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked forms. Common symptoms are gait instability, limb incoordination, slurred speech, and eye movement abnormalities. Diagnosis involves testing for genetic mutations, imaging the brain, and checking for metabolic deficiencies. Treatment aims to reduce symptoms and improve coordination through medications, physical therapy, and assistive devices.
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Some key points include:
- Polio is caused by infection with the poliovirus and can lead to paralysis of muscles.
- It spreads via the fecal-oral or respiratory routes and infects the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord.
- Clinical features may include fever, neck rigidity, asymmetric limb paralysis that often affects the legs. Respiratory muscles can be involved.
- Treatment focuses on supportive care, splinting to prevent deformities, physiotherapy to
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Dr. Quazi Ibtesaam Huma (MPT)
Dr. Suvarna Ganvir (Phd, Prof & HOD)
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Types of MND
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Spasticity
Hyperreflexia
Pathological reflexes
LOWER MOTOR NEURON
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Muscle Atrophy
Hypotonicity
Hyporeflexia
Fasciculation
Muscle Cramp
Impairment related to LMN
Other clinical features
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EMG-
It include signs of active denervation, such as fibrillation potentials and positive sharp waves;
Signs of chronic denervation, such as large motor unit potentials (increased duration, increased proportion of polyphasic potentials, increased amplitude)
Unstable motor unit potential
Nerve Conduction Velocity Studies,
Muscle And Nerve Biopsies,
Neuroimaging Studies - MRI
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Pain
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Gait
Respiratory Function
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Pain reduction
Prevention for contractures
Maintenance of joint mobility
Regular review of posture
Positioning to relieve discomfort
House Modification and ergonomic advice.
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PEG procedure.
A PEG may be recommended as the disease progresses.
A PEG is a type of gastrostomy tube inserted via endoscopic surgery that creates a permanent opening into the stomach for the introduction of food.
Studies have found that PEG insertion may prolong survival. Patients with PEG were found to live 1 to 4 months longer than those individuals who refused it.
Management of Dysphagia
A palatal lift prosthesis may be prescribed for individuals with good articulation but who have a breathy voice quality or decreased loudness because of excessive air loss through the nose.
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- Stroke is defined as sudden neurological dysfunction due to abnormal cerebral circulation lasting over 24 hours.
- Common causes include atherosclerosis, cerebral thrombus, embolism from the heart.
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- Symptoms can include weakness, numbness, vision issues, speech problems.
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Spasticity
Spasticity is defined as a velocity-dependent increase in muscle tone and exaggerated tendon reflexes caused by hyperexcitability of the stretch reflex. It results from an upper motor neuron lesion and can occur in conditions like spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy. Spasticity is classified based on severity from mild to severe and causes increasing tightness, spasms, and loss of functional abilities. Treatment involves pharmacological management with drugs like baclofen, physical therapy including stretching and range of motion exercises, and in severe cases surgery such as baclofen pump implantation or tendon lengthening.
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Late Responses (F-wave and H.Reflex)
This document provides information about late responses in nerve conduction studies, including F-waves, H-reflexes, and axon reflexes. It discusses the mechanisms, characteristics, and clinical applications of each response. The F-wave results from antidromic stimulation of motor neurons and evaluates more proximal nerve segments. The H-reflex is a monosynaptic stretch reflex that is reliably measured in the lower limbs. Axon reflexes occur due to terminal nerve branching and suggest reinnervation. Late responses provide valuable information about radiculopathies and plexopathies that cannot be observed with distal nerve studies alone.
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Introduction of urinary incontinence,
Etiology of urinary incontinence,
Risk factors associated with urinary incontinence,
Types of urinary incontinence,
Pathophysiology of Urinary incontinence,
Clinical manifestations of urinary incontinence,
Diagnostic evaluations of urinary incontinence,
Management of urinary incontinence- Behavioural techniques, Drug therapy, surgical management, medical devices and Physiotherapy assessment and management in details with appropriate explanation with the help of the SlideShare .
Telegram channel - https://t.me/bhuneshwarmishra08/4?single
Facebook page - https://m.facebook.com/Bhuneshwarmishra08/
Instagram page - https://www.instagram.com/the_perfect_physio_tutorial/?r=nametag
YouTube channel - https://youtube.com/channel/UCCIEa_xDe3B-6BLfQaJb8PQ
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This document discusses muscular dystrophy, including its definition, types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and management. The main points are:
1. Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder that causes progressive weakness and degeneration in the skeletal muscles. It is caused by deficiencies in dystrophin and other proteins important for muscle fiber integrity.
2. The main types include Duchenne MD, Becker MD, limb-girdle MD, and myotonic dystrophy. They vary in inheritance, onset, muscles affected, and progression.
3. Symptoms depend on the type but generally include muscle weakness, loss of mobility, and contractures. Management focuses on physiotherapy, medications, assistive
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1. The document discusses various aspects of peripheral nerve anatomy and injury. It describes the formation and branches of the major plexuses from spinal nerves and classifies peripheral nerve injuries.
2. Mechanisms of nerve injury including compression, ischemia, traction and friction are outlined. The process of nerve degeneration and regeneration after injury is explained.
3. Methods for assessing peripheral nerve injuries are provided, including history taking, physical examination techniques, and electrodiagnostic studies. Specific peripheral nerves like the radial and ulnar nerves are used as examples.
physiotherapy in MND.pptx
Physiotherapy in MND
Dr. Quazi Ibtesaam Huma (MPT)
Dr. Suvarna Ganvir (Phd, Prof & HOD)
Dept. of Neurophysiotherapy
DVVPF’s College of Physiotherapy
Content
Introduction
Types of MND
Clinical Features of MND
Diagnostic Procedure
Management: 1) Pharmaceutical
2) Physiotherapy
Motor Neuron Disease
Motor Neuron Disease are a group of neurodegenerative disorders that affects the nerves in the spine and brain to progressively lose its function.
Motor neuron diseases (MND) include a heterogeneous spectrum of inherited and sporadic (no family history) clinical disorders of the upper motor neurons (UMNs), lower motor neurons (LMNs), or a combination of both.
Types of MND
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease, characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord, brain stem, and motor cortex, leading to progressive muscle atrophy and weakness.
Clinical Features
UPPER MOTOR NEURON
Loss of Dexterity
Muscle Weakness
Spasticity
Hyperreflexia
Pathological reflexes
LOWER MOTOR NEURON
Muscle Weakness
Muscle Atrophy
Hypotonicity
Hyporeflexia
Fasciculation
Muscle Cramp
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Other clinical features
Diagnostic Criteria
Diagnostic Procedure
EMG-
It include signs of active denervation, such as fibrillation potentials and positive sharp waves;
Signs of chronic denervation, such as large motor unit potentials (increased duration, increased proportion of polyphasic potentials, increased amplitude)
Unstable motor unit potential
Nerve Conduction Velocity Studies,
Muscle And Nerve Biopsies,
Neuroimaging Studies - MRI
Management- Multidisciplinary Approach
Physical Therapy Examination
Cognition
Pain
Psychosocial Function
Joint integrity, ROM and Muscle strength.
Motor Function: Gross motor and Fine motor
Muscle tone and reflexes
Cranial nerve integrity
Sensations
Gait
Respiratory Function
Physiotherapy goals in MND treatment.
Pain reduction
Prevention for contractures
Maintenance of joint mobility
Regular review of posture
Positioning to relieve discomfort
House Modification and ergonomic advice.
Management of Sialorrhea and Pseudobulbar Affect
Management for Dysphagia
PEG procedure.
A PEG may be recommended as the disease progresses.
A PEG is a type of gastrostomy tube inserted via endoscopic surgery that creates a permanent opening into the stomach for the introduction of food.
Studies have found that PEG insertion may prolong survival. Patients with PEG were found to live 1 to 4 months longer than those individuals who refused it.
Management of Dysphagia
A palatal lift prosthesis may be prescribed for individuals with good articulation but who have a breathy voice quality or decreased loudness because of excessive air loss through the nose.
The device, a dental appliance designed to attach to the existing teeth and to elevate the soft palate, is custom-made by a prosthodontist.
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Coccydynia
Coccydynia is pain arising from the coccyx or tailbone that is commonly caused by trauma, infection, or idiopathic factors. It presents as pain localized to the coccyx that is exacerbated by sitting, standing from sitting, intercourse, defecation, and menstruation. Diagnosis involves physical exam, x-rays, CT, or MRI. Conservative treatments like anti-inflammatories, cushions, and physical therapy resolve most cases, but injections or coccygectomy may be used if conservative options fail.
PHYSIOTHERAPY MANAGEMENT OF POST STROKE PATIENT.
This document provides an overview of physiotherapy management for stroke. It begins with definitions of stroke and transient ischemic attack. It then discusses risk factors, types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and medical management of stroke. The remainder of the document focuses on the physiotherapy assessment and treatment approaches in both the acute and post-acute stages. The assessment covers various body functions and structures, while the treatment approaches aim to improve motor function, mobility, balance, sensation, flexibility, strength, and reduce spasticity to achieve functional independence.
Physiotherapy Rehab After Total Hip Replacement
This document outlines the phases of rehabilitation following a total hip replacement surgery. It discusses examination of the patient, education provided, and four phases of rehabilitation: immobilization, maximum protection, moderate protection, and minimum protection. Each phase focuses on specific goals like regaining range of motion, strengthening muscles, improving gait, and resuming normal activities. Precautions are provided to prevent dislocation and protect the new hip joint at each stage of recovery.
Stroke: PT Assessment and Management
The document discusses stroke, including its definition, causes, risk factors, symptoms, assessment, recovery stages, and complications. Key points include:
- Stroke is defined as sudden neurological dysfunction due to abnormal cerebral circulation lasting over 24 hours.
- Common causes include atherosclerosis, cerebral thrombus, embolism from the heart.
- Risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, smoking, obesity.
- Symptoms can include weakness, numbness, vision issues, speech problems.
- Recovery is assessed based on severity, duration, and affected brain region. Complications can include contractures, seizures, DVT.
Cardio Respiratory Assesment
This document provides a template for conducting a cardio-respiratory assessment of a patient. It includes sections for collecting information on the patient's chief complaints, medical history, subjective examination involving the history of present illness and associated symptoms, as well as an objective examination involving vital signs, physical inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation of the chest, neck, and extremities. The assessment aims to gather comprehensive details on the patient's respiratory and cardiovascular health through a structured interview and physical exam.
Spasticity
Spasticity is defined as a velocity-dependent increase in muscle tone and exaggerated tendon reflexes caused by hyperexcitability of the stretch reflex. It results from an upper motor neuron lesion and can occur in conditions like spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy. Spasticity is classified based on severity from mild to severe and causes increasing tightness, spasms, and loss of functional abilities. Treatment involves pharmacological management with drugs like baclofen, physical therapy including stretching and range of motion exercises, and in severe cases surgery such as baclofen pump implantation or tendon lengthening.
Piriformis syndrome
Piriformis syndrome is a condition where sciatica symptoms occur due to involvement of the piriformis muscle, often caused by muscle tightness or trauma. It results in entrapment of the sciatic or pudendal nerves, leading to pain, tingling, and numbness in the buttocks, thigh, and leg. Diagnosis involves physical tests like the Freiberg test and treatment focuses on stretching, strengthening, and modalities like massage to relieve tightness while surgery is rarely needed.
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This document discusses the physiotherapy management of cerebral palsy. The goals of rehabilitation are to improve mobility and function, prevent deformity, educate parents, and promote social integration. Therapy programs address issues specific to infants, toddlers, preschoolers and adolescents. Methods include stretching, strengthening, positioning, electrical stimulation, cryotherapy, hydrotherapy, neurofacilitation techniques like Vojta and Bobath methods, horseback riding, bracing, and mobility aids like standers, walkers, canes and crutches. The document provides details on various therapy methods and how they address issues for children with cerebral palsy.
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This document discusses Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), including its definition, clinical features, assessment scales, and phases. It defines GBS as an acute/subacute symmetrical motor neuropathy involving more than one peripheral nerve. The phases of GBS are described as the acute, plateau, and recovery phases. For each phase, goals of physical therapy and examples of interventions are provided, such as chest physiotherapy, positioning, stretching, and strengthening exercises to address weaknesses and functional limitations during the different stages of GBS.
Late Responses (F-wave and H.Reflex)
This document provides information about late responses in nerve conduction studies, including F-waves, H-reflexes, and axon reflexes. It discusses the mechanisms, characteristics, and clinical applications of each response. The F-wave results from antidromic stimulation of motor neurons and evaluates more proximal nerve segments. The H-reflex is a monosynaptic stretch reflex that is reliably measured in the lower limbs. Axon reflexes occur due to terminal nerve branching and suggest reinnervation. Late responses provide valuable information about radiculopathies and plexopathies that cannot be observed with distal nerve studies alone.
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Introduction of urinary incontinence,
Etiology of urinary incontinence,
Risk factors associated with urinary incontinence,
Types of urinary incontinence,
Pathophysiology of Urinary incontinence,
Clinical manifestations of urinary incontinence,
Diagnostic evaluations of urinary incontinence,
Management of urinary incontinence- Behavioural techniques, Drug therapy, surgical management, medical devices and Physiotherapy assessment and management in details with appropriate explanation with the help of the SlideShare .
Telegram channel - https://t.me/bhuneshwarmishra08/4?single
Facebook page - https://m.facebook.com/Bhuneshwarmishra08/
Instagram page - https://www.instagram.com/the_perfect_physio_tutorial/?r=nametag
YouTube channel - https://youtube.com/channel/UCCIEa_xDe3B-6BLfQaJb8PQ
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Muscular dystrophy. an overview
This document discusses muscular dystrophy, including its definition, types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and management. The main points are:
1. Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder that causes progressive weakness and degeneration in the skeletal muscles. It is caused by deficiencies in dystrophin and other proteins important for muscle fiber integrity.
2. The main types include Duchenne MD, Becker MD, limb-girdle MD, and myotonic dystrophy. They vary in inheritance, onset, muscles affected, and progression.
3. Symptoms depend on the type but generally include muscle weakness, loss of mobility, and contractures. Management focuses on physiotherapy, medications, assistive
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This document discusses Perthes disease, which is a self-limiting condition causing necrosis of the femoral head. It defines the disease and provides synonyms. It discusses the vascular supply and blood flow to the femoral head in children and adults. It outlines Trueta's hypothesis about the changes in blood supply with age and how this relates to the occurrence of Perthes disease. The document also covers etiological factors, epidemiology, clinical features, natural history, investigations, pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of Perthes disease.
Muscular Dystrophy!!
Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder that causes muscles to weaken over time due to missing or defective genes preventing the body from producing necessary proteins. There are several types of muscular dystrophy affecting different muscle groups with varying degrees of severity. While there is no cure, treatment aims to preserve muscle and joint function and slow deterioration through therapies, braces, wheelchairs and respiratory support.
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71252786117d6aa1344a0f53179ba910 (1).pdf
This document discusses Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common form of muscular dystrophy. DMD is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. This results in progressive muscle degeneration and weakness. The document outlines the characteristic features and stages of DMD as well as methods of genetic testing, management, and potential exon skipping treatments that are being investigated.
MOTOR NEURON DISEASES
This document summarizes motor neuron diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It describes the clinical manifestations and progression of weakness, atrophy and spasticity. It outlines different types of motor neuron diseases and details the clinical features of ALS, progressive muscular atrophy, progressive bulbar palsy and primary lateral sclerosis. Laboratory and pathology findings are summarized. Treatment focuses on supportive measures as the disease progresses through different stages from independent to dependent. Exercise and rehabilitation programs aim to maintain function and prevent complications according to the stage of disease.
Muscular dystrophy
Muscular dystrophy is a group of diseases that cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass. In muscular dystrophy, abnormal genes (mutations) interfere with the production of proteins needed to form healthy muscle.
Role of panchakarma in Muscular dystrophy.pptx
This document provides an overview of muscular dystrophy (MD), including:
- MD is a rare inherited disease characterized by progressive muscle weakness and wasting due to gene mutations. It affects skeletal muscles and later fat and connective tissue replace muscle fibers.
- There are over 30 types of MD. While there is no cure, progression can be slowed by medications and therapies.
- The document then describes the various types of MD in detail, including Duchenne MD, Becker MD, limb-girdle MD, and myotonic MD.
- It covers laboratory findings, treatments including medications and Panchakarma therapies, and provides a case study on the therapeutic efficacy of Panchakarma in
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musculardystrophiesppt-170130163640.pdf
This document discusses Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness. It is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene leading to absence of the dystrophin protein. The document outlines the clinical presentation and stages of DMD from early childhood to late stages requiring wheelchair use. It also discusses diagnostic testing, management including cardiac and nutritional support, genetic counseling and potential future treatments like exon skipping drugs.
MUSCULAR DYSTROPHIES
This document discusses Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness. It is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene leading to absence of the dystrophin protein. The document outlines the clinical presentation and stages of DMD from early childhood to late stages requiring wheelchair use. It also discusses diagnostic testing, management including cardiac and nutritional support, genetic counseling and potential new treatments like exon skipping drugs.
Muscular dystrophies
This document discusses Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness. It is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene leading to absence of the dystrophin protein. The document outlines the clinical presentation and stages of DMD from early childhood to late stages requiring wheelchair use. It also discusses diagnostic testing, management including cardiac and nutritional support, genetic counseling and potential future treatments like exon skipping drugs.
Cerebral palsy - Definition, types, Etiolopathology, clinical features and Ma...
Introduction and definition of cerebral palsy,
Types of cerebral palsy - Spastic CP , Dyskinetic CP , Hypotonic CP , Ataxic CP and Mixed CP.
Etiology of cerebral palsy,
Risk factors of cerebral palsy,
Clinical features of cerebral palsy,
Complications of cerebral Palsy,
Diagnostic evaluation of cerebral Palsy ,
Management of cerebral Palsy - pharmacological treatment , surgical treatment and prevention .
Physiotherapy management
CP.pptx
Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive disorder of movement and posture caused by damage to the developing brain. It is characterized by spasticity, abnormal muscle tone and reflexes, delays in development, and impaired motor skills. The most common type is spastic cerebral palsy, which causes stiff, jerky movements. Orthoses are often used to treat cerebral palsy by correcting deformities, providing support, and facilitating training to improve motor skills and gait efficiency. Physiotherapy and occupational therapy also help achieve developmental milestones and independence in daily living activities.
Muscular dystrophy
Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness. The most common type is Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which is caused by a lack of the muscle protein dystrophin. Clinical features include muscle wasting, impaired balance and mobility, scoliosis, respiratory difficulties, and in late stages, weakness of upper limb muscles. Physiotherapy management focuses on maintaining strength and range of motion, preventing deformities, improving respiratory function, and assisting with activities of daily living through the different stages of the disease.
Final case presentation sci (kimberly walsh)
This document provides an overview of cervical myelopathy and spinal cord injury, including:
- Definitions of spinal cord injury and cervical myelopathy.
- Descriptions of anatomy including the spine, cervical spine, intervertebral discs, and ligaments.
- Causes, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations of both cervical myelopathy and spinal cord injury.
- Details on epidemiology, diagnosis, complications and management of spinal cord injury.
Myopathy undergraduate
Skeletal muscle disorders can be classified as either primary muscle diseases or secondary disorders caused by other conditions like inflammation, metabolic abnormalities, or drugs. Progressive muscle dystrophies are a primary cause and include Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Becker muscular dystrophy, which are caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Symptoms include weakness, wasting, and pseudohypertrophy. Management focuses on rehabilitation, steroids, respiratory support, and future gene therapies. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies target acetylcholine receptors, causing fluctuating weakness. Diagnosis involves the Tensilon test and repetitive nerve stimulation with treatment consisting of cholinesterase inhibitors, steroids, plasma exchange,
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Cerebral palsy - Definition, types, Etiolopathology, clinical features and Ma...
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Myopathies Classification and physiotherapy management.pptx
- 2. Myopathies?
- 3. WHAT TO LOOK FOR WHEN ASSESING? ONSET- sudden/ gradual, adult/childhood RATE OF PROGRESSION DISTRIBUTION ANY OTHER SYSTEM INVOLVEMENT- Cardiac, pulmonary, CNS, Speech, hearing
- 5. Common Clinical features Proximal more than distal muscle weakness Contractures may occur Cardiomyopathy Respiratory complications
- 6. Muscular dystrophies Muscular dystrophy most often results from defective or absent glycoproteins in the muscle membrane. This leads to muscle destruction and replacement of the contractile tissue with non contractile tissue.
- 7. I. Becker’s muscular dystrophy Mutation of the dystrophin gene causing reduced dystrophin production. Onset – 11- 15 years Rate of progression- Slowly progressing Weakness of respiratory muscles and cardiomyopathy Prognosis- life expectation- 4th decade
- 8. Limb girdle muscular dystrophy Onset- 8-15 years Rate of progression- early onset rapidly progressing Late onset- slowly progressing Both cardiac and pulmonary complications common. Prognosis- Early onset- wheelchair bound and death with respiratory complications Late onset- non life threatening and remain ambulant
- 9. Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy Onset- teenage Rate of progression- slowly progressive with certain periods of rapid increase in weakness Hearing loss, speech and swallowing difficulty. Rare chances of cardiomyopathy and respiratory complications. Prognosis- normal life expectancy
- 10. Metabolic myopathies People with metabolic myopathies lack certain enzymes involved in providing energy that helps muscles contract. They can be classified as: 1. mitochondrial myopathies 2. glycogen storage disease(GSD) 3. Fatty acid oxidation defects (FAODs)
- 11. 1. Mitochondrial myopathy Genetic mutations causes fault in aerobic cellular respiration hence, inability to produce energy. Build-up of raw materials initiation of anaerobic pathways By products- lactic acid build-up CELLULAR DAMAGE
- 13. ONSET- infancy onset , adult onset PROGRESSION- infancy onset- rapidly progressing, adult onset is slowly progressing PROGNOSIS- shortened life expectancy
- 14. ICF
- 15. BODY STRUCTURE IMPAIRED CLINICAL REASONING Structures Related to Movement muscles Structures of the Cardiovascular, and Respiratory Systems -primary -accessory muscles of respiration Structures Involved in Voice and Speech The Eye, Ear and Related Structures Structures Related to the Digestive system Skin and Related Structures
- 16. BODY FUNCTIONS IMPAIRED CLINICAL REASONING Neuromusculoskeletal and Movement- related Functions Functions of the Cardiovascular, Respiratory Systems Voice and Speech Functions Sensory Functions and Pain Functions of the Digestive, Metabolic, and Endocrine Systems Mental function Functions of the Skin and Related Structures
- 18. EARLY PROBLEMS MUSCULAR WEAKNESS REDUCED MUSCULAR ENDURANCE TIGHTNESS REDUCED CARIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE DIFFICULTY IN MOBILITY
- 19. MUSCULAR WEAKNESS and REDUCED MUSCULAR ENDURANCE SUBMAXIMAL EXERCISE TRAINING F – 3-4 DAYS PER WEEK I- 50% 1 RM D- 30 MINS T- Circuit training, avoid eccentric exercises RATIONALE: MUSCULAR ADAPTATIONS TO EXERCISE TRAINING HELPS REDUCE THE RATE OF MUSCLE LOSS
- 20. TIGHTNESS Sustained stretching – positioning and stretching exercises
- 21. REDUCED CARIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE ACSM guidelines: F I D T RATIONALE:
- 22. DIFFICULTY IN MOBILITY USE OF APPROPRIATE OTHOSIS AND WALKING AIDS GAIT TRAINING WITH THE ASSITIVE DEVICES Gait video
- 23. LATE PROBLEMS REDUCED RESPIRATORY VOLUMES AND RESPIRATORY MUSCLE STRENGHT INEFFICIENT COUGH OBESITY DIFFICULTY IN ADLs DIFFICULTY IN MOBILITY ANXIETY AND STRESS
- 24. REDUCED RESPIRATORY VOLUMES AND RESPIRATORY MUSCLE STRENGHT Spirometer Deep breathing exercises
- 25. INEFFICIENT COUGH Forced expiratory technique Manually assisted coughing Nebulisation, Position and suctioning
- 26. OBESITY Dietary management- refer to dietician General advise- more fiber and proteins, Less fats
- 29. ANXIETY AND STRESS Patient and care giver education
- 30. THANKYOU
- 31. ANY QUERIES?