This document provides a proposal for a municipal solid waste processing project in Vadavathur, Kottayam District, Kerala, India. It would be operated by Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd. and use technology from SITCO. The proposed technology is called Eco Health Centre, which uses an Automatic Plastic Separation Module to separate waste into biodegradable and non-biodegradable components. It claims to process waste without foul smells, water pollution, leachate, or flies. The anaerobic process produces biogas and plastic-free bio-manure, while the aerobic process produces compost.
Waste minimization is an important part of sustainable development and environmental protection that can also reduce production costs. The best approach is to minimize waste at its source through methods like good housekeeping, technology changes, raw material substitutions, and recycling. A waste minimization program requires assessing waste sources and amounts, identifying technical solutions, evaluating them economically, setting goals, and continually improving through audits and feedback. Barriers like costs and culture must be addressed for success. Management commitment is essential to provide resources and encourage participation in the program.
This document discusses solid waste management. It defines solid waste and describes its various types such as household, industrial, and biomedical waste. The composition of municipal solid waste is provided, with most being organic waste. Health risks of improper waste management are outlined. Methods of waste treatment and disposal discussed include composting, open dumps, landfills, and incineration. A survey of dump sites in Gaza provides size and waste quantities. Leachate from landfills can contaminate groundwater if not properly managed.
The document provides an overview of the history and concepts of solid waste management. It discusses the stages of waste disposal from the industrial revolution period through modern concepts of industrial ecology. Methods of waste management covered include reduce, reuse, recycling, composting, incineration, open dumping, and sanitary landfilling. The composition of municipal solid waste and integrated waste management approaches combining various treatment and disposal options are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of common effluent treatment plants (CETPs) in India. It discusses how CETPs were originally promoted to reduce wastewater treatment costs for small and medium industries. It then describes the typical wastewater treatment processes used at CETPs, including preliminary treatment, primary treatment, secondary treatment and tertiary treatment. The document also discusses advantages and disadvantages of CETPs, different disposal methods for treated wastewater, and provides case studies of three CETPs in India.
Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016 - Impacts on ULB’sDevelopment Alternatives
This document explains the current situation of Construction and Demolition Waste Management in India. It focuses on the rules, regulations, and management practices for urban local bodies. It analyses the challenges, and further highlights how the ULB’s are impacted due to the construction and demolition waste management rules, 2016, as notified by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
This document summarizes various electrochemical waste water treatment methods. It discusses separation methods like electrodeionization (EDI), capacitive deionization (CDI), electroflotation, and electrodialysis. It also covers conversion methods such as electrochemical oxidation and reduction. Combined methods like electrocoagulation, electroflotation coagulation, and photoelectrocatalysis are also summarized. The document concludes that electrochemical methods provide efficient, economical, and controllable waste water treatment through separation, conversion and combined techniques. Key advantages include removal of organic matter, heavy metals, and particles in a cost-effective manner while also extracting pure metals and organic pollutants from waste water.
The document summarizes the key points of the Plastic Waste Management Rules 2016 in India. It defines important terms related to plastic waste and sets rules for plastic waste generators, producers, importers, brand owners and local bodies. It mandates waste minimization and segregation. Producers are responsible for plastic waste collection. Use of certain plastics is banned and recycling is promoted. Enforcement authority includes pollution control boards and urban development departments.
Waste minimization is an important part of sustainable development and environmental protection that can also reduce production costs. The best approach is to minimize waste at its source through methods like good housekeeping, technology changes, raw material substitutions, and recycling. A waste minimization program requires assessing waste sources and amounts, identifying technical solutions, evaluating them economically, setting goals, and continually improving through audits and feedback. Barriers like costs and culture must be addressed for success. Management commitment is essential to provide resources and encourage participation in the program.
This document discusses solid waste management. It defines solid waste and describes its various types such as household, industrial, and biomedical waste. The composition of municipal solid waste is provided, with most being organic waste. Health risks of improper waste management are outlined. Methods of waste treatment and disposal discussed include composting, open dumps, landfills, and incineration. A survey of dump sites in Gaza provides size and waste quantities. Leachate from landfills can contaminate groundwater if not properly managed.
The document provides an overview of the history and concepts of solid waste management. It discusses the stages of waste disposal from the industrial revolution period through modern concepts of industrial ecology. Methods of waste management covered include reduce, reuse, recycling, composting, incineration, open dumping, and sanitary landfilling. The composition of municipal solid waste and integrated waste management approaches combining various treatment and disposal options are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of common effluent treatment plants (CETPs) in India. It discusses how CETPs were originally promoted to reduce wastewater treatment costs for small and medium industries. It then describes the typical wastewater treatment processes used at CETPs, including preliminary treatment, primary treatment, secondary treatment and tertiary treatment. The document also discusses advantages and disadvantages of CETPs, different disposal methods for treated wastewater, and provides case studies of three CETPs in India.
Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016 - Impacts on ULB’sDevelopment Alternatives
This document explains the current situation of Construction and Demolition Waste Management in India. It focuses on the rules, regulations, and management practices for urban local bodies. It analyses the challenges, and further highlights how the ULB’s are impacted due to the construction and demolition waste management rules, 2016, as notified by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
This document summarizes various electrochemical waste water treatment methods. It discusses separation methods like electrodeionization (EDI), capacitive deionization (CDI), electroflotation, and electrodialysis. It also covers conversion methods such as electrochemical oxidation and reduction. Combined methods like electrocoagulation, electroflotation coagulation, and photoelectrocatalysis are also summarized. The document concludes that electrochemical methods provide efficient, economical, and controllable waste water treatment through separation, conversion and combined techniques. Key advantages include removal of organic matter, heavy metals, and particles in a cost-effective manner while also extracting pure metals and organic pollutants from waste water.
The document summarizes the key points of the Plastic Waste Management Rules 2016 in India. It defines important terms related to plastic waste and sets rules for plastic waste generators, producers, importers, brand owners and local bodies. It mandates waste minimization and segregation. Producers are responsible for plastic waste collection. Use of certain plastics is banned and recycling is promoted. Enforcement authority includes pollution control boards and urban development departments.
The document summarizes the operations of a Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) in Baddi, India. The CETP treats 25 million liters of industrial wastewater per day that is collected from over 300 industries through a 62km pipeline network. It categorizes the wastewater into 5 categories based on contamination levels and treats it using various tanks, instruments, and processes like bioaugmentation and chemical preparation. Key operations include equalization, sedimentation, aeration, and tertiary treatment. The CETP aims to reduce environmental pollution through centralized treatment of industrial effluent.
Extended producer responsibility (EPR) is a policy approach where producers are given responsibility for managing the disposal of products they produce once they are designated as waste. This transfers the costs of waste management from governments to producers. Under EPR frameworks, producers must organize collection and recycling/disposal systems and are responsible for reducing environmental impacts across the product lifecycle. EPR aims to encourage producers to make products more sustainable and recyclable. Plastic Waste Management Rules in India outline EPR provisions where producers, importers, and brand owners must establish waste management systems. EPR implementation requires coordination between many stakeholders like producers, local governments, waste pickers, and pollution control boards.
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a tool used to systematically evaluate the environmental impacts of a product throughout its lifecycle from raw material extraction to disposal. An LCA study compares the environmental impacts of plastic (PET) bottles versus aluminum bottles. The LCA considers impacts like global warming potential and solid waste generated for each material from production to consumption to disposal in the US. While LCA provides useful information, results can lack reliability due to inaccurate or unavailable data and differing system boundaries and assumptions between studies.
The Environment Ministry has revised the Solid Waste Management Rules for the first time in 16 years. The new rules extend the scope of waste management beyond municipal areas to urban and industrial areas. They mandate source segregation of waste into wet, dry and hazardous categories. Local bodies are responsible for setting up waste processing facilities and sanitary landfills within set timeframes. A Central Monitoring Committee has been formed to oversee implementation of the new rules nationwide.
- Plastic waste is a major problem in India, with the country generating approximately 9.4 million tonnes of plastic waste per year. Only 60% of plastic waste is recycled, while the remaining 3.8 million tonnes is left uncollected or littered.
- Improper disposal of plastic waste pollutes land, water, and oceans. Plastic does not biodegrade and releases toxic chemicals when it breaks down. Ingestion of plastic kills or injures many marine and land animals each year.
- The Plastic Waste Management Rules of 2016 in India require waste generators to segregate and dispose of plastic waste properly. Local governments must set up waste collection and encourage recycling. Produc
Lecture note of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
Pulp and paper mills produce large amounts of liquid and solid waste from their pulping and papermaking processes. Liquid waste is characterized by high levels of biochemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, and chemical oxygen demand. Solid waste includes treatment sludge and fly ash. Wastewater treatment involves neutralization, screening, sedimentation, and activated sludge or anaerobic fermentation to remove organic content. Sludge is dewatered and combusted. Alternative sludge treatment technologies include fluidized bed combustion and supercritical water oxidation.
This document discusses source reduction of waste. It defines source reduction as actions that reduce or eliminate waste at the source before it enters the waste stream. This can include reducing packaging, making products more durable and reusable, and changing consumption habits. Source reduction provides both economic benefits through lower waste management costs and environmental benefits by reducing pollution, resource use, and emissions. Government policies like packaging restrictions and taxes can encourage more source reduction. Effective source reduction requires planning to identify reduction goals and strategies.
This presentation discusses textile sludge management. It will cover textile sludge, how it is produced, its characteristics, and treatment processes. The presentation also explores reuse options for textile sludge, such as incorporating it into cement and concrete as a substitute for regular aggregates, using it to manufacture bricks, and employing activated sludge processes to induce microbial growth and further treat wastewater. The conclusion emphasizes that sludge is inherently produced from wastewater treatment and that further research into additional reuse methods is needed.
This document discusses solid waste management in India. It defines different types of solid waste and how waste generation is increasing rapidly in India. The types of wastes include domestic waste, industrial waste, e-waste, plastic waste, and nuclear waste. It notes that waste collection is low in most Indian cities and waste is dumped in landfills. It also discusses the problems of hazardous waste dumping from developed countries in developing countries like India due to lax regulations. Recycling and adopting a zero waste system are presented as potential solutions to better manage the growing waste problem.
Pollution prevention (P2) aims to reduce or eliminate pollution at its source through practices like increasing energy efficiency, using renewable fuels, reducing agricultural inputs, and modifying industrial processes to produce less waste. P2 benefits the environment by lowering pollution hazards and conserving resources, and benefits financial costs by reducing waste management expenses. Waste minimization also aims to reduce hazardous wastes through practices like careful chemical handling, solvent reuse, and neutralizing byproducts. While waste minimization focuses specifically on hazardous waste, pollution prevention more broadly addresses reducing all toxic releases to air, water and land.
Construction and Demolition Waste and its management. There are many less known facts stated in C&D Waste Rules, 2016 published by MoEF&CC, Govt. of India and other Authors. Here is a brief description in the slides.
Air pollution control laws and regulations and Air Pollution Control Philosop...Umay Habiba
Introduction of air pollution, its causes and effects, and the price that we are paying because of this air pollution. Air Pollution Control laws and regulations, purpose of laws and regulations, US air pollution laws and regulations, US clean air act, and Air pollution control philosophies.
4 philosophies of air pollution control
1. Emission Standard Philosophy
2. Air Quality Standard Philosophy
3. Emission Taxes Philosophy
4. Cost-Benefit Standards Philosophy
The comparative study of recycled aggregate and natural aggregate also the comparison between recycled aggregate concrete(RAC) and Natural aggregate concrete(NAC) in various aspects.
The characteristics, quantities, volume and composition of solid waste generated may differ from one country to another and between urban and rural areas.
It depends mainly upon the customs, climate, living conditions and economic standard of the area. As a consequence, if solid waste management is to be accomplished in an efficient and orderly manner, the fundamental aspects and relationships involved must be identified, adjusted for uniformity of data, and understood clearly. This section deals about :Solid Waste Generation ; Solid Waste Handling, Storage and Processing at the Source.
This document provides details on the design and process of an effluent treatment plant (ETP) at Rourkela Steel Plant. The ETP uses coagulants, flocculants and pH adjusters to treat wastewater from the gas cleaning plant. Key components of the ETP include flash mixers for chemical treatment, thickeners to separate solids from water, sludge tanks for sludge storage, and a filter press to dewater the sludge. The ETP is designed to meet performance standards for treated water quality and sludge moisture content.
Regulatory Requirements of Solid Waste Management, Indian ContextAkepati S. Reddy
The document discusses the regulatory requirements for solid waste management in India. It outlines the various rules and laws governing plastic waste, e-waste, biomedical waste, construction waste, and other hazardous wastes. It also describes the duties and responsibilities of various stakeholders in the waste management process like local authorities, pollution control boards, waste generators, and transport and processing facilities. Finally, it provides details on proper waste handling, segregation, storage, collection, transportation, processing, and disposal in accordance with the Solid Waste Management Rules of 2016.
This document discusses municipal solid waste management. It outlines different types of solid waste including household, industrial, and agricultural waste. Municipal solid waste consists of household waste, construction debris, and waste from streets and institutions. The document notes that more than 25% of municipal solid waste in Indian cities is not collected and many cities lack adequate transportation and sanitary landfills. It provides examples of how long different materials like paper, plastic, glass, and wood take to decompose. The document also describes Bhuj, India's implementation of door-to-door waste collection and various methods for solid waste disposal and management like landfilling, composting, and incineration.
The document summarizes the Eco Health Centre, a successful model for managing municipal solid waste in Kodungallur, Kerala. The model features an Automated Plastic Separation Machine (APSM) that separates plastic from mixed waste with 99.91% accuracy. The APSM allows recovery of separated plastic and production of bio-degradable slurry. The slurry is further processed to generate biogas and high-quality compost, providing an effective waste management solution that prevents pollution and recovers resources from waste.
Environment impacts and e- WASTE Management @ KERALA AJAL A J
E-Waste Collection Centres In Kerala Soon
Responsibility of the government on E-Waste Management
Tips for proper disposal of E-waste by industries
Tips for citizens about the disposal of E-Waste
The document summarizes the operations of a Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) in Baddi, India. The CETP treats 25 million liters of industrial wastewater per day that is collected from over 300 industries through a 62km pipeline network. It categorizes the wastewater into 5 categories based on contamination levels and treats it using various tanks, instruments, and processes like bioaugmentation and chemical preparation. Key operations include equalization, sedimentation, aeration, and tertiary treatment. The CETP aims to reduce environmental pollution through centralized treatment of industrial effluent.
Extended producer responsibility (EPR) is a policy approach where producers are given responsibility for managing the disposal of products they produce once they are designated as waste. This transfers the costs of waste management from governments to producers. Under EPR frameworks, producers must organize collection and recycling/disposal systems and are responsible for reducing environmental impacts across the product lifecycle. EPR aims to encourage producers to make products more sustainable and recyclable. Plastic Waste Management Rules in India outline EPR provisions where producers, importers, and brand owners must establish waste management systems. EPR implementation requires coordination between many stakeholders like producers, local governments, waste pickers, and pollution control boards.
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a tool used to systematically evaluate the environmental impacts of a product throughout its lifecycle from raw material extraction to disposal. An LCA study compares the environmental impacts of plastic (PET) bottles versus aluminum bottles. The LCA considers impacts like global warming potential and solid waste generated for each material from production to consumption to disposal in the US. While LCA provides useful information, results can lack reliability due to inaccurate or unavailable data and differing system boundaries and assumptions between studies.
The Environment Ministry has revised the Solid Waste Management Rules for the first time in 16 years. The new rules extend the scope of waste management beyond municipal areas to urban and industrial areas. They mandate source segregation of waste into wet, dry and hazardous categories. Local bodies are responsible for setting up waste processing facilities and sanitary landfills within set timeframes. A Central Monitoring Committee has been formed to oversee implementation of the new rules nationwide.
- Plastic waste is a major problem in India, with the country generating approximately 9.4 million tonnes of plastic waste per year. Only 60% of plastic waste is recycled, while the remaining 3.8 million tonnes is left uncollected or littered.
- Improper disposal of plastic waste pollutes land, water, and oceans. Plastic does not biodegrade and releases toxic chemicals when it breaks down. Ingestion of plastic kills or injures many marine and land animals each year.
- The Plastic Waste Management Rules of 2016 in India require waste generators to segregate and dispose of plastic waste properly. Local governments must set up waste collection and encourage recycling. Produc
Lecture note of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
Pulp and paper mills produce large amounts of liquid and solid waste from their pulping and papermaking processes. Liquid waste is characterized by high levels of biochemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, and chemical oxygen demand. Solid waste includes treatment sludge and fly ash. Wastewater treatment involves neutralization, screening, sedimentation, and activated sludge or anaerobic fermentation to remove organic content. Sludge is dewatered and combusted. Alternative sludge treatment technologies include fluidized bed combustion and supercritical water oxidation.
This document discusses source reduction of waste. It defines source reduction as actions that reduce or eliminate waste at the source before it enters the waste stream. This can include reducing packaging, making products more durable and reusable, and changing consumption habits. Source reduction provides both economic benefits through lower waste management costs and environmental benefits by reducing pollution, resource use, and emissions. Government policies like packaging restrictions and taxes can encourage more source reduction. Effective source reduction requires planning to identify reduction goals and strategies.
This presentation discusses textile sludge management. It will cover textile sludge, how it is produced, its characteristics, and treatment processes. The presentation also explores reuse options for textile sludge, such as incorporating it into cement and concrete as a substitute for regular aggregates, using it to manufacture bricks, and employing activated sludge processes to induce microbial growth and further treat wastewater. The conclusion emphasizes that sludge is inherently produced from wastewater treatment and that further research into additional reuse methods is needed.
This document discusses solid waste management in India. It defines different types of solid waste and how waste generation is increasing rapidly in India. The types of wastes include domestic waste, industrial waste, e-waste, plastic waste, and nuclear waste. It notes that waste collection is low in most Indian cities and waste is dumped in landfills. It also discusses the problems of hazardous waste dumping from developed countries in developing countries like India due to lax regulations. Recycling and adopting a zero waste system are presented as potential solutions to better manage the growing waste problem.
Pollution prevention (P2) aims to reduce or eliminate pollution at its source through practices like increasing energy efficiency, using renewable fuels, reducing agricultural inputs, and modifying industrial processes to produce less waste. P2 benefits the environment by lowering pollution hazards and conserving resources, and benefits financial costs by reducing waste management expenses. Waste minimization also aims to reduce hazardous wastes through practices like careful chemical handling, solvent reuse, and neutralizing byproducts. While waste minimization focuses specifically on hazardous waste, pollution prevention more broadly addresses reducing all toxic releases to air, water and land.
Construction and Demolition Waste and its management. There are many less known facts stated in C&D Waste Rules, 2016 published by MoEF&CC, Govt. of India and other Authors. Here is a brief description in the slides.
Air pollution control laws and regulations and Air Pollution Control Philosop...Umay Habiba
Introduction of air pollution, its causes and effects, and the price that we are paying because of this air pollution. Air Pollution Control laws and regulations, purpose of laws and regulations, US air pollution laws and regulations, US clean air act, and Air pollution control philosophies.
4 philosophies of air pollution control
1. Emission Standard Philosophy
2. Air Quality Standard Philosophy
3. Emission Taxes Philosophy
4. Cost-Benefit Standards Philosophy
The comparative study of recycled aggregate and natural aggregate also the comparison between recycled aggregate concrete(RAC) and Natural aggregate concrete(NAC) in various aspects.
The characteristics, quantities, volume and composition of solid waste generated may differ from one country to another and between urban and rural areas.
It depends mainly upon the customs, climate, living conditions and economic standard of the area. As a consequence, if solid waste management is to be accomplished in an efficient and orderly manner, the fundamental aspects and relationships involved must be identified, adjusted for uniformity of data, and understood clearly. This section deals about :Solid Waste Generation ; Solid Waste Handling, Storage and Processing at the Source.
This document provides details on the design and process of an effluent treatment plant (ETP) at Rourkela Steel Plant. The ETP uses coagulants, flocculants and pH adjusters to treat wastewater from the gas cleaning plant. Key components of the ETP include flash mixers for chemical treatment, thickeners to separate solids from water, sludge tanks for sludge storage, and a filter press to dewater the sludge. The ETP is designed to meet performance standards for treated water quality and sludge moisture content.
Regulatory Requirements of Solid Waste Management, Indian ContextAkepati S. Reddy
The document discusses the regulatory requirements for solid waste management in India. It outlines the various rules and laws governing plastic waste, e-waste, biomedical waste, construction waste, and other hazardous wastes. It also describes the duties and responsibilities of various stakeholders in the waste management process like local authorities, pollution control boards, waste generators, and transport and processing facilities. Finally, it provides details on proper waste handling, segregation, storage, collection, transportation, processing, and disposal in accordance with the Solid Waste Management Rules of 2016.
This document discusses municipal solid waste management. It outlines different types of solid waste including household, industrial, and agricultural waste. Municipal solid waste consists of household waste, construction debris, and waste from streets and institutions. The document notes that more than 25% of municipal solid waste in Indian cities is not collected and many cities lack adequate transportation and sanitary landfills. It provides examples of how long different materials like paper, plastic, glass, and wood take to decompose. The document also describes Bhuj, India's implementation of door-to-door waste collection and various methods for solid waste disposal and management like landfilling, composting, and incineration.
The document summarizes the Eco Health Centre, a successful model for managing municipal solid waste in Kodungallur, Kerala. The model features an Automated Plastic Separation Machine (APSM) that separates plastic from mixed waste with 99.91% accuracy. The APSM allows recovery of separated plastic and production of bio-degradable slurry. The slurry is further processed to generate biogas and high-quality compost, providing an effective waste management solution that prevents pollution and recovers resources from waste.
Environment impacts and e- WASTE Management @ KERALA AJAL A J
E-Waste Collection Centres In Kerala Soon
Responsibility of the government on E-Waste Management
Tips for proper disposal of E-waste by industries
Tips for citizens about the disposal of E-Waste
By Ajay Justin O
This is a study on the waste management process carried out for the city by the Corporation of Cochin. The Study examines the existing waste management system in the Cochin City, critically study it, bring out the pros and cons and shall also submit certain suggestions so as to improve the efficiency of the existing system.
Bio Medical Waste Management And Handling Rules 1998ASHISH SINGH
The document discusses India's Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 1998 which were established to regulate the management of biomedical waste from healthcare facilities. It defines biomedical waste and categories it based on potential hazards. The rules require all waste generators to treat and dispose of waste properly to prevent risks to public health and the environment. Facilities must segregate waste, maintain records, and report any accidents. The rules aim to formalize waste handling practices in India and prevent improper disposal of biomedical waste.
The document summarizes the Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008 in India. Key points include:
- The rules regulate the management, handling, and transboundary movement of hazardous wastes in India.
- They specify definitions, responsibilities of various parties, and procedures for authorization, storage, recycling/reuse, import/export, and enforcement.
- Permissions and compliance with the rules are required for generation, storage, transport, treatment, and disposal of hazardous wastes.
Here are the main types of hazardous materials:
- Chemicals - This includes industrial chemicals, cleaning products, pesticides, and other substances used in manufacturing, agriculture, healthcare, and other industries. Many of these have toxic, flammable, corrosive or reactive properties.
- Petroleum products - Gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, lubricants, and other petroleum-based liquids are flammable and can also be toxic.
- Radioactive materials - Used in nuclear power generation, medical procedures, research, and some industrial processes. Poses radiation hazards.
- Batteries - Rechargeable and non-rechargeable batteries can contain toxic heavy metals like mercury, cadmium,
10 Steps to Actionable Analytics for Digital MarketingSmart Insights
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like depression and anxiety.
This document provides an overview of solid waste management. It begins with definitions of solid waste and municipal solid waste. It then discusses sources and types of municipal solid waste, as well as typical generation quantities. The key elements of municipal solid waste management systems are outlined, including collection, transfer, transport, disposal methods like landfilling and incineration, and the 4R concept of reduce, reuse, recycle, recover. Specific collection and disposal methods are described in more detail. The document also discusses the characteristics, composition and impact of municipal solid waste. A case study example is provided at the end to illustrate some of the concepts.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT at KALUTHARA(KALUTHARA URBAN COUNCIL)
A presentation Done by the 1st Year Students (Group 2) of the Department of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura for the Environmental Chemistry Assignment..
The document summarizes the key rules around hazardous waste management and handling in India according to the Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989 and subsequent amendments. Some key points:
- It defines hazardous waste and lists categories of wastes that fall under hazardous waste.
- Occupiers (waste generators) and operators of waste facilities must obtain authorization from state pollution control boards to handle hazardous waste.
- There are requirements around proper packaging, labeling, transport and tracking of hazardous waste shipments.
- States must identify and acquire sites for treatment, storage and disposal of hazardous waste. Occupiers are responsible for environmentally sound operation and closure of these facilities.
- Import
Solid waste management involves the collection, transport, processing, and disposal of solid wastes. There are different types of wastes including solid, liquid, biodegradable, non-biodegradable, and hazardous wastes. Municipal solid waste is a major type and comes from households, commercial areas, and construction sites. Common solid waste management methods include landfilling, incineration, composting, and recycling/reuse. Proper waste management is important for public health and environmental protection.
The document discusses solid waste management. It defines different types of solid waste and their effects. It describes concepts of waste management including reduce, reuse and recycle. Methods of solid waste storage, collection, transport, disposal and technologies are explained. Recommendations are made to improve waste management through increased public awareness, prohibiting littering, and moving from open dumping to sanitary landfilling.
IRJET- Use of Constructed Wetland Cum Microbial Fuel Cell for Urban Waste Wat...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a proposed hybrid technology for urban wastewater treatment and nutrient recovery using constructed wetlands and microbial fuel cells (MFCs) powered by renewable energy. It notes that currently only 37% of India's wastewater is treated, below standards. The proposed system would use MFCs to initially treat wastewater through ion exchange, with remaining water drained to constructed wetlands for further biological treatment. This hybrid approach could effectively treat wastewater while reducing land area needs. If commercialized, it could help treat an additional 20,000 million liters of wastewater daily in India within 5 years, improving current wastewater treatment shortfalls.
Sewage Treatment Plant Manufacturer & Suppliers of Industrial Water Treatment...Penguin Water Technologies
Sewage Treatment Plant Manufacturers 2022 or STP plant is utilized to eliminate contaminants from waste water. It consists of Bodily, chemical and organic and natural course of action to remove Bodily, chemical and Organic contaminants. Sewage Treatment method Plant is extremely helpful and affordable. Penguin Water Technologies is manufacturer of STP plant in civil and mechanical both situated in U.P, M.P, Uttarakhand, Haryana and Delhi NCR. Our customers give regeneration finest best STP Manufacturer with the compact design and style, person pleasant, longevity, lower maintenance, corrosion resistance and extended support life options of all our STP plant constructions and overall performance.
Potential of Municipal Sludge - A Cradle to Cradle Approach Towards Circular ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses municipal sludge management in India within the context of a circular economy approach. It notes that as India's population and urbanization continues to grow rapidly, it will face scarcity of natural resources by 2050 unless it moves towards optimal resource utilization and zero waste production through circular economy solutions. Currently, about 60% of India's population depends on on-site sanitation systems that produce faecal sludge. While municipal sludge contains valuable nutrients, its reuse in India faces social stigma and a lack of comprehensive regulatory policies. The document examines sludge management practices in other countries and some examples of sludge reuse in Indian cities like Chennai and Ahmedabad.
This document discusses solid waste management practices in India. It provides an overview of waste generation rates in India from 2011 to 2041. It covers the key aspects of solid waste management - collection, segregation, transportation, treatment and disposal. Some best practices from cities in India and other countries are highlighted, including initiatives around waste reduction, recycling, composting, and converting waste to fuel. Newer technologies for waste processing like aerobic granular sludge are also discussed. The challenges around e-waste and liquid waste management are reviewed.
This document discusses Horizon Environmental Research and Engineering Solutions and their work developing innovative solutions for environmental sustainability. It focuses on their organic waste management and faecal waste management systems. For organic waste, Horizon has developed a composting system that uses a consortium of microorganisms to accelerate the composting process. Their faecal waste system uses bio-digester toilets. The document outlines the benefits of Horizon's systems, which include converting waste into fertilizer, reducing costs, and promoting clean environments.
The document proposes a solution to convert municipal solid waste into energy in urban areas of India. It estimates that 55 million tons of solid waste is generated annually in urban India. The solution involves segregating, collecting, and treating waste to produce syngas via pyrolysis, which would then be used to generate electricity. This waste-to-energy process could help address India's increasing energy demands while reducing waste and pollution from landfills. The proposal estimates the system could generate 3 megawatts of power per day from treating 300 tons of waste and create over 500,000 jobs.
This document is a seminar report on solid waste management submitted by Gulshan Kumar to fulfill requirements for a B.Tech degree in civil engineering. It discusses the nature and generation of solid waste in India, as well as various methods for processing, treating, and disposing of solid waste including composting, vermicomposting, anaerobic digestion, incineration, and landfilling. It also covers drawbacks of current solid waste management practices and initiatives taken by state governments to improve waste handling. The report provides an overview of technologies and issues related to solid waste management in India.
Solid Waste Management on slide share.pptAmritaDaripa3
This document summarizes solid waste management initiatives in India. It notes that India produces around 42 million tons of municipal solid waste annually, with urban populations generating around 1.15 lakh metric tons per day. The composition of Indian solid waste includes 30-55% biodegradable matter, 40-55% inert matter, and 5-15% recyclables. It also discusses key government policies and initiatives around solid waste management in India like the Swachh Bharat Mission and opportunities for innovation in areas like smart waste management and public-private partnerships.
This document provides an overview of waste-to-energy technologies and discusses their viability and use in India. It begins with definitions of waste-to-energy and discusses why these systems are used to address environmental issues from landfills and fossil fuels. It then covers the technological processes, current statistics on waste generation in major Indian cities, and considerations for technology selection. The document also discusses the commercial viability and key government policies supporting waste-to-energy in India. It analyzes the environmental performance and provides a case study on a large waste-to-energy project in Delhi.
Automated home waste segregation and management systemIJECEIAES
Waste management is a massive issue in India, most of the present systems cannot manage waste on a scalable level, thus creating pressure on the ecosystem. Before the elimination of waste, segregation needs to be done to manage individual types of waste. Hence taken the same approach to solving the problem, which most of the present-day systems fail to do. The goal is to segregate the garbage generated in individual households into solid, liquid, biodegradable, non-biodegradable, combustible, and non-combustible, using many subsystems that involve electro pneumatics, compression, and storage. Image processing techniques will further advocate the process. The desired system will further reduce the waste of an in-built pulverizer. After conducting in-depth research on the present solutions for the urban waste processing chain, the level of complexity increases as the waste goes further along the chain and, in the end, the only option left is incineration was figured out. The solution allows endpoints of the chain to process different types of garbage in a more organized fashion. Municipal solid waste (MSW) is solid waste that results from municipal community, commercial, institutional, and recreational activities. This paper aims to segregate the MSW generated by households into biodegradable, non-biodegradable, combustible, and noncombustible.
Kagal Solid Waste Treatment - A case study on an option for solid waste treat...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes the solid waste treatment process used in Kagal, India. Municipal solid waste is collected separately from households and businesses and transported to the treatment facility. There, the waste is segregated into organic and inorganic portions. The organic waste is shredded, mixed with water and cow dung, and placed in anaerobic digesters where biogas is generated. The biogas is collected and used to generate electricity, with excess power supplied to street lights. The remaining digestate is composted to produce fertilizer. The system diverts wet waste from landfills while generating renewable energy and nutrient-rich compost.
This document discusses waste-to-energy projects in India. It provides information on different types of waste like municipal solid waste and industrial waste that can be used to generate energy. Municipal solid waste contains enough organic matter to produce energy through processes like composting and power generation. Power generation is seen as a better option than composting as it has established markets and is less prone to issues like foul smells. Private partnerships are recommended for implementing waste-to-energy plants as they require significant capital investments. Certain industrial wastes from sectors like food processing and distilleries also contain enough organic matter to feasibly produce energy.
The document discusses the problem of sewage and solid waste management in urban India. It notes the rapid increase in domestic and industrial waste due to urbanization and economic growth. Current waste disposal methods are insufficient, with only 30% of sewage facilities meeting benchmarks. Solutions proposed include creating public-private partnerships for waste collection, transport, and processing into usable materials like compost to reduce dumping. Barriers to private sector involvement like financial challenges are also covered.
The growing population and their changing consumption patterns have made Solid Waste Management a serious environmental and social problem. This situation has further become complex as domestic waste, market waste, industrial waste, agricultural and hazardous waste and other types of waste including both degradable and non-degradable particles get mixed in the mainstream of the municipal solid waste. Failure to segregate waste at the source has created the need for alternate methods. Drum–Sieve segregator is one such alternative for segregation, which similar to conventional processes segregate the non-decomposable from the decomposed particles through a sieve. The Drum-Sieve segregator is an approach to provide the segregation at lower power requirements, unlike conventional processes which are bulky and require larger space and power for operation. The Drum-sieve segregator is aimed to be used in cities where space for huge plants for operation is scarce. And hence it is designed to be compact and efficient. Drum-Sieve segregator is primarily aimed for segregating plastic from Organic waste, which is the final separated product obtained that can used a natural fertilizers. Unlike traditional segregating systems, the proposed model is smaller, easy to maintain and absorbs less power. It is mobile, and eliminates the need for manual feeding and cleaning of impurities.
The document discusses solutions for plastic waste management using a technology called SAFEReCYCLER. It summarizes that SAFEReCYCLER can convert mixed and contaminated plastic waste at its source into sterile plastic chips. This eliminates improper disposal of plastic waste and prevents spread of pathogens. The technology offers a compact and automatic solution to tackle the growing plastic waste crisis globally and in India by processing waste at the point of generation.
IRJET- Reuse of Wastewater and Solid Waste Management Module for a Household ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses reuse of wastewater and solid waste management for a household unit. It begins with an abstract that outlines India's water scarcity problems and the importance of recycling domestic greywater and solid waste at the household level. The introduction then defines greywater and blackwater wastewater types and discusses source separation strategies. It also examines the composition of solid waste generated in houses. The objectives are to improve wastewater quality for reuse and utilize solid waste. A literature review covers past studies on greywater reuse techniques and treatment.
IRJET- Comparative Analysis for Enhancing Solid Waste Management TechniqueIRJET Journal
This document analyzes and compares solid waste management techniques used in five major cities in India that are experiencing rapid urbanization and industrialization. It discusses the waste generation rates, current management methods like dumping and composting, and enhanced techniques being implemented. These include improved waste segregation, transportation to recycling plants, bioreactor landfills, bio-methanation, vermicomposting, and incineration. The analysis aims to identify best practices for sustainable solid waste management given the increasing waste volumes from population and economic growth.
On 2nd October 2014, Swachh Bharat Mission was launched throughout length and breadth of the country as a national movement. The campaign aims to achieve the vision of a 'Clean India' by 2nd October 2019. The Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is the most significant cleanliness campaign by the Government of India.
This document is a technical seminar report on solid waste management submitted by Shaheryar Anwar to Visvesvaraya Technological University. It discusses various methods for processing, treating, and disposing of solid waste such as composting, vermicomposting, incineration, pelletization, and landfilling. It also outlines some drawbacks of current solid waste management systems such as the lack of waste storage at the source, irregular street sweeping, and inefficient transportation of waste. The report provides an overview of solid waste management issues and technologies in India.
Similar to Municipal solid waste management ehc (20)
Beef and beyond- an empirical romanticization of current Indian politico econ...Amal K
Ban on sale of bovine animals for slaughter has been banned in India on 27th May 2017. Is it a politically motivated step by the current right wing Government as being argued by many in the political front or is it part of a larger agenda with deeper implications?? Is it an isolated move or is there a clear pattern in what we are witnessing in the political as well as economic spheres of the country over these years?? Have finance capital and certain powers controlling power centers across the globe imposing their decisions over us and we fail to see what is the real intention behind many happenings and policy decisions??
This document advertises Emperor Estate, an 18-acre farm resort developed by MarqLand in Southern India. The resort offers plots of land for sale that are planted with fruit trees. It aims to help people reconnect with nature by allowing them to plant vegetables and fruits with their families. It is located just 45 minutes from Bengaluru and includes amenities like a clubhouse, swimming pool, and walking trails. The developer will help patrons build eco-friendly homes and rent out the properties for income.
Liquid Plastic Reactor (LPR)-a path breaking improvisation of the highly successful prototype of Eco Health Center has been developed in Kodungalloor. The LPR works on the concept of de-polymerization and converts plastic segregated from municipal solid waste into fuel class liquid, which in turn can be used in automobiles and generators as their primary fuel.
APSM on wheels-The mobile version of APSM is the latest improvisation of the traditional plant based plastic separation and slurry composting MSW module. This is effectively a vehicle mounted version of APSM which further improves the cost effectiveness of the whole process of treating MSW.
The document discusses the Graduate Finishing School (GFS) program run by the non-profit Vidya Poshak.
[1] GFS aims to equip university graduates with employability skills missing from their formal education, as only 10-15% of Indian graduates are deemed employable. It provides training in communication, time management, analytics and other skills sought by employers.
[2] Over 750 students from various districts of Karnataka have graduated from GFS since 2009. Major recruiters include HP, Fidelity Investments, and banks. Many graduates find jobs in Bangalore and other cities.
[3] The success and expansion of the GFS model to other locations demonstrates its
This document discusses sustainable solutions for municipal solid waste (MSW) management. It outlines several challenges with current approaches, including how to handle mixed waste, address plastic and environmental pollution, and manage landfills. The Eco-Health Centre (EHC) concept is presented as an innovative solution developed after extensive research. The EHC approach involves mechanical separation of waste, processing in core modules like a plastic separator and biogas plant, and producing outputs like biomanure. Case studies demonstrate successful recycling of over 1500 tons of waste. Key benefits are presented as 100% recycling and conversion of waste to useful products while avoiding harms of incineration or landfilling. Investment costs for basic and full modules with biogas capabilities are provided
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Building RAG with self-deployed Milvus vector database and Snowpark Container...Zilliz
This talk will give hands-on advice on building RAG applications with an open-source Milvus database deployed as a docker container. We will also introduce the integration of Milvus with Snowpark Container Services.
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Introducing Milvus Lite: Easy-to-Install, Easy-to-Use vector database for you...Zilliz
Join us to introduce Milvus Lite, a vector database that can run on notebooks and laptops, share the same API with Milvus, and integrate with every popular GenAI framework. This webinar is perfect for developers seeking easy-to-use, well-integrated vector databases for their GenAI apps.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
20 Comprehensive Checklist of Designing and Developing a WebsitePixlogix Infotech
Dive into the world of Website Designing and Developing with Pixlogix! Looking to create a stunning online presence? Look no further! Our comprehensive checklist covers everything you need to know to craft a website that stands out. From user-friendly design to seamless functionality, we've got you covered. Don't miss out on this invaluable resource! Check out our checklist now at Pixlogix and start your journey towards a captivating online presence today.
20 Comprehensive Checklist of Designing and Developing a Website
Municipal solid waste management ehc
1. 2012
Eco Health Centre (EHC)
A conceptual project for the Solid Waste Management at
Vadavathur, Vijayapuram Panchayat, Kottayam
Prepared By
Amal.K
+91-8277022808
amal.iirm@gmail.com
2. A Proposal for MSW Management for MSW Vadavathur, Kottayam District
PROJECT AT A GLANCE:
a) PROJECT : MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE PROCESSING
b) LOCATION : VADAVATHUR, KOTTAYAM
c) PROMOTER : KOTTAYAM MUNICIPALITY, KOTTAYAM
d) OPERATOR :RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LTD.,
HYDERABAD.
e) SUB CONTRACTOR : SITCO, KODUNGALLUR
f) CAPACITY : INPUT 30 MT GAEBAGE PER DAY
3. A Proposal for MSW Management for MSW Vadavathur, Kottayam District
PREFACE
Dumping of waste is an economic transaction
An asset can be defined as something that is of value to the holder of it. It ceases to be an
asset at the point when the holder of it feels it no more valuable and when it so ceases to
be an asset, he hurries to dispose it considering it a waste. An individual strives to protect
his assets while he throws away the waste. This is the natural course of any transaction.
Waste for someone is Asset for someone
We can now analyze the same in the context of municipal waste. The society comprising
numerous entities that dump waste materials, as a whole, dumps a huge bulk of waste
which is detrimental to the public health. To protect the public health, the very learned
law makers all over the world defined the waste as the asset of Municipalities (refer Sec
330 of Municipal Act, India). This makes the Municipalities feel responsible to protect
the waste because waste is their asset.
Asset becomes waste if managed by obsolete technology
The primary responsibility of the Municipality is to recycle the waste and maintain public
health. It is the negligence of the Thiruvananthapuram Corporation in adopting an
updated technology to carry out this primary responsibility of ‘managing waste’ that led
to the forced locking down of Vilappilsala waste recycling plant by the public. This is a
visible evidence how the public expresses anger when their resilience is tested and such
public outbreaks are bound to repeat in other parts of Kerala also if the other corporations
or municipalities shows the same negligence.
4. A Proposal for MSW Management for MSW Vadavathur, Kottayam District
Our proposal for an updated world class technology
We put forth the proposal of a European standard bioreactor and our APS modules as a
solution to the waste recycling management at Kottayam Municipality. The approximate
cost @ six hundred lakhs rupees for 30 tonnes. of MSW, We are also prepared to
implement the model adopted in the Kodungallur Municipality, if the client feels it suits
for Vadavathur.
Please note the amount quoted are based on the assumption that the existing waste
recycling buildings, machineries and vehicles at Kottayam can be used for the mentioned
projects.
1. INTRODUCTION
COMPANY PROFILE:
5. A Proposal for MSW Management for MSW Vadavathur, Kottayam District
SITCO is a 20 year old private limited company, functioning in the field of
manufacturing of Special Purpose machines. We have designed and installed
machines for specialized usages for many well known industrial establishments
and SSIs. We mainly deal in size reduction machines.
Address:
SITCO
M/s Suntech Industrial Steel CO,
Edavalangu P. O, Thrissur 680671.
2. MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE SCENARIO-KOTTAYAM:
The rapid growth of population and urbanization decreases the non renewable
resources and disposal of effluent and toxic waste indiscriminately, are the major
environmental issues posing threats to the existence of human being (Allen et al;
1997). The most common problems associated with improper management of solid
waste include diseases transmission, fire hazards, odor nuisance, atmospheric and
water pollution, aesthetic nuisance and economic losses (Jilani et al). There has been a
significant increase in solid waste generation in India over the years from 100 gm per
person per day in small towns to 500 grams per persons per day in large towns.
Presently most of the municipal solid waste in India is being disposed unscientifically
(Akolkar, A.B; 2005). Generally municipal solid waste is collected and deposited in
sanitary landfill, such unscientific disposal attract birds, rodents and fleas to the waste
dumping site and create unhygienic conditions (Suchitra, et al). The degradation of
the solid waste results in the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and
other trace gases. The unscientific landfill may reduce the quality of the drinking
6. A Proposal for MSW Management for MSW Vadavathur, Kottayam District
water and causes the disease like jaundice, nausea, asthma (MeBean, E. A et al; Amar
M. Dhere et al; 1995).
Solid waste Management is a dilemma faced by the cities and towns in Kerala and
finding a suitable landfill area is the serious problem faced by the urban centers in
Kerala.
2.1. Initial Observations
A casual study of MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) regions under consideration
revealed the following. The MSW contains moisture to about 50-70%, plastic
about 10-20% , organics 20-30% , Heavy solids (glass, metal pieces, ceramics etc)
1-2%. The waste from slaughtering region is around 4-5 tons/day. (Calculated
based on 50kg waste is generating for each cow / buffalo slaughtering time)
In this region receive rain for 8 months on an average and the relative humidity is
very high (65 to 80)
3. PROCESSES AVAILABLE TO TREAT MSW:
3.1. Aerobic Composting
Most of the Indian cities are using aerobic composting to treat municipal solid waste.
But this process has not proved to be quite ideal for Kerala-thanks to high humidity,
higher moisture content in typical garbage received and longer rainy days in the State.
All these factors combined generate more leachate, which adds to the woes of
municipal authorities.
7. A Proposal for MSW Management for MSW Vadavathur, Kottayam District
Besides, in this technology plastic cannot be separated for commercial use. In
addition to their the EM bacteria which is generally use in the technology will
remain alive in compost and landfill which is learned to be not advisable.
Practically, close to 15% of the MSW is converted into useful compost and all
remaining has to be discarded as landfill.
3.2. Bio gas plants- present technologies.
The present biogas technology used in Kerala and all over India for MSW
processing have become obsolete. This technology is not efficient as in the
thermophilic bacteria based processing.
The outlet slurry contains bacteria causing contagious diseases, which pollute
water and surrounding. Separation of plastic makes bio gas feeding also
impractical.
3.3. Vermin Composting;
This technology is not suitable for non vegetarian components. In this case also
Plastic mixed with biodegradable waste prove to a bottleneck.
3.4. Waste pelletization for fuel
Two small scale experimental projects were undertaken in the State to dry and
pelletize municipal waste. Both failed for the simple reason that the calorific value of
mixed Indian waste is barely 800 to 1000 Kcal/kg of waste. Sun-drying becomes
impossible in monsoon rains. Covered storage of sufficient area is prohibitively costly
and artificial drying is energy-negative. Issues of PVC waste generating dioxins from
burning of Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) have not been addressed yet.
8. A Proposal for MSW Management for MSW Vadavathur, Kottayam District
3.5. Other Thermal Processes: (Incineration , Pyrolysis, Catalytic Thermal
conversions to fuels etc.)
As India has signed in the CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) under
Kyoto protocol, thermal processing of organic waste matters has limitations.
As the moisture content of our MSW is 50-70% the plants will not be
commercially viable. It also needed heavy investment and maintenance cost,
which is sufficient to consume gigantic pie of the revenue of the municipal
bodies.
4. DETAILS OF SUGGESTED TECHNOLOGY
The suggested technology is named as Eco health centre (EHC)
4.1. SALIENT FEATURES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CENTRE
TECHNOLOGY
No Foul smell, No water pollution, No discharge of leachate. No Fly’s
The machine GREEN APSM (Automatic Plastic Separation Module) can automatically
separate the mixed city garbage into bio-degradable and non-bio degradable.
GREEN APSM is capable of separating the plastic, rubber, etc instantaneously on
feeding and can process the organic matter to the aerobic /anaerobic compost.
9. A Proposal for MSW Management for MSW Vadavathur, Kottayam District
This is the only system available in India to process the municipal solid waste
on day to day basis. Processing capacity of each module is 1- 3 tons/Hr.
The municipal solid waste we receive is not a homogenous mixture. The
machines make it homogenous to be fit enough for anaerobic digestion, aerobic
composting or vermin-composting.
In anaerobic process, the products are biogas and 99.5% plastic free bio
manure. The fuel extracted from this process can be utilized for running the
plant and the remaining fuel can be sold directly or can convert it into
electricity.
In aerobic process, products are 99.5% plastic free bio manure and plastic
powder.
Due to higher rate of oxygenation /aeration in enclosed chamber up to the 10
meter height, the pollutants are minimized in this plant hence reducing the
chance of spread of contagious viral diseases.
No chemicals or genetically modified bacteria are involved in this process.
This plant can process any solid waste containing heavy fibers, like tender
coconut husks, elephant dung, branches of trees, etc.
Solid waste includes born from fish/meat markets can also be processed in this
plant.
10. A Proposal for MSW Management for MSW Vadavathur, Kottayam District
The average power consumption of the plant is 15kw/Hr/ton (60Rs).
Doesn’t create water, air or sound pollution
Follows MSW rules 2000 of India.
The plant can be of stainless steel Built
4.2. Limitations of the EHC technology
1. Biomedical waste, industrial waste and e waste cannot be process through this
technology.
2. As the system is dynamic machineries based, failure in critical machines may
affect the regular functioning of the system.
3. The presence chemicals and certain pathogen may upset the bioreactor system.
4.3. Suggestions for overcoming the limitations.
1. Bio medical waste and Industrial waste need separate system for collection and
processing
2. Sufficient spare machines should be installed and regular maintenance should be
carried out. This should be ensured in contract sign between the technology
provider and stake holders.
3. Regular scientific monitoring of organic slurry and the installation of a proper
discard system should be included in the process layout of bioreactor feed system.
4. Insure the properties and proper maintenance for all systems should be
incorporated.
11. A Proposal for MSW Management for MSW Vadavathur, Kottayam District
5. Precautionary Dumping yard should be constructed for meeting contingencies
4.4. LIMITATIONS OF THE EXISTING MECHANISM IN KOTTAYAM
The process and technology used in MSW plant Kottayam has the following
drawbacks:
1. Leachate generation: Owing to the very nature of the process being followed in
Kottayam, leachate is generated as a natural by product. Leachate is generated
both from windrow platform as well as from the sanitary landfills. This causes
great inconvenience for the nearby residents.
2. Odor: The accelerated bio digestion causes bad odor, which invites high
resistance from the nearby residents against the plant operations.
3. Rejects/Landfill: More than 70 % of the garbage (By volume) what is received
everyday goes into landfills.
4. Minimal recovery of reusable plastic: The current process does not allow
recovery of plastic for reuse. This is a major cause for the high volume of net
reject after processing which ultimately goes in to the landfill.
4.5. HOW EHC PROPOSE TO ADDRESS THESE ISSUES:
1. EHC separates the fresh garbage into Bio-Degradable and non-bio degradable.
2. The Bio degradable materials are crushed to make slurry of it, which is further
allowed to degenerate in natural way. This process ensures that no foul smell is
generated in the whole process.
12. A Proposal for MSW Management for MSW Vadavathur, Kottayam District
3. Non bio-degradable particles-Mainly plastic- is separated by APS.. This allows
recovery of plastic in reusable form. This reduces the need of landfill to less than
8% of the present level.
4. Since the rejects are 100% free of biological particles, the chances of generation of
leachate at landfill is practically nil.
5. The leachate generated at the feeding point is reused in the process. By this it is
ensured that no leachate is released out of the plant. This approach solves the issue
of leachate generation which the gravest issue in the present process.
6. The bio degradable slurry is ideal to be fed into bio gas plants. This allows
generation of electricity out of waste.
13. A Proposal for MSW Management for MSW Vadavathur, Kottayam District
5. PROPOSED PLANT STRUCTURE
EHC is consists of a bunch of different modules:
5.1 APSM module –
Plastic collection
tank
Leachate
Fresh garbage feeding
collection
point
tank
14. A Proposal for MSW Management for MSW Vadavathur, Kottayam District
Existing plant at Kodungalloor
15. A Proposal for MSW Management for MSW Vadavathur, Kottayam District
The core APSM ensure that the basic separation of Bio-degradable and Non Bio-
degradable are achieved without using any chemicals and emulated bacteria which
are harmful to the environments.
The bio-degradable wastes are crushed to form slurry inside the machine itself and
the slurry is further composted. Leachate generated from the fresh garbage along
with water is used in the process of making slurry and dipping garbage in the
water. In this way, it is ensured that leachate is reused and as a result, no leachate
goes out of the plant. This process is bundled to give a solution of foul odor in the
site and control of flies and other insects.
By-products:
The end products of eco-health center will be
a. Bio manure (From 3rd month onwards)-which will be produced
with the core module and
b. A range of Products from crushed plastic, which require optional
modules as given below:
16. A Proposal for MSW Management for MSW Vadavathur, Kottayam District
5.2 Optional Modules- Details:
5.2. a Plastic Film Crunching Module
This module is mandatory for processing the waste plastic from MSW. It is
used for size reduction of plastic bags separated from the MSW for further
processing like using them for re-in forcing the Cement & Bitumen tar for
laying roads.
5.2. b Solid Strip - Casting Module
This module is for converting the separated plastic in to Hard Bars in
appropriate size for industrial & domestic use as per the commercial
requirement.
5.2.c Tar- Mixing Module
This is to mix this plastic with Bitumen Tar for laying road and the
municipality/corporation can use as much as 30% of plastic (form the waste)
into the tar mix and it is experienced that it improves the life of the roads by
near to 80%.
5.2.d For Brick Making - Mixing Module
17. A Proposal for MSW Management for MSW Vadavathur, Kottayam District
Plastic Waste is used for making Mix for Bricks /Floor tiles/Fencing pole etc.
5.3 Euro standard Bio Reactor (Bio gas plant) – Dome type.
The organic slurry which comess out of the APSM module is fed in the dome
shaped biogasplant which has a heat exchanger unit (gas firing).
After composting, the out flowing slurry is sterilized at 90-1000C and heat is
exchanged to the system for maintaining system temperature at 60-700C.
Sub modules
1. Electricity generator
A set of generators for generating electricity using the biogas.
2. Solid manure module-
Here vibrator mesh is used for separating solid manure from outflow of slurry,
3. composting yard for rejected mass,
18. A Proposal for MSW Management for MSW Vadavathur, Kottayam District
4. Compost sieving machines etc.
5.4 STORAGE REGION.
This is a storage-area for the collected dry plastics, glass, metals, e waste etc. from
the collection source.
5.5 PRECAUTION DUMPING YARD.
A safely covered dumping yard to meet contingencies.
19. A Proposal for MSW Management for MSW Vadavathur, Kottayam District
6. PROCESS DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
The rough diagram of the system and the process layout gives an idea about the
process.
Diagram of proces
20. A Proposal for MSW Management for MSW Vadavathur, Kottayam District
6.1 Process Layout
21. A Proposal for MSW Management for MSW Vadavathur, Kottayam District
Bio Degradable slurry
collection point
The carrier vehicles dump the fresh garbage on the hydraulic tipper of the APSM module.
On rising, this slowly discharges the items towards the water pit. Meanwhile the waste
packets, if any, present in the garbage are cut by automatic cutting machine and the waste
fall scattered in to the water. The high density material will sink in water and those with
low density like plastic and organic substances will float. The elevator forklifts collect the
floating material at a rate 3 ton/ hr. these materials are sent to the APSM machine.
The plastic present is the feed will be separated and dropped in the water tank. The
organic matter is fed into a vibrator mesh where it is sieved and collected in a tank. It is
diluted, and the accepted slurry will be fed to the bioreactor.
It takes about 15-30 days for the bio reactor to produce biogas regularly.
22. A Proposal for MSW Management for MSW Vadavathur, Kottayam District
Once the APSM separate the plastic, the plastic if fed into shredding machine. The
Shredder cuts the plastic into near powder form. Plastic at this form is dried, packed and
sent out of the plant for making value added products.
The organic slurry from bio-reactor is drained to a tank and sterilized.
If there is any rejection of the organic slurry is there on the process control tank that can
be transferred to aerobic composting yard for producing compost.
6.2 Aerobic Compost Yard:
The aerobic compost yard is the open area where the fresh slurry is kept covered
for a period of 90 days so that the slurry turn into compost in aerobic manner. No
concentrated or emulated bacterial solution is added to the slurry so collected. This
ensures that the composting happens purely in natural way thus reducing the foul
order to the least.
7. INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENT:
Built up area for processing 30 TPD of garbage is estimated to be 4000sqmtr. The
flooring to be made of poly carbonated sheets/ rolling roofs. Flooring should be made
according to the specifications, which will be furnished later.
23. A Proposal for MSW Management for MSW Vadavathur, Kottayam District
8. Other factors to be taken in account while planning the project.
As the technology provider is not willing to sell off the technology and machinery, the
project will be realized only after signing a contract with the technology provides.
8.1 Suggested Solutions
1. Mutually acceptable contract may be made between the technology provider and
Ramky.
2. Proper awareness program should be given to the public
9. Financial and in fractural requirements
These financial and infrastructural requirements are calculated considering the
capacity to about 30 tons/ day.
The separate expenditure incurred for 10ton and expenditure for future 20 tone are
mentioned below.
9.1 Details of implementation cost for Kodungallur model aerobic
composting plant
Presently, 1620 sqmtr built up area is available to be used as composting yard in
the Kottayam MSW plant. This space is presently being used as windrow
platform. Rest of the built up area is largely occupied by the existing machineries
and hence cannot be used at this point.
24. A Proposal for MSW Management for MSW Vadavathur, Kottayam District
We propose building of additional 3000 sqmtr of building towards the west of the
existing built up area. Both the existing windrow platform as well as the new
building would be required to handle upto 35TPD of garbage.
Draft map of the proposed location:
North
landfill
South
Existing built up area- Windrow
platform
APSM Unit- 2 no.s
Proposed space for construction of
compost yard
25. A Proposal for MSW Management for MSW Vadavathur, Kottayam District
9.2 COST FOR STARTING OPERATION FOR 35 TPD
Total
amount in
Sl No. Particulars Unit Rate Rs.
1 New rolling roof building 3000 m2 4000 1,20,00,000
2 Roof change to rolling roof for existing building 1620 m2 1000 13,00,000
3 Changing of floor with proper inclination and strength 1620m2 650 11,00,000
4 Waste water collection RCC tank 6 no. 1,00,000
15 meter height RCC concrete structure for APS
5 Modules 2 no.s 150000 3.00,000
Total 1,48,00,000
9.3 COST FOR STARTING OPERATION WITH THE EXISTING BUILT-UP
AREA:
Total
amount in
Sl No. Particulars Unit Rate Rs.
1 Roof change to rolling roof for existing building 1620 m2 1000 13,00,000
2 Changing of floor with proper inclination and strength 1620m2 650 11,00,000
3 Waste water collection RCC tank 6 no. 1,00,000
15 meter height RCC concrete structure for APS
4 Modules 2 no.s 150000 3.00,000
26. A Proposal for MSW Management for MSW Vadavathur, Kottayam District
Total 28,00,000
Note: The said space ie.1620sqmt is sufficient to handle only 12 Tonne per day
10. REVENUE SHARING:
SITCO will bear the cost of APSM and other
The cost of operating the module is to be borne by REEL, and the same is to be
paid to STISCO.
All the by-products (Compost, Plastic rejects) will be the sole property of SITCO.
11. CONCLUSION:
APSM has been functioning successfully treating 3 TPD of mixed garbage in
Kodungallur municipality since last 3 years. Till now more than 2000 tons of
municipal garbage has been segregated and successfully treated by the machine. This
gives SITCO the confidence that it can handle 30-35 TPD of garbage with greater
efficiency and we feel honored that Ramky, the industry leader in solid waste
Management in India has invited us for a tie up. We are looking forward for a lasting
relationship with you.