This document summarizes a study on the accumulation of mercury in marine biota in Buyat Bay, Indonesia. The study found mercury in all sampled organisms, with concentrations varying by species and trophic level. Mercury concentrations were lowest in primary producers like seaweed and sea grass, and highest in carnivorous fish like the honeycomb grouper, with levels over 350 parts per billion. The results indicate biomagnification of mercury up the food chain, especially in the form of methylmercury, the most toxic and bioaccumulative form, posing risks to human health.
Study on Quality of Soil: Part-II. Simultaneous Determination of Cu, Pb, Cd, ...BRNSS Publication Hub
The analytical procedure has been developed for simultaneous determination of the toxic trace metals Cu, Pb, Cd, and Znin soil samples from Bhusawal, employing electrochemical techniques, namely square wave voltammetry, differential pulse polarographic, and anodic stripping voltammetry (DP-ASV) techniques at hanging mercury drop electrode. The soil samples were collected from Bhusawal area, at five points, in March 2016. The metals were made free from any interference, and the applicability of the method has been proved by the analysis of soil samples from polluted and non-polluted area. Accuracy is verified by employing atomic absorption spectrometry. Simultaneous determination by the polarographic and voltammetric method for studied four metals and calculation of concentration level of each metal in the collected samples from the selected area was studied. The results and conclusions were discussed.
Determinar la toxicitat dels sediments en els ecosistemes aquàtics és un repte, i és necessari per a una adequada avaluació del risc toxicològic en aquests ecosistemes. En les darreres dècades s’han estudiat i aplicat diferents eines (ex. tests de laboratori amb diferents concentracions, tests amb l’aigua intersticial, estudis de bioacumulació, índexs de toxicitat). Actualment es recomana l'aplicació conjunta d'eines químiques, ecològiques i toxicològiques per a una adequada avaluació. En aquest treball utilitzem l’aproximació de les Toxic Units, tests de toxicitat amb l’aigua intersticial (Vibrio fischeri, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata i Daphnia magna) i tests d'exposició amb el sediment (V. fischeri, Chironomus riparius), juntament amb l’estudi de la comunitat d'invertebrats, per detectar respostes a curt i llarg termini en quatre rius de la Península Ibèrica: el Llobregat, l’Ebre, el Xúquer i el Guadalquivir.
by Núria de Castro-Català, Maja Kuzmanovic, Neus Roig, Jordi Sierra, Antoni Ginebreda, Damià Barceló, Sandra Pérez, Mira Petrovic, Yolanda Picó, Marta Schumacher and Isabel Muñoz
L’OLIGOTROFITZACIÓ CULTURAL DELS RIUS OCCIDENTALS I ELS CANVIS A L’ECOSISTEMA FLUVIAL: EL CAS DE L’EBRE.
Seminari Dept Ecologia - UB per Carles Ibañez (IRTA-Sant Carles de la Ràpita) el 18/01/2013
Study on Quality of Soil: Part-II. Simultaneous Determination of Cu, Pb, Cd, ...BRNSS Publication Hub
The analytical procedure has been developed for simultaneous determination of the toxic trace metals Cu, Pb, Cd, and Znin soil samples from Bhusawal, employing electrochemical techniques, namely square wave voltammetry, differential pulse polarographic, and anodic stripping voltammetry (DP-ASV) techniques at hanging mercury drop electrode. The soil samples were collected from Bhusawal area, at five points, in March 2016. The metals were made free from any interference, and the applicability of the method has been proved by the analysis of soil samples from polluted and non-polluted area. Accuracy is verified by employing atomic absorption spectrometry. Simultaneous determination by the polarographic and voltammetric method for studied four metals and calculation of concentration level of each metal in the collected samples from the selected area was studied. The results and conclusions were discussed.
Determinar la toxicitat dels sediments en els ecosistemes aquàtics és un repte, i és necessari per a una adequada avaluació del risc toxicològic en aquests ecosistemes. En les darreres dècades s’han estudiat i aplicat diferents eines (ex. tests de laboratori amb diferents concentracions, tests amb l’aigua intersticial, estudis de bioacumulació, índexs de toxicitat). Actualment es recomana l'aplicació conjunta d'eines químiques, ecològiques i toxicològiques per a una adequada avaluació. En aquest treball utilitzem l’aproximació de les Toxic Units, tests de toxicitat amb l’aigua intersticial (Vibrio fischeri, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata i Daphnia magna) i tests d'exposició amb el sediment (V. fischeri, Chironomus riparius), juntament amb l’estudi de la comunitat d'invertebrats, per detectar respostes a curt i llarg termini en quatre rius de la Península Ibèrica: el Llobregat, l’Ebre, el Xúquer i el Guadalquivir.
by Núria de Castro-Català, Maja Kuzmanovic, Neus Roig, Jordi Sierra, Antoni Ginebreda, Damià Barceló, Sandra Pérez, Mira Petrovic, Yolanda Picó, Marta Schumacher and Isabel Muñoz
L’OLIGOTROFITZACIÓ CULTURAL DELS RIUS OCCIDENTALS I ELS CANVIS A L’ECOSISTEMA FLUVIAL: EL CAS DE L’EBRE.
Seminari Dept Ecologia - UB per Carles Ibañez (IRTA-Sant Carles de la Ràpita) el 18/01/2013
1Department of Biotechnology, Techno India University, Salt Lake Campus Kolkata, India
2Department of Microbiology, Techno India University, Salt Lake Campus, Kolkata, India
3Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35 B.C. Road, Kolkata, India
*Address for Correspondence: Atanu Roy, Research Scholar, Department of Biotechnology, Techno India University,
Salt lake Campus, Kolkata, India
ABSTRACT- Three decades data (1984 – 2015) was used to study the effect of surface water temperature, pH, dissolved
oxygen, nitrate, phosphate and silicate on chlorophyll a concentration in three water bodies meant for fish culture (locally
known as Bheries) in East Kolkata Wetlands. The data revealed significant spatio-temporal variations (p < 0.01). The
increasing trend of temperature, nitrate and phosphate reflects the effect of intense urbanization at local level. The
pronounced variation of dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a (decreasing trend) may be attributed to increased load of
sewage in the selected water bodies, which has posed an adverse impact on the phytoplankton standing stock as revealed
through decreasing chlorophyll a trend.
Key-words- East Kolkata Wetlands (EKW), Phytoplankton, Chlorophyll a, Nutrients, ANOVA
Studies on Seasonal Variations of Total Glycogen, Protein and Lipids in Estua...ijtsrd
In the present investigation, estuarine clam, M.meretrix was employed to study effect of cadmium chloride stress on biochemical components of different soft tissues. Hepatopancreas showed 30.85 and 28.55 decrease in monsoon and winter respectively. During summer, mantle showed 39.77 considerable depletion than hepatopancreas. In the present study, it was found that, alterations in total glycogen, proteins and lipids from control group were attributed to highly labile estuarine water parameters and breeding season of clams, while, alterations in clams from chronic group are moreover attributed to cadmium chloride stress. Sanjay Kumbhar "Studies on Seasonal Variations of Total Glycogen, Protein and Lipids in Estuarine Clam, Meretrix Meretrix (Linnaeus) after Chronic Exposure to Cadmium Chloride" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30908.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/30908/studies-on-seasonal-variations-of-total-glycogen-protein-and-lipids-in-estuarine-clam-meretrix-meretrix-linnaeus-after-chronic-exposure-to-cadmium-chloride/sanjay-kumbhar
Wan Marlin Rohalin, Nadzifah Yaakub and Najwa Mohd Fazdil. “Level of Zinc and Lead in Freshwater Fishes in Balok River, Pahang, Malaysia” United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT) 1.1 (2019): 44-48.
Assessment of Natural Radioactivity in Soil and Water Samples from Aden Gover...paperpublications3
Abstract:The level of natural radioactivity in soils and water of 74 samples collected from locations at Aden governorate south of Yemen was measured. Concentrations of radionuclides in soils and water samples were determined by gamma-ray spectrometer using a NaI (Tl) detector with specially designed shield. The mean activity level of the natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K is 30.41 ±2.4, 36.26 ±2.9 and 358.12±26.54 Bq kg-1, respectively. These values are well within values reported elsewhere in the country and in other countries with similar environments. The study also examined some radiation hazard indices. The mean values obtained are, 215±37Bq kg-1, 50.10±6 nGy h-1, 0.34mSv y-1, 0.30 and 0.34 for Radium Equivalent Activity (Raeq), Absorbed Dose Rates (D), Annual Effective Dose Rates (Eff Dose), External Hazard Index (Hex) and Internal Hazard Index (Hin) respectively. All the health hazard indices are well below their recommended limits. The paper recommends further studies to estimate internal and external doses from other suspected radiological sources to the population in Aden governorate.
Keywords:Absorbed dose, south Yemen, Aden governorate, Water, Soil, Natural Radioactivity.
Determination of acute toxicity and the effects of sub-acute concentrations o...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
Objective(s):
Copper oxidenanoparticles have different industrial applications so it is inevitable that nanoparticulate products finally find their way into aquatic ecosystems. Nevertheless there is little information available about their effects on some of edible fish. The present study aims to determine the acute toxicity and evaluate the effect of two sub-acute concentrations (50 and 70% 96 h LC50) of CuO-NPs on some hematological and biochemical parameters of R. rutilus.
Materials and Methods:
225 healthy specimen of R. rutilus (mean weight 5.52±1.2 g; mean length 6.20±0.2 cm) were transported to the laboratory. In order to prepare the stock solution, CuO-NPs was dispersed in pure water with ultrasonication (50-60 kHz) for 15 min every day before dosing. At first, R. rutilus was exposed to CuO-NPs to determine the lethal concentration (LC50) value. Following acute test, fish were treated with sub-acute concentrations of CuO-NPs (50 and 70% 96 h-LC50 at) with one control group (no CuO-NPs) for a week to determine the changes in the level of some plasma hematological and biochemical parameters.
Results:
The 96 h-LC50 values of CuO-NPs was 2.19±0.003 mg/l. R. rutilus exhibited significantly lower RBC count, Hb and Hct values and a significant increase in the WBC numbers, MCH, MCHC and MCV indices (p<0.05).><0.05).
Conclusion:
These alterations indicate R. rutilus sensitivity to CuO-NPs and changes in blood parameters would be a useful tool for measurement early exposure to CuO nanoparticles.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Investigation of heavy metals content (Cd , Ni and Pb) in the muscle tissue o...Innspub Net
This study has been done to determine the amount of the heavy metals like Cd, Ni, and Pb in the muscle tissue of Hoof benthic fish (Psettodes erumei) and urban pelagic fish (Lethrinus nebulosus) in Qeshm Island in the north of the Persian Gulf. On the whole, the heavy metal content of 30 tissue samples was randomly measured by atomic absorption spectrometer. The mean amount of Cd and Ni in benthic Hoof was significantly greater than that in the Urban pelagic fish while the concentration of pb in urban pelagic fish was higher than that in the Hoof tissue samples (P<0.05). Our results showed that the concentration of the three measured heavy metals in the fishes studied was less than the standard levels proposed by WHO and FAO. Get via original link: http://www.innspub.net/jbes/investigation-of-heavy-metals-content-cd-ni-and-pb-in-the-muscle-tissue-of-two-commercial-fishes-of-the-qeshm-island-persian-gulf/
Mycological flora of Clarias gariepinus exposed to an oilfield wastewater in ...Innspub Net
The Mycological flora of Clarias gariepinus exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of an oilfield wastewater were investigated. The concentrations included 0% (control), 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60% respectively. Physico-chemistry and mycoflora of wastewater and tissues of Clarias gariepinus were
determined using standard methods. Mean values obtained were; temperature 25.93±6.7oC, pH 7.73±0.31, turbidity 40.33±1.53 NTU, salinity 6584±137mg/l, conductivity 15200±1058.68μs/cm, total dissolved solids 8436.33±501.68 mg/l, total suspended solids 4.67±0.58mg/l, alkalinity
1296.33±2168mg/l, dissolved oxygen 1.83±0.38mg/l, biochemical oxygen demand 1.3±0.7mg/l and Total hydrocarbon 40.54±50mg/l. Temperature, DO, BOD and THC were below allowable FEPA limits while all other components were higher. Mean counts of total fungi and petroleum degraders in the oilfield wastewater were 4.7±0.46x106 sfu/ml and 59.7±25.7% respectively. Fungal counts in the
tissues of Clarias ranged from 0.20±0.00 x 104sfu/g to 3.00±0.00 x 104sfu/g (skin), 0.48±0.05 x 104sfu/g to 7.25±0.96 x 104sfu/g (gills), and 1.13±0.15 x 104sfu/g to 5.75±0.50 x 104sfu/g (intestine). The intestine had higher fungal counts, but the gills recorded the highest at 10%
concentration. Fungi isolated included; Aspergillus fumigatus (46.43%), Aspergillus niger (100%), Fusarium spp. (100%), Mucor spp. (24.99%), Penicillium spp. (57.14%), Rhizopus spp. (32.13%) and Saccharomyces spp. (34.3%). All except Saccharomyces spp were isolated from oilfield wastewater.
Aspergillus spp. Penicillium spp, Mucor and Rhizopus are considered normal flora, but can still cause infection which may result in the mortality of the fish and eventually economic loss to the aquarium fish industry. Proper treatment of oilfield wastewater prior to discharge into the recipient water body is
advocated to reduce ecotoxicological problems. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-3-number-1-july-2015-ijmm/
1Department of Biotechnology, Techno India University, Salt Lake Campus Kolkata, India
2Department of Microbiology, Techno India University, Salt Lake Campus, Kolkata, India
3Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35 B.C. Road, Kolkata, India
*Address for Correspondence: Atanu Roy, Research Scholar, Department of Biotechnology, Techno India University,
Salt lake Campus, Kolkata, India
ABSTRACT- Three decades data (1984 – 2015) was used to study the effect of surface water temperature, pH, dissolved
oxygen, nitrate, phosphate and silicate on chlorophyll a concentration in three water bodies meant for fish culture (locally
known as Bheries) in East Kolkata Wetlands. The data revealed significant spatio-temporal variations (p < 0.01). The
increasing trend of temperature, nitrate and phosphate reflects the effect of intense urbanization at local level. The
pronounced variation of dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a (decreasing trend) may be attributed to increased load of
sewage in the selected water bodies, which has posed an adverse impact on the phytoplankton standing stock as revealed
through decreasing chlorophyll a trend.
Key-words- East Kolkata Wetlands (EKW), Phytoplankton, Chlorophyll a, Nutrients, ANOVA
Studies on Seasonal Variations of Total Glycogen, Protein and Lipids in Estua...ijtsrd
In the present investigation, estuarine clam, M.meretrix was employed to study effect of cadmium chloride stress on biochemical components of different soft tissues. Hepatopancreas showed 30.85 and 28.55 decrease in monsoon and winter respectively. During summer, mantle showed 39.77 considerable depletion than hepatopancreas. In the present study, it was found that, alterations in total glycogen, proteins and lipids from control group were attributed to highly labile estuarine water parameters and breeding season of clams, while, alterations in clams from chronic group are moreover attributed to cadmium chloride stress. Sanjay Kumbhar "Studies on Seasonal Variations of Total Glycogen, Protein and Lipids in Estuarine Clam, Meretrix Meretrix (Linnaeus) after Chronic Exposure to Cadmium Chloride" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30908.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/30908/studies-on-seasonal-variations-of-total-glycogen-protein-and-lipids-in-estuarine-clam-meretrix-meretrix-linnaeus-after-chronic-exposure-to-cadmium-chloride/sanjay-kumbhar
Wan Marlin Rohalin, Nadzifah Yaakub and Najwa Mohd Fazdil. “Level of Zinc and Lead in Freshwater Fishes in Balok River, Pahang, Malaysia” United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT) 1.1 (2019): 44-48.
Assessment of Natural Radioactivity in Soil and Water Samples from Aden Gover...paperpublications3
Abstract:The level of natural radioactivity in soils and water of 74 samples collected from locations at Aden governorate south of Yemen was measured. Concentrations of radionuclides in soils and water samples were determined by gamma-ray spectrometer using a NaI (Tl) detector with specially designed shield. The mean activity level of the natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K is 30.41 ±2.4, 36.26 ±2.9 and 358.12±26.54 Bq kg-1, respectively. These values are well within values reported elsewhere in the country and in other countries with similar environments. The study also examined some radiation hazard indices. The mean values obtained are, 215±37Bq kg-1, 50.10±6 nGy h-1, 0.34mSv y-1, 0.30 and 0.34 for Radium Equivalent Activity (Raeq), Absorbed Dose Rates (D), Annual Effective Dose Rates (Eff Dose), External Hazard Index (Hex) and Internal Hazard Index (Hin) respectively. All the health hazard indices are well below their recommended limits. The paper recommends further studies to estimate internal and external doses from other suspected radiological sources to the population in Aden governorate.
Keywords:Absorbed dose, south Yemen, Aden governorate, Water, Soil, Natural Radioactivity.
Determination of acute toxicity and the effects of sub-acute concentrations o...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
Objective(s):
Copper oxidenanoparticles have different industrial applications so it is inevitable that nanoparticulate products finally find their way into aquatic ecosystems. Nevertheless there is little information available about their effects on some of edible fish. The present study aims to determine the acute toxicity and evaluate the effect of two sub-acute concentrations (50 and 70% 96 h LC50) of CuO-NPs on some hematological and biochemical parameters of R. rutilus.
Materials and Methods:
225 healthy specimen of R. rutilus (mean weight 5.52±1.2 g; mean length 6.20±0.2 cm) were transported to the laboratory. In order to prepare the stock solution, CuO-NPs was dispersed in pure water with ultrasonication (50-60 kHz) for 15 min every day before dosing. At first, R. rutilus was exposed to CuO-NPs to determine the lethal concentration (LC50) value. Following acute test, fish were treated with sub-acute concentrations of CuO-NPs (50 and 70% 96 h-LC50 at) with one control group (no CuO-NPs) for a week to determine the changes in the level of some plasma hematological and biochemical parameters.
Results:
The 96 h-LC50 values of CuO-NPs was 2.19±0.003 mg/l. R. rutilus exhibited significantly lower RBC count, Hb and Hct values and a significant increase in the WBC numbers, MCH, MCHC and MCV indices (p<0.05).><0.05).
Conclusion:
These alterations indicate R. rutilus sensitivity to CuO-NPs and changes in blood parameters would be a useful tool for measurement early exposure to CuO nanoparticles.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Investigation of heavy metals content (Cd , Ni and Pb) in the muscle tissue o...Innspub Net
This study has been done to determine the amount of the heavy metals like Cd, Ni, and Pb in the muscle tissue of Hoof benthic fish (Psettodes erumei) and urban pelagic fish (Lethrinus nebulosus) in Qeshm Island in the north of the Persian Gulf. On the whole, the heavy metal content of 30 tissue samples was randomly measured by atomic absorption spectrometer. The mean amount of Cd and Ni in benthic Hoof was significantly greater than that in the Urban pelagic fish while the concentration of pb in urban pelagic fish was higher than that in the Hoof tissue samples (P<0.05). Our results showed that the concentration of the three measured heavy metals in the fishes studied was less than the standard levels proposed by WHO and FAO. Get via original link: http://www.innspub.net/jbes/investigation-of-heavy-metals-content-cd-ni-and-pb-in-the-muscle-tissue-of-two-commercial-fishes-of-the-qeshm-island-persian-gulf/
Mycological flora of Clarias gariepinus exposed to an oilfield wastewater in ...Innspub Net
The Mycological flora of Clarias gariepinus exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of an oilfield wastewater were investigated. The concentrations included 0% (control), 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60% respectively. Physico-chemistry and mycoflora of wastewater and tissues of Clarias gariepinus were
determined using standard methods. Mean values obtained were; temperature 25.93±6.7oC, pH 7.73±0.31, turbidity 40.33±1.53 NTU, salinity 6584±137mg/l, conductivity 15200±1058.68μs/cm, total dissolved solids 8436.33±501.68 mg/l, total suspended solids 4.67±0.58mg/l, alkalinity
1296.33±2168mg/l, dissolved oxygen 1.83±0.38mg/l, biochemical oxygen demand 1.3±0.7mg/l and Total hydrocarbon 40.54±50mg/l. Temperature, DO, BOD and THC were below allowable FEPA limits while all other components were higher. Mean counts of total fungi and petroleum degraders in the oilfield wastewater were 4.7±0.46x106 sfu/ml and 59.7±25.7% respectively. Fungal counts in the
tissues of Clarias ranged from 0.20±0.00 x 104sfu/g to 3.00±0.00 x 104sfu/g (skin), 0.48±0.05 x 104sfu/g to 7.25±0.96 x 104sfu/g (gills), and 1.13±0.15 x 104sfu/g to 5.75±0.50 x 104sfu/g (intestine). The intestine had higher fungal counts, but the gills recorded the highest at 10%
concentration. Fungi isolated included; Aspergillus fumigatus (46.43%), Aspergillus niger (100%), Fusarium spp. (100%), Mucor spp. (24.99%), Penicillium spp. (57.14%), Rhizopus spp. (32.13%) and Saccharomyces spp. (34.3%). All except Saccharomyces spp were isolated from oilfield wastewater.
Aspergillus spp. Penicillium spp, Mucor and Rhizopus are considered normal flora, but can still cause infection which may result in the mortality of the fish and eventually economic loss to the aquarium fish industry. Proper treatment of oilfield wastewater prior to discharge into the recipient water body is
advocated to reduce ecotoxicological problems. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-3-number-1-july-2015-ijmm/
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Heavy Metals in organs and endoparasites of Oreochromisniloticus, Sediment an...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online.
Physico-chemical parameters and macrobenthic invertebrates of the intertidal ...Angelo Mark Walag
Physico-chemical parameters and macrobenthic invertebrates of the intertidal zone of Gusa, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines were assessed from March to May 2014. Water temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, and type of substrate were determined in the study were within the normal range. A modified transect-quadrat method was used in an approximately 14,000 m2 of study area. Seven hundred twenty seven individuals belonging to 15 species were found in the area. These organisms belong to four phyla namely: Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, and Annelida. The three most abundant organisms found were Coenobita clypeatus, Ophiothrix longipeda, and Cypraea poraria with relative abundance of 73.86%, 4.13% and 3.71% respectively. Most of the macrobenthic fauna identified exhibited a clumped pattern of distribution, while the rest are randomly distributed. The species diversity of the area is 1.19 which is very low compared to reports from related studies.
New Spectrophotometric Determination of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumaratein Bulk ...IOSRJAC
Two new, selective and sensitive visible spectrophotometric methods (method A and B) have been developed for the estimation of Tenofovir disoproxil fumaratein bulk and in pharmaceutical preparations. Method ‘A’ is based on the reaction with wool fast blue, in the presence of buffer at PH 1.5 to form a colored species with a λmax 590nm. Method B is based on the reaction with tropaeoline -00 dye under acidic condition with a λ max 410nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range of 50 to 250µg/ml for both the methods. The methods were extended to pharmaceutical formulations and there was no interference form any common pharmaceutical excepients and diluents. The result of analysis has been validated statistically and by recovery studies.
Organic Geochemical Evaluation of Cretaceous Sediments from Asu River Group i...Premier Publishers
Organic geochemical analyses were performed on shale samples belonging to the Cretaceous sediments from Asu River Group in the Afikpo syncline, Southeastern Nigeria. Shale sediments were taken on a traverse from Okigwe - Amaseri to Afikpo. Plots of hydrogen index (HI) versus Tmax and oxygen index (OI) respectively classified the shale organic matter as Type III - IV kerogen. Tmax values between 349°C and 454ºC indicate organic matters are thermally immature to marginally mature. The range of HI values from 3.95 - 47.98mgHC/gTOC and S1 + S2 yields from 0.37 - 18.92mgHC/g of rock, suggests shale potential to generate oil and gas. The value of 1.09 to 14.70wt% TOC with an average of 5.60 wt% shows good to excellent source potential. The OI values range from 6.00 - 39.83mgHC/gTOC suggests contribution from terrestrial organic matter poor in hydroxyl groups.
Carrying Capacity for Pinctada maxima (Jameson 1901) Farming in Sathean Bay, ...IJAEMSJORNAL
Sathean Bay is a small, semi-enclosed waters which have been utilized as an area for pearl oyster farming using floating long line method. The growth of pearl oysters are affected by the availability of food (phytoplankton) in the waters. The phytoplankton own self is highly affected by N and P in the waters. This study aims to assess the carrying capacity of the Sathean Bay for pearl oysters farming for three different size group pearl oyster based on the nutrient balance which was the ratio between N and P are available in the waters and in the pearl oyster tissue. The study was conducted from April to September 2016 in nine sampling sites of Sathean Bay, Southeast Maluku. The result showed the smallest group size of pearl oyster(5 ± 2 cm) had the highest carrying capacity among the other two size group (13 ± 2 cm, 18 ± 2 cm). The carrying capacity of pearl oyster based nitrogen level(DIN) in the waters was always greater than the carrying capacity based on DIP level for all size groups of pearl oyster.
Removal of heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Ni and Pb) using fresh water algae (Utricula...Innspub Net
A study was conducted to check the efficiency of different fresh water algae for removing heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Ni and Pb) from contaminated water. The three most abundant indigenous algal species namely Ulothrix tenuissima, Oscillatoria tenuis and Zygogonium ericetorum were collected from fresh water channels of Parachinar, Pakistan and brought to the laboratory of Soil and Environmental Sciences Department at the University of Agriculture, Peshawar Pakistan for proper identification. To check the efficiency for removing heavy metals artificial contaminated water was prepared and was inoculated with mix culture of above mentioned algae and incubated for 10 days. After incubation algal species were removed from water through centrifugation and was dried, digested and analyzed for heavy metals. The results showed that the concentration of all heavy metals was substantially reduced in the algal inoculated contaminated water. The analysis of algal biomass showed that considerable amount of metals and other elements were recovered in algae. Among the tested algal species, Zygogonium ericetorum showed maximum removal Ni(99.40ug) and Cr(66.84ug) from contaminated water followed by Oscillatoria tenuis with 84ug(Ni) and 64.83ug(Cr) respectively. However Oscillatoria tenuis showed maximum removal of Cd(41.00ug) than the other algal species. Similarly Zygogonium ericetorum showed maximum removal of Pb (451ug) followed by Ulothrix tenuissima where 441ug was recorded. Highest amount Cd, and Ni were recovered in Zygogonium ericetorum biomass while highest amount of Cr and Pb were recorded in the biomass of Oscillatoria tenuis. Finally it could be concluded that algae have efficiently removed heavy metals from contaminated water. Further research is needed to test other algal species for removal of heavy metal and other elements from the contaminated water.
Potential Contamination of Mercury from Artisanal Gold MiningMarkus T Lasut
This presentation had been presented in the 9th International Conference of Mercury as Global Pollutan (ICMGP) at Guiyang China, 7-12 June, 2009 (http://www.mercury.2009.org)
Accumualtion of TBT and Intersex Occurence on Marine Snails Littoraria ScabraMarkus T Lasut
Presented in the International Conference & Workshop XI of “Tropical Marine Mollusc Programme”, sponsored by DANIDA at Kodaikal, Rameswaran and Tuticorin-Tamilnadu, India. 28 September – 8 Oktober, 2000.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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1. Coastal Marine Science 32(1): 33–38, 2008
Accumulation of mercury in marine biota
of Buyat Bay, north Sulawesi, Indonesia
Markus T. LASUT1 and Yoshiaki YASUDA2
1
Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Jl. Kampus Unsrat Bahu, Manado
95115, Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia, E-mail: markus_lasut@yahoo.com.
2
National Institute for Minamata Disease, 4058–18 Hama, Minamata City, Kumamoto 867–0008, Japan, E-mail:
yasday@nimd.go.jp.
Received 16 October 2007; Accepted 28 April 2008
Abstract — Anthropogenic input of mercury (Hg) to marine environment is a great concern due to its potential impact may threat
the marine ecosystem. In this paper, we evaluate Hg releases caused by mining in marine environment of Buyat Bay (BB), north
Sulawesi, Indonesia, by quantifying the concentration of total mercury (THg) and methyl mercury (MeHg) in marine biota. The
results showed that Hg was found in all samples and the concentration varied according to group of species. Bioaccumulation
and biomagnifications occurred through the food webs in which the lowest concentration was found in the soft coral Sinularia
sp. (1.3 m g/kg, range 0.45–2.28) and other producers (sea grass and seaweed) and the highest was in the carnivorous fish Epi-
nephelus merra (359 m g/kg, range 211–572). As MeHg is found to accumulate in the carnivore fish sample in higher level than
that in control, the methylation of inorganic Hg occurs in the marine environment of BB. That is plausible since all the Hg re-
leased from the anthropogenic sources in the region was inorganic form and there is absolutely no source of MeHg other then
the spontaneous distribution.
Key words: methyl mercury, bioaccumulation, submarine tailings disposal (STD), Buyat Bay, Indonesia
the tailings were found dispersed into water as shallow as 20
Introduction m, and as far as 4 km from the STD outfall (PT NMR 1998,
Edinger et al. 2006). In addition, Hg-containing sediment
BB locates at the southeastern part of the Minahasa transported from Kotabunan area and Totok Bay, where arti-
Peninsula, north Sulawesi, Indonesia. That bay is in between sanal gold mines using Hg amalgamation to recover gold dis-
two short peninsulas, Ratatotok to the northeast and Bobokan tribute (Fig. 1), that gives contribution to the bay (Blackwood
to the southwest, and opens to the Maluku Sea to the south. and Edinger 2006, Edinger et al. 2006). However, the extent
The bay receives terrigenous runoff from upper land area of of contribution is un-quantified.
Ratatotok district through the Buyat River (BR) (Fig. 1). A Scientific information on Hg distribution and speciation
fishing village, Buyat Pante (BPV) locates by the beach of in marine biota is important as a major food source for
BB. The village was inhabited by up to 230 people (54% human. From this point of view, the present study evaluates
male and 46% female) of 54 households. According to Hg accumulation in biota of BB, referring THg and MeHg
Berhimpon et al. (2005), the residents depend mainly on fish concentrations. Finally, accumulation of Hg through food
for their food consumption including various species of chain and potential impact to human are discussed. Related
pelagic fish (eastern little tuna, yellowstripe trevally, mack- research on distribution and accumulation of Hg derived
erel) and demersal fish (grouper, trevally, and snappers). from gold mine at BB (Lasut et al. in preparation) will be
From 1996 to 2004, BB received tailings (2000 t/day) of published separately.
an industrial gold mine locates at the upper area of Buyat-
Ratatotok district (Fig. 1). The mine exploited a gold deposit
with As–Sb–Hg–Tl anomalies (Turner et al. 1994) that con- Materials and Methods
tain up to 6,000 ppb of Hg (PT NMR 1994, Blackwood and
Edinger 2006, Edinger et al. 2006). The discharged tailings Samples and sampling procedure
are treated one (45–55% solids, 75 m m diameter particles) Selection of the biota samples considered the trophic
containing Hg as fine-grained mercuric sulfide, which were level of marine environment, which consists of trophic pro-
disposed to BB using a submarine tailings disposal (STD) ducers and consumers (herbivorous, carnivorous, omnivo-
system through submarine pipelines (900 m from the beach) rous) groups. Table 1 shows the information of the samples
at 82 m of water depth. Although the STD system was de- (samples’ name, their habitat, diet, sampling sites, tissue
signed to trap tailings below a seasonally stable thermocline, sample, and number of samples). Sampling was undertaken
33
2. Coastal Marine Science 32
Figure 1. Map of the study areas and the sampling sites (#1–5) in Buyat Bay. A: Indonesia; B: Minahasa Peninsula; C: Buyat Bay Area;
D: Buyat Bay, with sampling sites (#1–5).
in February, July, and August 2004 at BB during the lowest sity, to Japan. All samples were packed in a cool-box with
tide. The producer groups of seaweed and sea grass were col- freeze coolant gels during international transportation.
lected using a stainless steel knife to cut some parts of them, THg was quantified using cold vapor atomic absorption
as well as the consumer, soft coral. The intertidal bivalve spectrometry (CV-AAS) (Akagi and Nishimura 1991). Sam-
(Septifer sp.), the gastropods, and the crabs were collected ple (0.5 ml or less of 1N NaOH digested biological samples)
randomly in each point. The subtidal bivalves (Tridacna sp.) was put into a 50 ml volumetric flask, to which 1 ml of water,
were collected using a hammer and chisel in 1.5 to 2 m depth 2 ml of a mixture of nitric acid and perchloric acid (1 : 1) and
under water. The crabs were collected along the beach at 5 ml of sulfuric acid were added sequentially. The flask was
sampling sites of #1–5 (Fig. 1; D) and the other samples were heated at 200°C for 30 minutes. After cooling, the digested
done at selected sites where they were available at #1 (Fig. 1; mixture was filled up to 50 ml with water, which was used as
D). The fishes were obtained from fishermen who caught a sample for total Hg analysis. Hg in the aliquot of the sam-
them by angling inside and outside BB. Part of each of the ple solution was vaporized by reduction in the presence of
samples was prepared for measurements; trunk for sea grass, 0.l5% (w/v) stannous chloride under vigorous bubbling for
thalli for seaweed, soft body part for bivalves and gastropod, 30 seconds. The Hg vapor was then sent to the atomic ab-
muscle for fish, and the main body part for crab. However, sorption analyzer. This preparation was performed in an au-
whole body part of soft coral was used for measurement. tomated circulating airflow system (Akagi and Nishimura
In order to maintain the samples in fresh condition dur- 1991, assembled by Sanso Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) that en-
ing sampling work and transportation to the laboratory in ables Hg vapor to pass through the analyzer in the shortest
Sam Ratulangi University, Manado City, Indonesia, all sam- time to provide a sharp peak.
ples were put into sealed polyethylene plastic bags and stored MeHg concentration in each sample was determined by
in cool boxes with ice. All biological samples were freeze- electron capture detector type gas chromatograph after ex-
dried prior to Hg analysis and moisture content of each sam- traction in KOH–ethanol (1 : 1) at 100°C for 60 min and con-
ple was recorded at this step. Just prior to Hg measurement, centration by a sequential extraction with dithizone, H2S and
the samples were digested in 5 to 10 times volume to the dithizone (Ikingura and Akagi 1999, Matsuyama et al. 2004).
sample weight of 1 N NaOH at 60°C overnight. Toluene layer after washing out of dithizone with 1 N NaOH
was used MeHg determination with GC-ECD after acidify-
Hg analysis ing with and removing 2 N HCl by suction.
All Hg measurement was performed in the Laboratory
of Natural Science, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Quality control
Minamata City, Japan. The samples of seaweed and sea grass Each measurement was conducted twice with duplicate
were stored at 4°C, while others were stored at 10°C prior determination. For the reference material, DORM-2 (Dogfish
to transportation from Laboratory in Sam Ratulangi Univer- meat by NRC) was analyzed for THg and MeHg concentra-
34
3. Table 1. Biota samples, habitat, sampling sites, and number of samples.
Biota Scientific Common Sampling No. of Range of Body
Habitat Diet Tissue Sample
Group Name English Name Sites Samples Size (cm)
Soft coral Sinularia sp. Finger coral Rock/hard bottom Plankton feeder #1 Whole part 10
Seaweed Turbinaria sp. Cup coral Coral, rocks, shell, in shallow Producer #1 Thalli 10
tropical reef flats
Sea grass Enhalus acoroides Eel grass Perennial Producer #1 Trunk 10
Bivalve Septifer sp. Box mussel Intertidal; attached to rocks, Suspension feeder/ #1 Soft part 9
dead corals or the omnivorous
underside of stones
Tridacna sp. Giant clam Subtidal; infaunal in Suspension feeder/ #1 Adductor muscle 3
rock/hard bottom omnivorous
Gastropod Nerita sp. Snail Rock/hard bottom Herbivore #1 Soft part 14
Crab Uca sp. Fiddler crabs Intertidal, sandy beach Carnivore #1–5 Carapace 10
Fish Priacanthus Crescent-tail Pelagic Plankton feeder Outside Muscle 10 23.0–29.0
hamrur big eye
Decapterus sp. Mackerel Scad Pelagic; deep water pelagic Plankton feeder Outside Muscle 10 21.0–29.0
Epinephelus Honeycomb Demersal; semi-protected Carnivore Inside Muscle 5 14.0–20.5
merra grouper seaward reefs
Parupeneus Manybar Demersal Carnivore Inside Muscle 2 18.5–24.0
multifasciatus goatfish
Lutjanus basmira Snapper Demersal Carnivore Inside Muscle 3 14.0–16.8
Lasut M. T. and Yasuda Y.: Accumulation of mercury in marine biota of Buyat Bay, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
35
4. Coastal Marine Science 32
tions. Measurement was done 6 times. The average value
95% confidence interval obtained and those recommended
value in parenthesis for THg was 4,670.0 110.0 ppb
(4,640.0 260.0 ppb) and for MeHg was 4,260.0 100.0 ppb
(4,470.0 0.32 ppb).
Results
Hg was found in all samples. Its concentration varied ac-
cording to group of species (Fig. 2). Low concentrations
were found in the trophic producer groups of sea grass and
seaweed; their concentrations (average standard deviation)
Figure 2. Accumulation of THg in biota of Buyat Bay (BB).
were 4.8 1.3 ppb and 14.1 3.2 ppb, respectively. However,
they were higher than in the consumer (plankton feeder) of
soft coral (1.3 0.5 ppb). The intertidal and subtidal bivalves
had relatively higher concentrations (56.1 9.9 ppb and
107.4 31.6 ppb, respectively) than those of the carnivorous
intertidal crab (37.3 9.7 ppb), as well as the gastropod
(93.7 45.2 ppb). The concentrations in fish group were rela-
tively higher than those of all biota samples.
Concentration of THg in fish varied according to sam-
pling location, diet, and body size. Figure 3 shows the con-
centrations in fish group from BB in relation to body size.
Among the carnivorous demersal fish caught at inside the
bay, E. merra had the highest concentration (354.8 135.4
ppb) than those of P multifasciatus (126.2 12.9 ppb) and L.
.
basmira (54.8 8.0 ppb). Among the plankton feeders Figure 3. Concentration of THg in fish according to body size.
pelagic fish caught at outside the bay, P hamrur had higher
.
concentration (198.9 72.3 ppb) than Decapterus sp.
(170.5 53.7 ppb). The highest concentration was found in
the carnivorous fish E. merra. In addition, an individual sam-
ple of the species reaches concentration of 573.6 ppb.
THg and MeHg concentration in fish meat are presented
in Fig. 4. Correlation rate (r) between the MeHg with THg is
0.92. The average MeHg concentrations ranged from 53 ppb
wet weight in L, basmira to 482 ppb wet weight in E. merra.
Discussion
Accumulation of Hg through food chain Figure 4. Concentration of Hg in fish collected from Buyat Bay.
Correlation rate between THg and MeHg is 0.92.
Hg was found in sediment of BB and exceeded the natu-
ral level. It may from various sources, such as tailings and
transport from Kotabunan area and Totok Bay (Edinger et al. 2007). Microorganisms are believed to play an important role
2006). As sediments play a key role in controlling the metal in the fate of mercury in the environment (Yamaguchi et al.
concentrations in biota (Blanchette et al. 2001), this caused 2007). The result of the methylation process is MeHg, the
Hg accumulation in the marine biota of the bay, which was most stable and toxic to organisms including human (JPHA
shown in the present study. Following the Hg introduction, it 2001). Conversely, certain microorganisms can demethylate
(in form of inorganic) is readily methylated by microorgan- MeHg (WHO 2000).
isms, bioaccumulates in marine biota and consistently bio- Accumulation of Hg in marine biota is correlated to
magnifies through food webs (Ikingura and Akagi 1999, Bus- trophic position (Desta et al. 2007) and lifestyle (Bustamante
tamante et al. 2006, Kinghorn et al. 2007, Yamaguchi et al. et al. 2006) where predators (consumers) showing higher tis-
36
5. Lasut M. T. and Yasuda Y.: Accumulation of mercury in marine biota of Buyat Bay, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
sue concentrations than in their prey (Bustamante et al. Acknowledgements
2006), except in the intertidal crabs. This was shown in the Part of this paper was presented in a poster session in the 7th
present study (Fig. 2). The difference in concentration be- International Conference of Mercury as a Global Pollutant 2004,
tween Lutjanids and E. merra may reflect the trophic level of Ljubljana, Slovenia. We wish to thank the National Institute for Mi-
each species. namata Disease, Japan, and Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Sam
Ratulangi University, Indonesia, to make this study possibly con-
Regarding the THg concentration in the intertidal crabs;
ducted.
that looks low due to a kind of fake that masked the true
value by the character of sample as follows. Crabs were used References
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In the present study, process of methylation supposes to
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Dickman, M. D., Leung, K. M. C. and Koo, L. C. L. 1999. Mercury
Baker et al. 2004). Also, it is known that the more consumes
in human hair and fish: is there a Hong Kong male sub-fertility
fish the higher Hg concentration in their hair (for examples,
connection? Mar. Pollut. Bull. 9 (1–12): 352–356.
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