This document discusses solid waste management practices in India. It provides an overview of waste generation rates in India from 2011 to 2041. It covers the key aspects of solid waste management - collection, segregation, transportation, treatment and disposal. Some best practices from cities in India and other countries are highlighted, including initiatives around waste reduction, recycling, composting, and converting waste to fuel. Newer technologies for waste processing like aerobic granular sludge are also discussed. The challenges around e-waste and liquid waste management are reviewed.

1. Dr Sridevi NH
MBBS, MD community medicine
Chikmagalur

2.  Introduction
 The best practices in India.
 Solid waste management.
 E waste
 Liquid waste management.
 Shivamogga city
 Summary.
 References

3. year Per capita waste generated in kg/day
2011 0.356
2021 0.406
2031 0.463
2041 0.529
 In Bengaluru in 2016 0.5 kg/day/per capita

6.  Collection/storage
 Segregation
 Transportation
 Treatment
 Disposal

8.  In India only 70% of waste is collected.
 Informally, ‘kabadi system’ and rag pickers.
 Door to door collection of wastes.
 Involving and training the informal collectors into
mainstream is one of the best initiative taken to
improve collection.

9.  Screening: Separation of waste stream according to size of
the waste particles.
 Ferrous metal separation: Ferrous metals can be separated
from the waste stream by using electro-magnets.
 Air classification
 Non-ferrous metal separation: The difference in the
electrical conductivity of the metal is utilized.
 Segregation at source is the best initiative

11.  Reduces the volume of waste and also prevents
over exploitation of natural resources.
 ‘Waste to Wealth’ an initiative by ITC
 Plastics
 can be converted to fuel using plasma pyrolysis
 used in construction of polymer blended bitumen
roads.
 Organic wastes -Composting

12.  In Baltimore USA
 The organization accepts all kinds of materials,
including plumbing fixtures ,doors, cabinets, windows,
moldings, and any thing reusable in home building
industry.
 Donors are contractors, manufacturers, distributors,
and individual house owners.
 National excellence award.

13.  Four big producers of soft drinks grouped themselves
to form Mauritius bottlers association.
 Kept special dust bins at different locations.
 Then in 2005 the bottlers association made a contract
with polypet recyclers.
 This company buys at 7rs per kg.
 The bottle plastic was converted into pellets for export
to south Africa.

16.  Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF).
 extraction of landfill gas
 Biomethanation plants

17.  Around 4 to 8 tons of plastics are processed into
1000litres of oil by each Reactors in 24 hours .
• 55-60% of plastic weight is converted to oil
• 5-10% - carbonaceous matter
• 5-10% - into wax
• 5-10% - into fuel gas
 The liquid fuel is mixed with
diesel(50:50) and used in trucks.

18. In Bengaluru There are 16 such plants, 4 are
functioning regularly and the biogas produced is
used for street lights
Biomethanation plants

19.  Scientifically engineered landfill/Sanitary landfill
 One that meets pollution control standards
including air quality and ground water quality.
 Weighing bridge.
 Leachate collection and treatment facility.
 Compound wall around the landfill site.

28.  Travels to different parts of the city.
 Checks for licenses in various establishment and
fines the establishment if they dispose waste
inappropriately.

31.  Bulk generators which includes domestic generators
like apartments or complexes with more than 50 units.
 Institutions and commercial bulk generators who
produce more than 10 kgs of municipal waste per day.
 Directed to segregate waste and manage it in situ or
to utilize the services of BBMP empanelled service
providers.
 Organic waste converter unit can be installed.

33.  It is a new and growing problem associated with
advancement in technology which renders older
electronic equipment obsolete.
 Valuable elements gold, copper and lead which
can be reused.
 Avoids release of hazardous materials to the
environment.

34.  India's first govt authorized e-waste recycler.
 Started in Bengaluru in 2005.
 Objective to create an opportunity to transfer waste into
beneficial raw materials like valuable metals , plastics, and glass
using simple, cost effective, environment friendly technologies
suitable for Indian conditions.
 “CRYSTAL PROJECT” to purchase Printed Circuit Board and
export to minimize the hazardous processes and maximize
resource recovery.
Approved by both the central and state pollution control boards.

37.  Sewage :- Is waste water from community,
containing solid and liquid excreta, derived from
houses, street and yard washings, factories and
industries.
 Sullage :- waste water which does not contain
human excreta.

39.  Sewage Treatment plants are used to treat
sewage generated
 In India, different treatment technologies like ASP,
Oxidation pond and advanced technologies like
SBR, MBR are adopted for the treatment of
sewage.

41. Activated
Carbon Filter

43.  Assured availability of water for various secondary
uses
 Enormous savings in fresh water costs
 Lesser Environmental Degradation
 Improved public Health

44.  One of the most critical aspects of the activated
sludge process has always been the separation
of biomass and treated water.
 Delft University of Technology (DUT) along with
Royal Haskoning DHV, a Dutch E+C company.

45.  It is the modification of activated sludge process
 Invented by Mark van loose drecht in Netherlands
 It is based on aerobic granular sludge technology.
 Requires less chemicals and energy.
 Being used in UK, Switzerland, Sweden, Portugal,
Ireland, brazil, Australia
 Aerobic granules are defined as “aggregates of microbial
origin, which do not coagulate under reduced
hydrodynamic shear, and which subsequently settle
significantly faster than activated sludge flocs

46. Aerobic Granular Sludge (left) vs. Conventional
Activated Sludge (right)

47. Cost-effective
• Compact and uncomplicated tank design
• Less mechanical equipment
• No separate clarifiers needed
Easy to operate
• Fully automated plant operation possible
Sustainable
• High effluent purity and efficient nutrient removal
• No or minimal use of chemicals
• Significantly lower energy consumption

48.  Launched in 2015.
 The Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban
Transformation.
 Aim to ensure that every household has access to
tap water and sewerage
 Promoting greenery and well maintained open
spaces
 Reduce pollution by promoting non-motorized and
public transport.

50.  Cities must be open defecation free
 Must eliminate the practice of manual scavenging and
provide adequate personnel protection equipment that
addresses the safety of sanitation workers.
 Municipal wastewater and storm water drainage must
be safely managed.
 Recycle and reuse of treated wastewater for non-
potable applications should be implemented wherever
possible.
 Solid Waste collected and disposed off fully and
safely.
 Services to the Poor and Systems for Sustaining
Results.
 Improved Public Health Outcomes and Environmental
Standards.

51.  50 containers are placed at market & other locations for
collection of waste.
 Total generated waste is 223.3 TPD of which 140 TPD is
collected.
 Processing facility is located at Anupinakatte
7 kms from the city.
The tipping fee paid by the ULB is Rs. 224/ton of inert
waste

52. Around 140
TPD is
collected.
90.45 TPD is
treated at site
52.06 TPD
landfill
7 TPD
manure is
produced
1TPD
recycled

53.  There is no regular cleaning of septic tanks.
 STP is non-functional – waste water gets
transported through drains into the river without
any treatment

55.  The total sewage from Zones A, B, C and D is expected
to be 40.71 MLD. Of this, 5.13 MLD is proposed to be
treated by the existing STP.
 The remaining 35.5 MLD is proposed to be treated from
a STP near Thyavare Chatnahally.
 The 3rd STP is proposed near Gurpura with a capacity
of 4.07 MLD for Zone E.
 The scheme is designed for the ultimate population
expected in 2036.

56.  Rapidly growing population, along with increasing
waste production calls for adopting newer,
innovative technologies in waste management.
Best methods that are being followed in other
countries have to be studied and applied in our
country.

58. 1. The STP guide – design, operation and maintenance, (kspcb)
2. Industrial and urban waste management in India. new Delhi: the
energy and resources institute.
3. City sanitation plan Shimoga, administrative staff college of India,
Hyderabad
4. Compendium of good practices, solid waste management in
Indian cities.
5. Compendium of global good practices, solid waste management.
6. Swachh Survekshan 2017- brochure
7. Landfill gas recovery and its utilization in India: Current status,
potential prospects and policy implications Faisal Zia Siddiqui*
and Mohd Emran Khan.
8. kasa vilavaari sevadararu list by bbmp.
9. BBMP notification of 25/07/2013,regarding waste management by
Bulk Generators.
10. Naveen BP, Sivapullaiah PV (2016) Solid Waste Management in
Bengaluru-Current Scenario and Future Challenges. Innov Ener
Res 5: 139