This ppt involves role of cobalt, iron, magnesium, zinc and chromium in multivitamins I made this ppt during my second semesterfor GE: chemistry and got full marks in presentation.

1. Role Of Various Metals In
Multivitamin Tabelets
By Uniba Khanam
Roll no. 22/1510

2. What are Multivitamins?
A dietary supplement containing all or most of the vitamins that may not be readily available in
the diet.
Vitamins may be classified according to their solubility either in lipids (vitamins A, D, E, K, F) or
in water (vitamins C, B-complex).
Present in minute amounts in various foods, vitamins are essential to maintaining normal
metabolism and biochemical functions.

3. Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12)
• Common name : Vitamin B12
• A highly complex essential vitamin containing mineral, Cobalt.
• Vitamin B12 is necessary for DNA synthesis & Cellular energy production.
Its deficiency can lead to pernicious anemia.
• When administered parenterally, it bypasses intestinal barrier, diffuse & enter
in systematic circulation.
• Then cobalamine binds with transporter protein transcobalamin II & enters
into tissue with the receptor of transcobalamin II.
• Serve as co factor for methionine synthesis & methyl-malonyl- CoA
mutase enzyme.
• It’s estimated that body only absorbs 10 mcg of a 500-mcg B12 supplement.
• RDI for people over 14 is 2.4 mcg & above 50 years is 25 to 100 mcg.

4. Ferrous Fumarate
• It is fumarate salt form of iron.
• Iron is essential in making haemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells.
These red blood cells help carry oxygen throughout your body.
• Iron-deficiency can lead to decreased production of haemoglobin and a
microcytic, hypochromic anaemia.
• Hence Ferrous Fumarate is a haematinic agent used to treat and prevent
anaemia & iron deficiency.
• Its administration lead to elevation of serum Fe concentration which is then
assimilated into Haemoglobin.
• Over dosage can cause vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, abdominal
pain.
• The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for adults 19-50 years is 8
mg daily for men, 18 mg for women, 27 mg for pregnancy, and 9 mg
for lactation.

5. Magnesium Oxide
• Mg is essential in over 300 enzyme reactions in human body. Helps in
muscle & nerve functioning, regulating blood pressure & supporting
immune system.
• MgO is used as antacid to relieve heart burn, sour stomach, acid
indigestion & as laxative, rapid emptying of bowel (eg.before surgery).
• MgO converts into MgCl2 in stomach’s acidic medium, then converts into
Mg(HCO3)2 by NaHCO3 from pancreatic secretions in duodenum, then
becomes MgCO3.
• Magnesium carbonate & Bicarbonate increase osmotic pressure of
intestinal lumen fluids, this lead to increase in water content & exert it’s
effect as salt laxative.
• Over dosage can cause Hypermagnesemia.
• MgO dosing generally ranges from 250–1,000 mg per day depending on
what it’s being used to treat.

6. Zinc Sulfate
• Zinc is a cofactor for over 70 enzymes & facilitates wound
healing, maintain normal growth rates, normal skin
hydration and the senses of taste and smell.
• Zinc deficiency can cause skin lesions, poor appetite, growth
retardation & loss of body hair.
• Zinc can treat acute and chronic diarrhea by inhibiting 3 out of 4
intracellular pathways of intestinal ion secretion, including
cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), calcium, and
nitric oxide.
• Zinc dosage greater than 40mg can decrease Cu absorption
by the body.
• The recommended daily dosage is 15–30 mg of elemental zinc.

7. Chromium Trichloride
• Cr is an essential trace mineral, having two forms: trivalent chromium, which is
safe for humans, and hexavalent chromium, which is a toxin.
• Cr might play a role in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism by
potentiating insulin action.
• Cr binds to an oligopeptide to form chromodulin, chromium-binding
substance that binds & activates the insulin receptor to promote insulin
action.
• In the blood, most Cr is bound to plasma proteins, particularly transferrin, and only
about 5% is unbound & accumulates mainly in the liver, spleen, soft tissue, and
bone.
• High dosage can lead to stomach upset, headaches, insomnia, including liver
or kidney damage.
• It’s recommended that males 19-50 years old consume 35 mcg daily, and those 51
years and older consume 30 mcg daily. For females, it’s recommended that those
19-50 years old consume 25 mcg daily, and those 51 years and older consume 20
mcg daily.

8. THANK YOU