Mucocele and ranula are lesions caused by the extravasation of mucus from salivary glands into surrounding tissues. Mucoceles are commonly caused by trauma that severs or obstructs salivary ducts, allowing mucus to pool in surrounding tissues. Ranulas specifically occur on the floor of the mouth associated with sublingual or submandibular gland ducts. Histologically, they consist of mucus-filled cavities surrounded by granulation tissue and inflammatory cells. Treatment involves complete surgical excision to prevent recurrence.
This document discusses Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG), also known as trench mouth. It defines NUG as a microbial disease of the gingiva caused by an impaired host response. Key clinical features include necrosis of gingival tissue and pain. Diagnosis is based on these clinical findings and microscopic examination. Management involves reducing the microbial load, removing necrotic tissue, treating any systemic conditions, and supportive periodontal therapy. Prognosis is generally good with treatment but recurrence is possible without ongoing maintenance of oral hygiene.
A cyst is an epithelium-lined sac containing fluid or semisolid material. In the formation of a cyst, the epithelial cells first proliferate and later undergo degeneration and liquefaction. The liquefied material exerts equal pressure on the walls of the cyst from within. Cysts grow by expansion and thus displace the adjacent teeth by pressure. May can produce expansion of the cortical bone. On a radiograph, the radiolucency of a cyst is usually bordered by a radiopaque periphery of dense sclerotic bone. The radiolucency may be unilocular or multilocular. Odontogenic cysts are those which arise from the epithelium associated with the development of teeth. The source of epithelium is from the enamel organ, the reduced enamel epithelium, the cell rests of Malassez or the remnants of the dental lamina.
This document discusses different types of pulpitis and periapical inflammation. It defines pulpitis as inflammation of the dental pulp that can be acute or chronic. Acute pulpitis is further divided into reversible and irreversible types based on whether the inflammation is localized or involves the entire pulp. Chronic pulpitis can be closed or open (hyperplastic). Periapical inflammation ranges from granulomas and cysts to abscesses. Diagnosis involves x-rays and pulp testing to evaluate the pulp chamber and periapical region. Treatment depends on the specific condition but may include removal of irritants, root canals, drainage or extraction.
Calculus forms in layers on teeth through the mineralization of dental plaque. It consists of inorganic minerals like hydroxyapatite and organic components from bacteria and saliva. Factors like diet, age, habits, and saliva composition can affect the rate of calculus formation. Calculus is classified as supragingival or subgingival based on its location relative to the gingiva. Both types consist of calcium phosphate crystals embedded in an organic matrix but subgingival calculus has a higher mineral content. Calculus formation occurs through the precipitation and accumulation of minerals within the matrix over time.
This document provides information on oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), including its definition, history, pathogenesis, clinical features, and staging classifications. OSMF is a chronic disease affecting the oral cavity and sometimes pharynx, characterized by juxtaepithelial inflammatory reaction and fibrosis of the lamina propria. Chewing betel quid and areca nut releases alkaloids and tannins that cause irritation and inflammation, activating fibroblasts and increasing production and cross-linking of collagen over time, resulting in stiffness and inability to open the mouth. OSMF is considered a precancerous condition due to its association with oral cancer. Staging systems describe progression from initial symptoms to trismus and possible malignancy
This document discusses the clinical features of gingivitis. It begins by defining gingivitis as inflammation of the gingiva and describes how plaque bacteria can damage gingival tissues. It then covers the different types of gingivitis based on duration and distribution. Key signs of gingivitis that are discussed include gingival bleeding, color changes, changes in consistency, size, surface texture, position and contour. Specific conditions like gingival recession are also explained in terms of definition, classification, etiology and clinical significance.
Mucocele and ranula are lesions caused by the extravasation of mucus from salivary glands into surrounding tissues. Mucoceles are commonly caused by trauma that severs or obstructs salivary ducts, allowing mucus to pool in surrounding tissues. Ranulas specifically occur on the floor of the mouth associated with sublingual or submandibular gland ducts. Histologically, they consist of mucus-filled cavities surrounded by granulation tissue and inflammatory cells. Treatment involves complete surgical excision to prevent recurrence.
This document discusses Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG), also known as trench mouth. It defines NUG as a microbial disease of the gingiva caused by an impaired host response. Key clinical features include necrosis of gingival tissue and pain. Diagnosis is based on these clinical findings and microscopic examination. Management involves reducing the microbial load, removing necrotic tissue, treating any systemic conditions, and supportive periodontal therapy. Prognosis is generally good with treatment but recurrence is possible without ongoing maintenance of oral hygiene.
A cyst is an epithelium-lined sac containing fluid or semisolid material. In the formation of a cyst, the epithelial cells first proliferate and later undergo degeneration and liquefaction. The liquefied material exerts equal pressure on the walls of the cyst from within. Cysts grow by expansion and thus displace the adjacent teeth by pressure. May can produce expansion of the cortical bone. On a radiograph, the radiolucency of a cyst is usually bordered by a radiopaque periphery of dense sclerotic bone. The radiolucency may be unilocular or multilocular. Odontogenic cysts are those which arise from the epithelium associated with the development of teeth. The source of epithelium is from the enamel organ, the reduced enamel epithelium, the cell rests of Malassez or the remnants of the dental lamina.
This document discusses different types of pulpitis and periapical inflammation. It defines pulpitis as inflammation of the dental pulp that can be acute or chronic. Acute pulpitis is further divided into reversible and irreversible types based on whether the inflammation is localized or involves the entire pulp. Chronic pulpitis can be closed or open (hyperplastic). Periapical inflammation ranges from granulomas and cysts to abscesses. Diagnosis involves x-rays and pulp testing to evaluate the pulp chamber and periapical region. Treatment depends on the specific condition but may include removal of irritants, root canals, drainage or extraction.
Calculus forms in layers on teeth through the mineralization of dental plaque. It consists of inorganic minerals like hydroxyapatite and organic components from bacteria and saliva. Factors like diet, age, habits, and saliva composition can affect the rate of calculus formation. Calculus is classified as supragingival or subgingival based on its location relative to the gingiva. Both types consist of calcium phosphate crystals embedded in an organic matrix but subgingival calculus has a higher mineral content. Calculus formation occurs through the precipitation and accumulation of minerals within the matrix over time.
This document provides information on oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), including its definition, history, pathogenesis, clinical features, and staging classifications. OSMF is a chronic disease affecting the oral cavity and sometimes pharynx, characterized by juxtaepithelial inflammatory reaction and fibrosis of the lamina propria. Chewing betel quid and areca nut releases alkaloids and tannins that cause irritation and inflammation, activating fibroblasts and increasing production and cross-linking of collagen over time, resulting in stiffness and inability to open the mouth. OSMF is considered a precancerous condition due to its association with oral cancer. Staging systems describe progression from initial symptoms to trismus and possible malignancy
This document discusses the clinical features of gingivitis. It begins by defining gingivitis as inflammation of the gingiva and describes how plaque bacteria can damage gingival tissues. It then covers the different types of gingivitis based on duration and distribution. Key signs of gingivitis that are discussed include gingival bleeding, color changes, changes in consistency, size, surface texture, position and contour. Specific conditions like gingival recession are also explained in terms of definition, classification, etiology and clinical significance.
This document discusses odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), a type of jaw cyst. It covers the classification, causes, histopathology, clinical features, radiographic features, differential diagnosis, treatment principles, and surgical treatment options for OKCs. OKCs most commonly occur in the mandibular molar and ramus areas and are often radiolucent and multilocular in appearance on radiographs. Treatment options include wide surgical excision or marsupialization to prevent recurrence of these cysts which have a high rate of recurrence compared to other jaw cysts.
This document provides an overview of pulp and periapical pathologies. It begins by defining the dental pulp and pulpitis. It then covers causes of pulp disease including physical, chemical, and bacterial factors. It classifies pulp disease and discusses factors affecting the pulp response. It details the pathways of bacterial invasion of the pulp and describes different types of reversible and irreversible pulpitis. It also discusses chronic hyperplastic pulpitis, gangrenous necrosis of the pulp, and diseases of the periapical tissues like acute and chronic apical periodontitis and periapical abscess.
This document discusses dentigerous cysts. It defines a dentigerous cyst as a cyst that forms around the crown of an unerupted tooth due to fluid accumulation between the reduced enamel epithelium and enamel surface. Dentigerous cysts most commonly occur in males in the first three decades of life in the mandibular third molar and maxillary canine regions. Clinical features include swelling and expansion of bone that may cause facial asymmetry. Treatment options include enucleation, marsupialization, or a combination of the two to remove the cyst lining while preserving adjacent structures.
Pericoronitis refers to inflammation around the crown of an unerupted tooth. It most commonly occurs with the mandibular third molar and can be acute, subacute, or chronic. Acute pericoronitis presents as a red, swollen, painful lesion that may cause fever and lymphadenitis. Treatment involves antibiotics and flushing the area for mild cases or flap removal for persistent symptoms to prevent recurrence. The decision to retain or extract the tooth depends on its stage of eruption, position, and likelihood of further eruption without complications.
Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is the cyst arising from the cell rests of dental lamina. It can occur anywhere in the jaw, but commonly seen in the posterior part of the mandible. Radiographically, most OKCs are unilocular when presented at the periapex and can be mistaken for radicular or lateral periodontal cyst.
This document describes primary herpes simplex infection, commonly known as cold sores. It is usually caused by HSV-1 and presents with fever, headache, malaise and painful sores in the mouth. Lesions start as vesicles that rupture, leaving shallow ulcers that heal within 10-14 days. Diagnosis is made through clinical examination, with viral culture and biopsy used for confirmation. Treatment focuses on pain relief and short term use of antivirals or steroids to reduce symptoms.
Mandibular Anesthesia : Inferior alveolar nerve blockد.عبد الله الناصر
This document provides information on the inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) dental anesthesia technique. It summarizes that the IANB anesthetizes the inferior alveolar nerve and its branches, anesthetizing the mandibular teeth and surrounding soft tissues. The technique involves locating the coronoid notch and pterygomandibular raphe landmarks and inserting the needle at the intersection of lines based on these landmarks, advancing the needle until bone contact is made at a depth of 20-25mm. Proper administration results in numbness of the lower lip and tongue, indicating successful anesthesia of the mental and lingual nerves. Precautions include avoiding deposition without bone contact to prevent facial nerve injury.
This document discusses various hereditary and reactive white lesions of the oral cavity. It describes conditions like leukoedema, white sponge nevus, and hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis. It also covers reactive lesions including linea alba, frictional keratosis, and actinic keratosis. Infectious lesions covered include oral hairy leukoplakia and different forms of oral candidiasis. Treatment typically involves removing any irritants for reactive lesions or using antifungal medications for infections. Biopsies are recommended for lesions that do not resolve after treatment.
Cysts in orofacial regions were discussed. Key points include:
1. Cysts are pathological cavities lined by epithelium and filled with fluid/semi-solid material. Common types are odontogenic cysts like dentigerous and keratocysts.
2. Dentigerous cysts form between reduced enamel epithelium and tooth crown, associated with unerupted teeth. Keratocysts have high recurrence rates due to thin fragile lining.
3. Treatment options are marsupialization to shrink large cysts, and enucleation to remove the cyst lining along with the associated tooth/teeth.
This document discusses cysts of the oral and maxillofacial region. It defines true cysts as pathological cavities lined by epithelium and containing fluid, and pseudo cysts as cavities not lined by epithelium that may contain fluid. Cysts are classified based on their origin (odontogenic vs non-odontogenic) and location. Diagnosis involves history, clinical examination, radiographic evaluation and sometimes aspiration biopsy or surgical biopsy. Treatment options include enucleation, marsupialization, or a combination depending on the cyst size and location.
This document discusses osteomyelitis, including its pathogenesis and management. It defines osteomyelitis as an infection of the bone marrow and describes how local and systemic predisposing factors can lead to decreased bone vitality and impaired host defense. The main types of osteomyelitis covered are suppurative, focal sclerosing, diffuse sclerosing, and proliferative perositis. For each type, the document discusses pathogenesis, clinical features, histology, radiology, and management. Key points include how acute suppurative osteomyelitis can progress to chronic form if inadequately treated, and how eliminating infection sources is important but bone changes may persist radiographically for some types.
1) Ameloblastoma is a benign, locally invasive odontogenic tumor of enamel organ-type tissue that is the second most common odontogenic tumor.
2) It typically presents as a painless swelling in the mandible and is classified based on histological and clinical features into subtypes including follicular, plexiform, unicystic, and peripheral ameloblastoma.
3) Treatment involves surgical resection such as segmental resection for large tumors due to the high recurrence risk with more conservative treatments like curettage or enucleation.
This document discusses odontomas, which are benign odontogenic tumors composed of dental tissue like enamel, dentin, and pulp. There are two main types: compound odontomas, which appear like small tooth structures, and complex odontomas, which have a disorganized appearance. Odontomas are usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on x-rays during dental exams. On x-rays, they appear as radiopaque masses surrounded by a radiolucent rim. Treatment involves simple surgical removal, with an excellent prognosis and no recurrence.
This document discusses red and white lesions of the oral cavity, focusing on oral candidiasis. It describes the various types of oral candidiasis including pseudomembranous, erythematous, chronic plaque-type, and median rhomboid glossitis. Predisposing factors, clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment with antifungal medications or surgery, and prognosis are summarized for each type. Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis may require long-term antifungal therapy or surgery due to risk of recurrence. Overall prognosis is generally good if predisposing factors can be addressed.
Maxillary sinus diseases are presented by Dr. Vishal Modha. The maxillary sinus is the largest paranasal sinus located within the maxilla bone. It develops embryologically from the lateral nasal wall and grows postnatally. The maxillary sinus anatomy includes thin bony walls that are vulnerable to trauma and contain important structures. Mucociliary drainage flows from the maxillary sinus ostium to the nasal cavity. Common maxillary sinus diseases include acute or chronic sinusitis, which can result from dental infections, trauma, or nasal obstruction and cause symptoms like facial pain and nasal congestion. Radiographs and CT scans may reveal mucosal thickening or opacification in sinusitis. Treatment involves antibiotics,
This document discusses the spread of oral infections. It begins by defining infection and explaining how the balance between host, organism, and environment determines whether disease occurs. It then describes various ways infections can originate and spread from dental sources, such as through root canals or periodontal tissues. Specific conditions that can result from spread are discussed like cellulitis, osteomyelitis, and ludwig's angina. The routes of spread via lymphatic, blood, or direct tissue routes are also covered. Finally, it examines the anatomy of various facial spaces and how infections may disseminate between these spaces.
This document discusses oroantral communications and fistulas. It defines them as abnormal connections between the oral and maxillary sinus cavities. Causes include tooth extraction, tumors, cysts, and trauma. Signs and symptoms may include unpleasant taste/odor, fluid/food reflux into the nose, and air leakage. Examination involves inspection, suctioning the socket, and radiographs. Management includes immediate closure attempts and antibiotics to prevent sinusitis. Surgical techniques like buccal and palatal flaps are used for larger defects or fistulas based on factors like location, size, and presence of infection.
learn about salivary glands lesions in oral cavity. summary of each lesion in flash cards. mucocele can have to represenation depending on the situation. can be extravasation or retention
This presentation will will give you the idea of a dermatological disoders with clinicopathological features.
A vesiculobullous disease is a type of mucocutaneous disease characterized by vesicles and bullae (i.e. blisters).
This document discusses odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), a type of jaw cyst. It covers the classification, causes, histopathology, clinical features, radiographic features, differential diagnosis, treatment principles, and surgical treatment options for OKCs. OKCs most commonly occur in the mandibular molar and ramus areas and are often radiolucent and multilocular in appearance on radiographs. Treatment options include wide surgical excision or marsupialization to prevent recurrence of these cysts which have a high rate of recurrence compared to other jaw cysts.
This document provides an overview of pulp and periapical pathologies. It begins by defining the dental pulp and pulpitis. It then covers causes of pulp disease including physical, chemical, and bacterial factors. It classifies pulp disease and discusses factors affecting the pulp response. It details the pathways of bacterial invasion of the pulp and describes different types of reversible and irreversible pulpitis. It also discusses chronic hyperplastic pulpitis, gangrenous necrosis of the pulp, and diseases of the periapical tissues like acute and chronic apical periodontitis and periapical abscess.
This document discusses dentigerous cysts. It defines a dentigerous cyst as a cyst that forms around the crown of an unerupted tooth due to fluid accumulation between the reduced enamel epithelium and enamel surface. Dentigerous cysts most commonly occur in males in the first three decades of life in the mandibular third molar and maxillary canine regions. Clinical features include swelling and expansion of bone that may cause facial asymmetry. Treatment options include enucleation, marsupialization, or a combination of the two to remove the cyst lining while preserving adjacent structures.
Pericoronitis refers to inflammation around the crown of an unerupted tooth. It most commonly occurs with the mandibular third molar and can be acute, subacute, or chronic. Acute pericoronitis presents as a red, swollen, painful lesion that may cause fever and lymphadenitis. Treatment involves antibiotics and flushing the area for mild cases or flap removal for persistent symptoms to prevent recurrence. The decision to retain or extract the tooth depends on its stage of eruption, position, and likelihood of further eruption without complications.
Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is the cyst arising from the cell rests of dental lamina. It can occur anywhere in the jaw, but commonly seen in the posterior part of the mandible. Radiographically, most OKCs are unilocular when presented at the periapex and can be mistaken for radicular or lateral periodontal cyst.
This document describes primary herpes simplex infection, commonly known as cold sores. It is usually caused by HSV-1 and presents with fever, headache, malaise and painful sores in the mouth. Lesions start as vesicles that rupture, leaving shallow ulcers that heal within 10-14 days. Diagnosis is made through clinical examination, with viral culture and biopsy used for confirmation. Treatment focuses on pain relief and short term use of antivirals or steroids to reduce symptoms.
Mandibular Anesthesia : Inferior alveolar nerve blockد.عبد الله الناصر
This document provides information on the inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) dental anesthesia technique. It summarizes that the IANB anesthetizes the inferior alveolar nerve and its branches, anesthetizing the mandibular teeth and surrounding soft tissues. The technique involves locating the coronoid notch and pterygomandibular raphe landmarks and inserting the needle at the intersection of lines based on these landmarks, advancing the needle until bone contact is made at a depth of 20-25mm. Proper administration results in numbness of the lower lip and tongue, indicating successful anesthesia of the mental and lingual nerves. Precautions include avoiding deposition without bone contact to prevent facial nerve injury.
This document discusses various hereditary and reactive white lesions of the oral cavity. It describes conditions like leukoedema, white sponge nevus, and hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis. It also covers reactive lesions including linea alba, frictional keratosis, and actinic keratosis. Infectious lesions covered include oral hairy leukoplakia and different forms of oral candidiasis. Treatment typically involves removing any irritants for reactive lesions or using antifungal medications for infections. Biopsies are recommended for lesions that do not resolve after treatment.
Cysts in orofacial regions were discussed. Key points include:
1. Cysts are pathological cavities lined by epithelium and filled with fluid/semi-solid material. Common types are odontogenic cysts like dentigerous and keratocysts.
2. Dentigerous cysts form between reduced enamel epithelium and tooth crown, associated with unerupted teeth. Keratocysts have high recurrence rates due to thin fragile lining.
3. Treatment options are marsupialization to shrink large cysts, and enucleation to remove the cyst lining along with the associated tooth/teeth.
This document discusses cysts of the oral and maxillofacial region. It defines true cysts as pathological cavities lined by epithelium and containing fluid, and pseudo cysts as cavities not lined by epithelium that may contain fluid. Cysts are classified based on their origin (odontogenic vs non-odontogenic) and location. Diagnosis involves history, clinical examination, radiographic evaluation and sometimes aspiration biopsy or surgical biopsy. Treatment options include enucleation, marsupialization, or a combination depending on the cyst size and location.
This document discusses osteomyelitis, including its pathogenesis and management. It defines osteomyelitis as an infection of the bone marrow and describes how local and systemic predisposing factors can lead to decreased bone vitality and impaired host defense. The main types of osteomyelitis covered are suppurative, focal sclerosing, diffuse sclerosing, and proliferative perositis. For each type, the document discusses pathogenesis, clinical features, histology, radiology, and management. Key points include how acute suppurative osteomyelitis can progress to chronic form if inadequately treated, and how eliminating infection sources is important but bone changes may persist radiographically for some types.
1) Ameloblastoma is a benign, locally invasive odontogenic tumor of enamel organ-type tissue that is the second most common odontogenic tumor.
2) It typically presents as a painless swelling in the mandible and is classified based on histological and clinical features into subtypes including follicular, plexiform, unicystic, and peripheral ameloblastoma.
3) Treatment involves surgical resection such as segmental resection for large tumors due to the high recurrence risk with more conservative treatments like curettage or enucleation.
This document discusses odontomas, which are benign odontogenic tumors composed of dental tissue like enamel, dentin, and pulp. There are two main types: compound odontomas, which appear like small tooth structures, and complex odontomas, which have a disorganized appearance. Odontomas are usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on x-rays during dental exams. On x-rays, they appear as radiopaque masses surrounded by a radiolucent rim. Treatment involves simple surgical removal, with an excellent prognosis and no recurrence.
This document discusses red and white lesions of the oral cavity, focusing on oral candidiasis. It describes the various types of oral candidiasis including pseudomembranous, erythematous, chronic plaque-type, and median rhomboid glossitis. Predisposing factors, clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment with antifungal medications or surgery, and prognosis are summarized for each type. Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis may require long-term antifungal therapy or surgery due to risk of recurrence. Overall prognosis is generally good if predisposing factors can be addressed.
Maxillary sinus diseases are presented by Dr. Vishal Modha. The maxillary sinus is the largest paranasal sinus located within the maxilla bone. It develops embryologically from the lateral nasal wall and grows postnatally. The maxillary sinus anatomy includes thin bony walls that are vulnerable to trauma and contain important structures. Mucociliary drainage flows from the maxillary sinus ostium to the nasal cavity. Common maxillary sinus diseases include acute or chronic sinusitis, which can result from dental infections, trauma, or nasal obstruction and cause symptoms like facial pain and nasal congestion. Radiographs and CT scans may reveal mucosal thickening or opacification in sinusitis. Treatment involves antibiotics,
This document discusses the spread of oral infections. It begins by defining infection and explaining how the balance between host, organism, and environment determines whether disease occurs. It then describes various ways infections can originate and spread from dental sources, such as through root canals or periodontal tissues. Specific conditions that can result from spread are discussed like cellulitis, osteomyelitis, and ludwig's angina. The routes of spread via lymphatic, blood, or direct tissue routes are also covered. Finally, it examines the anatomy of various facial spaces and how infections may disseminate between these spaces.
This document discusses oroantral communications and fistulas. It defines them as abnormal connections between the oral and maxillary sinus cavities. Causes include tooth extraction, tumors, cysts, and trauma. Signs and symptoms may include unpleasant taste/odor, fluid/food reflux into the nose, and air leakage. Examination involves inspection, suctioning the socket, and radiographs. Management includes immediate closure attempts and antibiotics to prevent sinusitis. Surgical techniques like buccal and palatal flaps are used for larger defects or fistulas based on factors like location, size, and presence of infection.
learn about salivary glands lesions in oral cavity. summary of each lesion in flash cards. mucocele can have to represenation depending on the situation. can be extravasation or retention
This presentation will will give you the idea of a dermatological disoders with clinicopathological features.
A vesiculobullous disease is a type of mucocutaneous disease characterized by vesicles and bullae (i.e. blisters).
Granulomatous diseases of the nose can be caused by various conditions that result in chronic inflammation in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses characterized by granuloma formation. Common causes include infections, inflammatory disorders, neoplasms, and autoimmune diseases. Evaluation of these patients requires careful examination to identify signs of systemic involvement. Biopsy is often needed to ascertain the specific cause and guide treatment, which may involve medications, surgery, or a combination. Granulomatous nasal diseases can cause significant destruction if not properly diagnosed and managed.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Salivary Gland Diseases - A Summary.pptxssusere4339d
Diseases, infections, cysts, benign and malignant tumors of the salivary glands. All categorised and summarised with most important points: location, description, signs and symptoms, causative agents, risk factors, metastasis potential and recurrence potential.
This document describes a case study of a 4-year-old girl who presented with a recurrent mucocele (fluid-filled cyst) on her lower lip that was caused by incorrect use of a pacifier. Examination revealed a 10x10mm fluid-filled nodule on the lower lip and a cross-bite related to improper pacifier use. The mucocele was surgically excised and histological examination confirmed it was a mucus retention cyst. Improper pacifier use can lead to oral pathologies like mucoceles by causing repeated trauma in one area of the mouth.
1) Chronic otitis media (COM) refers to permanent abnormalities of the eardrum or middle ear bones caused by previous ear infections. It is classified into several subtypes based on symptoms and examination findings.
2) Inactive mucosal COM involves a dry perforation of the eardrum, while active mucosal COM shows inflammation and discharge through a perforation. Inactive squamous COM includes retraction pockets without debris, while active squamous COM features cholesteatoma with retained skin and potential to destroy local bones.
3) Complications of COM can arise from the spread of infection through direct bone erosion, preformed pathways, or blood vessels. This may lead to labyrinth
Cysts &tumors of salivary glands /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document discusses various yellow lesions that may occur in the oral cavity. It begins by introducing common yellow lesions such as Fordyce's granules, fibrin clots, and superficial abscesses. It then provides more detailed descriptions of each lesion, including their characteristic features, differential diagnoses, and typical management approaches. The document examines lesions such as yellow hairy tongue, acute lymphonodular pharyngitis, lipoma, lymphoepithelial cyst, epidermoid/dermoid cysts, pyostomatitis vegetans, and jaundice. For each lesion, the document outlines clinical presentation, histological features, distinguishing factors from other conditions, and treatment options.
Mucocoeles are sacs filled with mucus that form within the paranasal sinuses. They most commonly occur in the fronto-ethmoidal region due to the complex drainage system. Mucocoeles are thought to arise from obstruction and inflammation that causes cystic degeneration or bone resorption. Clinically, mucocoeles can cause orbital or facial swelling as well as vision issues depending on their location. CT scanning is used to diagnose mucocoeles and rule out other potential causes. Treatment typically involves endoscopic drainage and marsupialization, though an external approach may be needed for large or recurrent mucocoeles.
Oral and maxillofacial surgery lec. 11 4th years.Fátímá Aláá
This document discusses several types of soft tissue swellings of the oral mucosa, including mucoceles, ranulas, and mumps. Mucoceles are cysts that form from damage to minor salivary gland ducts, appearing as fleshy or bluish swellings less than 1 cm. Ranulas are uncommon salivary cysts arising from sublingual or submandibular glands, measuring 2-3 cm. Mumps causes painful parotid swelling due to the mumps virus, commonly affecting children. Other conditions discussed include median rhomboid glossitis, osteoma, and torus palatinus.
This document discusses the differential diagnosis of membrane over the tonsils. Membranous tonsillitis occurs due to pyogenic organisms and presents with an exudative membrane over the tonsils along with symptoms of acute tonsillitis. Diphtheria presents more slowly with less discomfort, and the membrane extends beyond the tonsils onto the soft palate and is dirty in color. Infectious mononucleosis often affects young adults and presents with enlarged, congested tonsils covered in membrane along with enlarged lymph nodes and splenomegaly. Traumatic ulcers can form over the tonsils from accidental injury to the area from a toothbrush or pencil.
Mucoceles are benign cysts caused by mucus extravasation or retention from minor salivary glands. When located in the floor of the mouth, they are called ranulas. Ranulas present as smooth, blue, dome-shaped swellings that can enlarge and elevate the tongue. Treatment involves complete surgical excision of the cyst wall and sublingual gland to prevent recurrence, while preserving nearby nerves like the lingual nerve. Plunging ranulas extend behind the mylohyoid muscle into the neck.
This document summarizes different types of nasal polyps. It describes inflammatory polyps as the most common type, which are usually multiple, bilateral lesions involving the nasal cavities and sinuses in patients over 30 years old. Other types discussed include bilateral ethmoidal polyps, antrochoanal polyps, neoplastic polyps, inverted papillomas, oncocytic papillomas, respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartomas, rhinosporidiosis, rhabdomyosarcoma, and angiofibromas. The document also notes that nasal polyps in cystic fibrosis patients contain predominantly acid mucins, and that atypical stromal cells are commonly seen in polyps but should
This document provides information on various disorders of the eyelids including infections, inflammations, tumors, and deformities. It discusses common eyelid infections like hordeolum (stye), blepharitis, and chalazion. It also describes different types of eyelid tumors including benign tumors like nevus, capillary hemangioma, and xanthelasma, as well as malignant tumors such as squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. Additionally, it covers various eyelid positioning anomalies and deformities such as entropion, ectropion, trichiasis, and lagophthalmos. Treatment options are provided for many of the conditions covered.
This document provides information about ill-fitting denture induced lesions. It discusses the purpose of the presentation which is to describe the etiology, clinical features, management, and differential diagnosis of various denture induced lesions. It then covers various specific lesions in detail, including traumatic ulcer, cheek bite, inflammatory hyperplasia, fibrous papillary hyperplasia, chronic atrophic candidiasis (denture stomatitis), contact allergy, malignancy, angular cheilitis, and palatal perforation. For each lesion, it discusses causes, clinical features, and management.
Mucous cysts, also known as mucoceles, are quite common in the general population, normally appearing on the lower lip. Most of the cases of mucoceles are seen in individuals under the age of 30.They are painless but can be bothersome because you are not mouth, and epulis when on the gums. To know more visit here: www.lazoi.com
This seminar consists of various cysts seen in the oral cavity alonh with various classifications and added case repots for better understanding and the various treatment protocols followed for treating various cysts.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Our backs are like superheroes, holding us up and helping us move around. But sometimes, even superheroes can get hurt. That’s where slip discs come in.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
5. What is it?
Oral mucocele is a clinical term that refers to
two related phenomena:
1.Mucus extravasation phenomenon
2.Mucus retention cyst
6. The former is a swelling of connective tissue
consisting of a collection of fluid called mucin. This
occurs because of a ruptured salivary gland duct
usually caused by local trauma (damage), in the
case of mucus extravasation phenomenon, and an
obstructed or ruptured salivary duct (parotid duct)
in the case of a mucus retention cyst. The
mucocele has a bluish translucent color, and is
more commonly found in children and young
adults.
7. Although the term cyst is often used to refer to
these lesions, mucoceles are not strictly
speaking true cysts because there is no
epithelial lining.Rather, it would be more
accurate to classify mucoceles as polyps
8. Signs and symptoms
The size of oral mucoceles vary from 1 mm to
several centimeters and they usually are slightly
transparent with a blue tinge. On palpation,
mucoceles may appear fluctuant but can also be
firm. Their duration lasts from days to years, and
may have recurrent swelling with occasional
rupturing of its contents.
9. Locations
The most common location to find a mucocele is the inner
surface of the lower lip. It can also be found on the inner
side of the cheek (known as the buccal mucosa), on the
anterior ventral tongue, and the floor of the mouth. When
found on the floor of the mouth, the mucocele is referred to
as a ranula. They are rarely found on the upper lip. As their
name suggests they are basically mucus lined cysts and they
can also occur in the Paranasal sinuses most commonly the
frontal sinuses, the frontoethmoidal region and also in the
maxillary sinus.
10. Sphenoid sinus involvement is extremely rare. When
the lumen of the vermiform appendix gets blocked due
to any factor, again a mucocele can form. A ranula is an
oral mucocele found on the frenulum on the tongue.
11. Variations
A variant of a mucocele is found on the palate, retromolar
pad , and posterior buccal mucosa. Known as a "superficial
mucocele", this type presents as single or multiple vesicles
and bursts into an ulcer. Despite healing after a few days,
superficial mucoceles recur often in the same location.
Other causes of bumps inside lips are, aphthous ulcer,
Lipoma, benign tumors of salivary glands, submucous
abscess and haemangiomas.
12. Diagnosis
Microscopically, mucoceles appears as
granulation tissue surrounding mucin. Since
inflammation occurs concurrently, neutrophils
and foamy histiocytes usually are present.
13. Treatment
Some mucoceles spontaneously resolve on their
own after a short time. Others are chronic and
require surgical removal. Recurrence may occur,
and thus the adjacent salivary gland is excised as
a preventive measure.
14. Several types of procedures are available for the
surgical removal of mucoceles. These include laser
and minimally-invasive techniques which means
recovery times are reduced drastically.
15.
16. A non-surgical option that may be effective for a small
or newly identified mucocele is to rinse the mouth
thoroughly with salt water (one tablespoon of salt per
cup) four to six times a day for a few days. This may
draw out the fluid trapped underneath the skin without
further damaging the surrounding tissue. If the
mucocele persists, individuals should see a doctor to
discuss further treatment.
17. Smaller cysts may be removed by laser
treatment, larger cysts will have to be removed
surgically in an operating room