This document provides an overview of different musical genres throughout history. It begins by classifying music into religious/secular, classical/popular, and descriptive/programmatic/dramatic/pure genres. It then covers the history of classical music from ancient Greece to modern times, including genres like Gregorian chant from the Middle Ages, madrigals and villancicos from the Renaissance, and concertos and suites from the Baroque period. Popular music genres discussed include traditional Spanish folk music and urban pop music. The document also includes listening examples to illustrate different genres.

1. LESSON 8:
MUSICAL GENRES
Elena Carrión Candel

2. INDEX:
1.THE CLASSIFICATION OF MUSICAL
GENRES.
2.HISTORY OF CLASSICAL MUSIC.
3.POPULAR MUSIC:
3.1.TRADITIONAL MUSIC(IN SPANISH).
3.2.URBAN POPULAR MUSIC.
3.3.MUSIC OF THE THEATRE AND
CINEMA.

3. 1.THE CLASSIFICATION OF MUSICAL
GENRES
A musical genre establishes
the content and function of
the Music.
There are three important
groups in musical genres:

4. a)According to the aim of the music:
• RELIGIOUS MUSIC:All music works are related
to religion.
• SECULAR MUSIC:All music works are not
related to religion but related to human
beings and their feelings,nature…etc.

5. b)According to the audience.
• CLASSICAL MUSIC: Musical works which
belong to important composers who have
followed academic principles.It has a clear
aesthetic function.

6. • POPULAR MUSIC : It is created
for a wide audience.We can
distinguish between:
FOLK MUSIC:Traditional music
works from regions which
reflect the nature or life of its
inhabitants.

7. POP MUSIC: It is the music
known thanks to the recording
and mass media.This music has
a clear commercial function.

8. c)According to the content and
the manner it is shown.
There are three different types of
music:
a)Descriptive music:It is the
instrumental music which describes
in general terms,meteorological
phenomena or an event such as a
battle ,a storm,birds singing,etc.

9. b)Programme Music:
Instrumental music that is based on the
description of a program or a plot.Complete
understanding of the work requires prior
knowledge of the plot,as the description is a
lot more complex and not based on an
imitative processes but rather in associated
musical ideas or instruments to determine
particular characters or situations.

10. C)Dramatic Music:
Is all music that is sung and
expresses the text,and thus,it is all
vocal music.
There are two types:
-Represented or theatrical music.
-Non-represented music:without
stages/scenes,for example,the song.

11. D)Pure or abstract music:
It doesn´t intend to suggest or
describe anything but the pure
language of music and its logic.

12. THE GREAT MUSIC GENRES
(por apuntes)
The Great Music Genres
The two principal genres of western music: cult
music and popular music.
1.Cult Music
The history of western cult music has its
origins in ancient Greek civilization that
considered music to be a divine art form. We
owe the first musical treaties to the Greeks;
they were then collected by the Romans and
later by the theorists of the middle ages.

13. 1.2.The Middle Ages
It is the period between the centuries V and XV.
During this era the convents and monasteries were
converted into grand and important centers of
culture.
The authority of the church made the most
important music of the Middle Ages the ‘Gregorian
Chant’ – with a monotexture.
Gregorian chant:pueri habraeorum portantes
AUDITION

14. Fragments Choir Solists
Pueri habraeorum
Domini est terra
Pueri habraeorum
Quia ipse
Pueri habraeorum
Listen to the beginning of the antifona”Pueri
habraeorum portantes”.It is sung on Passion
Sunday and indicate who is singing each part:
1.Audition

15. Look at the following music work
2.Audition.

16. Answer these questions:
a)What is the lowest and the highest voice?
b)Do you think that the range of the melody is
correct to be sung by the congregation in a
procession?
c)What is the most repeated note in this SALM?
FA-SOL-LA-SIb

17. THE RENAISSANCE
• This is the period
which covers the XV
and XVI centuries.
During this period,
there is a returning to
the antiquity classical
models. Man is not
only interested in the
knowledge of Arts and
Science, but also in
how to express his
own emotions.

18. • Religious vocal music emphasizes the
motete form. One of its main
composers is Giovanni Pierluigi da
Palestrina.
• Lots of polyphonic songs appear in
secular vocal music.The musical forms
are:Madrigal,opera in musica and
villancico. One of its main composers is
Claudio Monteverdi.
• Instrumental music is born.

19. VIDEOS
 MADRIGALhttp://w
ww.youtube.com/w
atch?v=DoW-
hFeGIf4&feature=pla
yer_detailpage
 OPERA IN
MUSICAhttp://www.
youtube.com/watch
?v=8ll_u870PG8
 VILLANCICO

20. 3.AUDITION
• Listen carefully to this song composed by
Tomas Luis de Victoria called “Ave María” and
answer these questions:
a)What combination of voices have you heard?
• SOPRANO,CONTRALTO,TENOR,BASS .
• SOPRANO,TENOR,BARITONE,BASS.
b) Is it sung A CAPELLA?
• Yes because there are a lot of voices.
• Yes because there aren´t instruments.

21. 4.Audition
• Listen carefully to ”Hoy comamos y
bebamos”.It´s a villancico composed
by Juan del Encina.Answer these
questions:

22. Choir stanza bridge
a)What´s the order of these three parts
of the villancico?
b)How is the choir?
•Mixed choir or
•Men´s choir.

23. THE BAROQUE PERIOD
It starts in 1600 and finishes in 1750 aproximately.
The most important thing in this period is the
search for constrasts in music through the
rythms,melodies,tempor or instruments.
The main musical genres are:
-Opera,cantata,oratorio(for voices)
-Concierto,suite,sonata y fuga
The main composers are:Vivaldi,Johann Sebastian
Bach y Haendel.

24. • Video about Vivaldi:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=10mmKSzE8H8&

25. 5.Audition
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hZ9qWpa2rIg
Listen to this audition of J.S. Bach and
indicate if the following sentences are true or
false:
 The violin has the principal role.
 Strings and bass continuous play the
tutti(orchestra).
 There is a constant dialogue between two
grops of instruments.
 The rhytm is binary.

26. CLASSICISM
This is the period related to the second half
of the XVIII century. There is a returning to the
ideals of beauty and the classical antiquity
proportion, avoiding the complexity of
Baroque.
The vocal music continues the
development of the opera. The most
preferred type of this period is the bufa
opera, which is of popular character.

27. Instrumental music will find
its perfect model with the
sonata.
Some of the main
composers of the Classicism
are: Haydn, Mozart and
Beethoven.

28. Photos!!!
HAYDN

29. MOZART

30. BEETHOVEN

31. 6.AUDITION
• Watch this video carefully.It belongs to a film
called “Pride and Prejudice”.There are four
fragments (I-II,III and IV).Its a musical work
from these days but isnpired in the Classical
period.Look at them carefully and answer
these questions:

32. • A)In the fragment I appears a musical group
which usually accompanies the dances in this
period.What family of instruments is the most
important?
1.Wood wind.
2.Stings.
3.Brass.
4.Percussion.

33. • B)In the Fragment II appears a
metronome,
1.How is the rhytm?binary ,ternary or
quaternary.
2.There are two phrases,how many
bars have each one?

34. ROMANTICISM:
• This period, influenced by the French
Revolution spirit, covers almost all the XIX
Century,
• Opera becomes the most preferred spectacle.
Its main composers are: Rossini, Verdi and
Wagner.

35. • Small musical forms such as the lied appear, It
is a song for a soloist voice accompanied by
piano.
• The biggest instrumental musical forms are
the symphony and the concert. Their main
composers are: Mendelssohn and Brahms.
• Programmatic music, which uses the
orchestra with a narrative aim, was born..

36. AUDITION
• You are going to listen a fragment of a
Opera composed by Verdi called”La
Traviata”.Answer these question:
• How is the rythm?
• Is this a mixed choir ,a men´s choir or a
woman´s choir?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=tkp6lDyyUOM

37. XX and XXI CENTURIES:
• The XX century is the beginning of a period
with fast changes and several musical styles.
• The contemporary classical music does not
look for beauty or entertainment anymore, it
prefers breaking off and experimentation.
• Among the most important contemporary
styles, we can mention:
• Impressionism: Claude Debussy.
• Expressionism: Arnold Schoenberg.

38. • Among the most important
contemporary styles, we can mention:
• Impressionism: Claude Debussy.
• Expressionism: Arnold Schoenberg.
• Dodecaphonism: Schoenberg.
• Serialism: Alban Berg.
• Electric music:Stockhausen.
• Random music: John Cage.

39. 4´33´.By John Cage
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3fYvfEMUJl8&feature=fvst