The fisheries sector is an important part of Sri Lanka's economy, contributing 1.2% to GDP and providing employment and protein. Sri Lanka has over 1,100 miles of coastline and 10,000 square miles of continental shelf with fishing potential. Fishing was hampered in northern and eastern provinces due to conflict but is expected to revive with peace. The document then discusses sport fishing opportunities for various species like tuna, marlin, sailfish and inland trout fishing in Nuwara Eliya. It provides details on common fish species, prices at local markets, and classifications of passive and active fishing gears used in Sri Lanka like gillnets, hooks and lines, and pots/traps.
The accessibility of fish in the market relies upon the interest and supply of fish in the market transport and communication facilities and period of catch and culture of fish. A total of 26 fish species such types Indian major carp, catfish, exotic carp etc are available in the market. From the study it was observed that the dominant portion of the market following carp 50%, shrimp & prawn 20%, catfish 8%, Tilapia 10% and other species 12% represented species. Carp fishes were dominant in the studied market because of the market location where carp species are cultured very much. It also observed that Rui, Catla, kalibaus, mrigal, minor carp,common carp,silver carp,grass carp, bighead carp ,pangas, tilapia, bagda and galda were most available in the market because of those species has the highest demand in the market. Fish marketing channel in fish market completely managed, supported, financed and controlled with rules by traditional, diligent and skillful middlemen. The present study it was observed the (faria) carried the fish from fish farmers to the markets by their own or hired transport and sell them to aratdars or the fish farmers carried their catches sell them to aratdars and sell it to wholesalers. Farmer/fishermen also sell directly to the wholesaler. In a very rare case, farmers carry the fishes to the markets and sell them to the retailers or consumer. Several problem of fisherman and consideration sanitation, water supply, hygienic condition, drainage facilities and insufficient ice facilities all over the fish market and there are lack of preservation facilities & shortage of ice supply are in turn affects the quality of fish. The fish farmer’s education background is not satisfactory because five farmers asked them education level to four farmers were up to the eight grade and one person was passed B.Com whose name is Tapas Sarkar.
Studies on the age, growth and mortality rates of indian oil sardine, sardine...Alexander Decker
This study analyzed the age, growth, and mortality rates of the Indian oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps) off the coast of Muscat, Oman using length frequency data collected from 2008-2009. The asymptotic length was estimated to be 220.3 mm, the growth coefficient was 1.209 yr-1, and the lifespan was approximately 2 years. Total, natural, and fishing mortality rates were 4.11 yr-1, 2.21 yr-1, and 1.91 yr-1 respectively. The exploitation rate was 0.46, suggesting the stock level was below optimum exploitation. Management efforts should focus on protecting spawning areas and increasing fishing effort to a sustainable level of exploitation over
Final Report (TCP/RLA/0069)
Development of Standards for the Construction and Inspection of Fishing Vessels
Final Report TCP/RLA/0069 http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/final-report-of-project-57610513
Annex I http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/annex-i-57610511
Annex II http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/annex-ii-57610508
Annex III http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/annex-iii
Annex IV http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/annex-iv-57610500
Annex V http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/annex-v-57610497
Annex VI http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/annex-vi-57610495
Schedule 1 http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/schedule-1-57610492
Schedule 2 http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/schedule-2-57610486
Schedule 3 http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/schedule-3-57610481
Schedule 4 http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/schedule-4-57610477
Schedule 5 http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/schedule-5-57610474
Schedule 6 http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/schedule-6-57610470
Schedule 7 http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/schedule-7-57610465
Schedule 8 http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/schedule-8-57610456
Schedule 9 http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/schedule-9-57610450
Schedule 10 http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/schedule-10-57610439
Schedule 11 http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/schedule-11-57610431
Annex VII http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/annex-vii-57610416
Annex VIII http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/annex-viii-57610410
Annex IX http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/annex-ix-57610400
Annex X http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/annex-x-57610393
Annex XI http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/annex-xi-57610383
Fishery resources in Myanmar’s waters are typical of southeast Asia. There are large quantities of fish and shrimp in the EEZ. The unpolluted sea along the Rakhine and Tanintharyi coasts is ideal for pearl culture. Myanmar pearls are internationally known for their quality.
This document provides information on deep sea fisheries of India, including:
1. It discusses the history of deep sea fishing in India dating back to the 1970s and laws/policies governing deep sea fishing.
2. It describes some key deep sea fishery resources of India including oceanic tuna, oceanic sharks, and deep sea shellfish. Several species are highlighted for each category.
3. Production details are given for oceanic tuna, where landings have been negligible but are being targeted through new programs, and for sharks, where landings in 2016 were around 52,840 tons.
The fisheries sector is an important part of Sri Lanka's economy, contributing 1.2% to GDP and providing employment and protein. Sri Lanka has over 1,100 miles of coastline and 10,000 square miles of continental shelf with fishing potential. Fishing was hampered in northern and eastern provinces due to conflict but is expected to revive with peace. The document then discusses sport fishing opportunities for various species like tuna, marlin, sailfish and inland trout fishing in Nuwara Eliya. It provides details on common fish species, prices at local markets, and classifications of passive and active fishing gears used in Sri Lanka like gillnets, hooks and lines, and pots/traps.
The accessibility of fish in the market relies upon the interest and supply of fish in the market transport and communication facilities and period of catch and culture of fish. A total of 26 fish species such types Indian major carp, catfish, exotic carp etc are available in the market. From the study it was observed that the dominant portion of the market following carp 50%, shrimp & prawn 20%, catfish 8%, Tilapia 10% and other species 12% represented species. Carp fishes were dominant in the studied market because of the market location where carp species are cultured very much. It also observed that Rui, Catla, kalibaus, mrigal, minor carp,common carp,silver carp,grass carp, bighead carp ,pangas, tilapia, bagda and galda were most available in the market because of those species has the highest demand in the market. Fish marketing channel in fish market completely managed, supported, financed and controlled with rules by traditional, diligent and skillful middlemen. The present study it was observed the (faria) carried the fish from fish farmers to the markets by their own or hired transport and sell them to aratdars or the fish farmers carried their catches sell them to aratdars and sell it to wholesalers. Farmer/fishermen also sell directly to the wholesaler. In a very rare case, farmers carry the fishes to the markets and sell them to the retailers or consumer. Several problem of fisherman and consideration sanitation, water supply, hygienic condition, drainage facilities and insufficient ice facilities all over the fish market and there are lack of preservation facilities & shortage of ice supply are in turn affects the quality of fish. The fish farmer’s education background is not satisfactory because five farmers asked them education level to four farmers were up to the eight grade and one person was passed B.Com whose name is Tapas Sarkar.
Studies on the age, growth and mortality rates of indian oil sardine, sardine...Alexander Decker
This study analyzed the age, growth, and mortality rates of the Indian oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps) off the coast of Muscat, Oman using length frequency data collected from 2008-2009. The asymptotic length was estimated to be 220.3 mm, the growth coefficient was 1.209 yr-1, and the lifespan was approximately 2 years. Total, natural, and fishing mortality rates were 4.11 yr-1, 2.21 yr-1, and 1.91 yr-1 respectively. The exploitation rate was 0.46, suggesting the stock level was below optimum exploitation. Management efforts should focus on protecting spawning areas and increasing fishing effort to a sustainable level of exploitation over
Final Report (TCP/RLA/0069)
Development of Standards for the Construction and Inspection of Fishing Vessels
Final Report TCP/RLA/0069 http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/final-report-of-project-57610513
Annex I http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/annex-i-57610511
Annex II http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/annex-ii-57610508
Annex III http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/annex-iii
Annex IV http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/annex-iv-57610500
Annex V http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/annex-v-57610497
Annex VI http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/annex-vi-57610495
Schedule 1 http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/schedule-1-57610492
Schedule 2 http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/schedule-2-57610486
Schedule 3 http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/schedule-3-57610481
Schedule 4 http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/schedule-4-57610477
Schedule 5 http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/schedule-5-57610474
Schedule 6 http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/schedule-6-57610470
Schedule 7 http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/schedule-7-57610465
Schedule 8 http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/schedule-8-57610456
Schedule 9 http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/schedule-9-57610450
Schedule 10 http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/schedule-10-57610439
Schedule 11 http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/schedule-11-57610431
Annex VII http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/annex-vii-57610416
Annex VIII http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/annex-viii-57610410
Annex IX http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/annex-ix-57610400
Annex X http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/annex-x-57610393
Annex XI http://www.slideshare.net/safetyforfishermen/annex-xi-57610383
Fishery resources in Myanmar’s waters are typical of southeast Asia. There are large quantities of fish and shrimp in the EEZ. The unpolluted sea along the Rakhine and Tanintharyi coasts is ideal for pearl culture. Myanmar pearls are internationally known for their quality.
This document provides information on deep sea fisheries of India, including:
1. It discusses the history of deep sea fishing in India dating back to the 1970s and laws/policies governing deep sea fishing.
2. It describes some key deep sea fishery resources of India including oceanic tuna, oceanic sharks, and deep sea shellfish. Several species are highlighted for each category.
3. Production details are given for oceanic tuna, where landings have been negligible but are being targeted through new programs, and for sharks, where landings in 2016 were around 52,840 tons.
This study assessed water quality in three rivers flowing into Manado Bay in Indonesia. Water samples were collected from stations along each river during dry and wet seasons and analyzed for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nutrients, bacteria, total mercury, and other pollutants. The results showed pollution from urban wastewater and agricultural runoff, with high levels of bacteria and organic waste. This poor water quality threatens Manado Bay and local fisheries and tourism. Improved wastewater management is needed to mitigate pollution in the rivers and bay.
This document summarizes a study on the accumulation of mercury in marine biota in Buyat Bay, Indonesia. The study found mercury in all sampled organisms, with concentrations varying by species and trophic level. Mercury concentrations were lowest in primary producers like seaweed and sea grass, and highest in carnivorous fish like the honeycomb grouper, with levels over 350 parts per billion. The results indicate biomagnification of mercury up the food chain, especially in the form of methylmercury, the most toxic and bioaccumulative form, posing risks to human health.
The attachment force of the snail Littoraria scabra was measured when exposed to water-soluble fractions (WSF) of lubricant oil at different concentrations and durations. Higher concentrations and longer exposures reduced the snail's ability to attach to surfaces. This was likely due to increased mucus production draining the snail's energy reserves. Statistical analysis found the WSF significantly reduced attachment force and endurance at concentrations of 0.8 ppm or more after 4 hours of exposure.
This document summarizes an introductory presentation on Android. The presentation covers the brief history of Android, why Android was developed as an open source platform, what comprises the Android software stack, how Android applications are developed and run, and resources for Android developers. The target audience is programmers new to Android development.
The document summarizes the participation of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in managing coastal communities in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. NGOs play a key role in facilitating bottom-up coastal zone management by working with local communities and governments. Their activities include establishing community information centers, improving fishermen's incomes, developing environmental education programs in schools, and conducting coastal conservation projects like mangrove replanting and coral reef cleaning. As a result of NGO participation, local villages have established regulations to better manage coastal resources in a sustainable manner.
Deskstudy2005 Bycatch in Indonesian fisheriesLida Pet
This document provides an overview of bycatch in Indonesian fisheries. It discusses that bycatch is a global issue for fisheries, estimating that 18-40 million tons of unintended catch are discarded annually worldwide. For Indonesian fisheries specifically, the document notes that trawl fishing in the Arafura Sea has an average 80% bycatch rate, including sea turtles and dugongs, though most is discarded. It also discusses bycatch issues for other Indonesian fishing gears like longlines, gillnets, and seines. The document concludes by outlining some efforts in Indonesia to mitigate bycatch, such as gear modifications, closed areas/seasons, and capacity building programs for safe turtle release.
Marine Fisheries in Tanzania - Jiddawi NS and Öhman MC (2002)Marcus C
Small-scale artisanal fisheries account for the majority of fish caught in Tanzania by over 43,000 fishermen operating along the coastline and islands. A wide variety of fishing techniques and gears are used to catch over 500 species of reef fish, which are important for both subsistence and export. However, destructive fishing practices threaten fishery resources while limited research has been conducted, indicating a need for improved fisheries management.
The State of Kerala is abundantly rich with marine,
brackish water and fresh water resources. These water
bodies are inhabited by a wide variety of aquatic fauna &
flora and the State occupies one of the foremost positions
in the aquatic biodiversity. The long coastline and the
extensive inland waters of the State have brought people
belonging to different ethnic groups in contact with fishing
Determination of Cesium 137 and Cesium-134 radioactivity levels in fish consu...chavinperera
This document summarizes a study that measured levels of radioactive cesium-134 and cesium-137 in various fish samples from Sri Lanka following the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident in Japan. The study found trace amounts of cesium-137 in some marine fish but no detectable radioactive isotopes in freshwater fish. Two canned fish samples showed low levels of cesium-134 and cesium-137, indicating possible contamination from the Fukushima accident. However, all measured radioactivity levels were below Sri Lankan regulatory limits. The study concludes it is important to continue monitoring fish consumed in Sri Lanka for potentially harmful accumulation of radioactivity over time.
The area of the sea south of Cape Comorin has been generally known as the 'Wadge Bank'.
The area has been defined by the Fishery Survey of India (F. S. I) as that part of the sea bed between 76°. 30'E to 78°.00 E Long, and07°.00 to 8°. 20' N Lat.
The area is about 4000 Sq. Miles in area
The area of the sea south of Cape Comorin has been generally known as the 'Wadge Bank'.
The area has been defined by the Fishery Survey of India (F. S. I) as that part of the sea bed between 76°. 30'E to 78°.00 E Long, and07°.00 to 8°. 20' N Lat.
The area is about 4000 Sq. Miles in area
The area of the sea south of Cape Comorin has been generally known as the 'Wadge Bank'.
The area has been defined by the Fishery Survey of India (F. S. I) as that part of the sea bed between 76°. 30'E to 78°.00 E Long, and07°.00 to 8°. 20' N Lat.
The area is about 4000 Sq. Miles in area
The document summarizes the animal diversity found on Saint Martin Island in Bangladesh. It discusses 18 different species representing 4 phyla: Chordata, Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Chordata. For each species, it provides the scientific classification and 2-6 brief characteristics. The species described include fish (e.g. Rupchanda, Shurma, Loitta), birds (e.g. seagull), reptiles (e.g. turtle), amphibians (e.g. frog), and mammals (e.g. dogfish, ray fish). The document aims to catalog the variety of wildlife that inhabits Saint Martin Island.
exploitation of living resources in Antarctica example of competition between the exploiters to be first in obtaining the maximum profit from living resources.
This document discusses overexploitation of wild fish stocks. It begins by explaining different types of overfishing including growth overfishing, recruitment overfishing, and ecosystem overfishing. It then provides examples of overexploited fish stocks in India like oil sardine, Indian mackerel, and Bombay duck. Studies on fish stock status in Karnataka and Kerala are mentioned, identifying certain species as depleted or declining. The document concludes by discussing the negative impacts of overexploitation, and some potential solutions like establishing marine protected areas and implementing fishing quotas.
The document discusses the Indian mackerel species Rastrelliger kanagurta. It is found along coastal regions in the Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean. R. kanagurta contributes over 95% of total mackerel catch in Indian waters. It is a pelagic fish that travels in large shoals and feeds on plankton. The mackerel fishery is an important industry for India, though conservation efforts are needed to prevent overfishing of juveniles.
The document summarizes research on the trawl fishery of juvenile fishes in Karnataka, India and its impact on fish stocks. It finds that trawling catches significant quantities of juvenile fish, especially Nemipterus mesoprion and threadfin breams. An estimated 27.8% of the total trawl catch at main landing centers in Karnataka consists of low-value fish and juveniles. Catches of juvenile groupers, seerfishes, and Epinephelus diacanthus were especially high. The study estimates that reducing juvenile fishing could increase fish yields by 7-20% and revenues by 23-29% for important commercial species. It recommends using spatial and temporal catch data
This document provides a case study on the impacts of illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing in the Sulawesi Sea. It finds that IUU fishing activities in the region significantly impact the fisheries and economies of Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. IUU fishing is estimated to account for about a third of the total annual value of marine fisheries in the Sulawesi Sea. The main IUU fishing activities include fishing without licenses, use of destructive gear, and underreporting of catches. Strengthening cooperation between the three countries is seen as key to more effectively addressing IUU fishing in the ecologically diverse and economically important waters of the Sulawesi Sea.
Hey everyone this article here is my research work which I did during my first year of university, which captures the work and impact of trawl fishing in mahanadi and its estuaries. hope you like it :)
Apo Reef Natural Park is a protected marine area located off the coast of Occidental Mindoro, Philippines. It consists of three islands covering a total area of 27,469 hectares, including a 15,763 hectare marine area. The park supports diverse ecosystems like mangroves, beaches, and coral reefs which are home to over 385 fish species and threatened species like sea turtles and dolphins. Visitor numbers and revenues have been increasing in recent years, demonstrating the park's potential for ecotourism through activities such as scuba diving, snorkeling, and bird watching.
From IUU forward: Better Fishing Practice for Mixed Bottomfish Fisheryfishersforum
This document summarizes Sea Delight's efforts to improve sustainability practices in a mixed bottomfish fishery in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. It describes working with WWF to identify issues like illegal fishing methods and engage stakeholders. Sea Delight now has policies against practices like blast/cyanide fishing and trade of endangered species. Supply chain participants were identified and logbook systems track landings. While fishing pressure views differ, continued data collection and management may help determine fishery status.
This report provides an overview of opportunities in Indonesia's fisheries and aquaculture sectors for Norwegian suppliers of sustainable marine solutions. Indonesia has significant natural advantages for developing these sectors, including over 81,000 km of coastline and abundant aquatic resources. However, challenges include overexploitation of some resources as well as lack of infrastructure for transportation, storage, and processing. The report identifies several areas for potential cooperation between Indonesia and Norway, such as demonstration projects showcasing new technologies and sharing best practices for sustainable development. It also discusses the Indonesian market environment and recommendations for Norwegian companies to partner with local businesses and learn from each other.
This study assessed water quality in three rivers flowing into Manado Bay in Indonesia. Water samples were collected from stations along each river during dry and wet seasons and analyzed for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nutrients, bacteria, total mercury, and other pollutants. The results showed pollution from urban wastewater and agricultural runoff, with high levels of bacteria and organic waste. This poor water quality threatens Manado Bay and local fisheries and tourism. Improved wastewater management is needed to mitigate pollution in the rivers and bay.
This document summarizes a study on the accumulation of mercury in marine biota in Buyat Bay, Indonesia. The study found mercury in all sampled organisms, with concentrations varying by species and trophic level. Mercury concentrations were lowest in primary producers like seaweed and sea grass, and highest in carnivorous fish like the honeycomb grouper, with levels over 350 parts per billion. The results indicate biomagnification of mercury up the food chain, especially in the form of methylmercury, the most toxic and bioaccumulative form, posing risks to human health.
The attachment force of the snail Littoraria scabra was measured when exposed to water-soluble fractions (WSF) of lubricant oil at different concentrations and durations. Higher concentrations and longer exposures reduced the snail's ability to attach to surfaces. This was likely due to increased mucus production draining the snail's energy reserves. Statistical analysis found the WSF significantly reduced attachment force and endurance at concentrations of 0.8 ppm or more after 4 hours of exposure.
This document summarizes an introductory presentation on Android. The presentation covers the brief history of Android, why Android was developed as an open source platform, what comprises the Android software stack, how Android applications are developed and run, and resources for Android developers. The target audience is programmers new to Android development.
The document summarizes the participation of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in managing coastal communities in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. NGOs play a key role in facilitating bottom-up coastal zone management by working with local communities and governments. Their activities include establishing community information centers, improving fishermen's incomes, developing environmental education programs in schools, and conducting coastal conservation projects like mangrove replanting and coral reef cleaning. As a result of NGO participation, local villages have established regulations to better manage coastal resources in a sustainable manner.
Deskstudy2005 Bycatch in Indonesian fisheriesLida Pet
This document provides an overview of bycatch in Indonesian fisheries. It discusses that bycatch is a global issue for fisheries, estimating that 18-40 million tons of unintended catch are discarded annually worldwide. For Indonesian fisheries specifically, the document notes that trawl fishing in the Arafura Sea has an average 80% bycatch rate, including sea turtles and dugongs, though most is discarded. It also discusses bycatch issues for other Indonesian fishing gears like longlines, gillnets, and seines. The document concludes by outlining some efforts in Indonesia to mitigate bycatch, such as gear modifications, closed areas/seasons, and capacity building programs for safe turtle release.
Marine Fisheries in Tanzania - Jiddawi NS and Öhman MC (2002)Marcus C
Small-scale artisanal fisheries account for the majority of fish caught in Tanzania by over 43,000 fishermen operating along the coastline and islands. A wide variety of fishing techniques and gears are used to catch over 500 species of reef fish, which are important for both subsistence and export. However, destructive fishing practices threaten fishery resources while limited research has been conducted, indicating a need for improved fisheries management.
The State of Kerala is abundantly rich with marine,
brackish water and fresh water resources. These water
bodies are inhabited by a wide variety of aquatic fauna &
flora and the State occupies one of the foremost positions
in the aquatic biodiversity. The long coastline and the
extensive inland waters of the State have brought people
belonging to different ethnic groups in contact with fishing
Determination of Cesium 137 and Cesium-134 radioactivity levels in fish consu...chavinperera
This document summarizes a study that measured levels of radioactive cesium-134 and cesium-137 in various fish samples from Sri Lanka following the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident in Japan. The study found trace amounts of cesium-137 in some marine fish but no detectable radioactive isotopes in freshwater fish. Two canned fish samples showed low levels of cesium-134 and cesium-137, indicating possible contamination from the Fukushima accident. However, all measured radioactivity levels were below Sri Lankan regulatory limits. The study concludes it is important to continue monitoring fish consumed in Sri Lanka for potentially harmful accumulation of radioactivity over time.
The area of the sea south of Cape Comorin has been generally known as the 'Wadge Bank'.
The area has been defined by the Fishery Survey of India (F. S. I) as that part of the sea bed between 76°. 30'E to 78°.00 E Long, and07°.00 to 8°. 20' N Lat.
The area is about 4000 Sq. Miles in area
The area of the sea south of Cape Comorin has been generally known as the 'Wadge Bank'.
The area has been defined by the Fishery Survey of India (F. S. I) as that part of the sea bed between 76°. 30'E to 78°.00 E Long, and07°.00 to 8°. 20' N Lat.
The area is about 4000 Sq. Miles in area
The area of the sea south of Cape Comorin has been generally known as the 'Wadge Bank'.
The area has been defined by the Fishery Survey of India (F. S. I) as that part of the sea bed between 76°. 30'E to 78°.00 E Long, and07°.00 to 8°. 20' N Lat.
The area is about 4000 Sq. Miles in area
The document summarizes the animal diversity found on Saint Martin Island in Bangladesh. It discusses 18 different species representing 4 phyla: Chordata, Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Chordata. For each species, it provides the scientific classification and 2-6 brief characteristics. The species described include fish (e.g. Rupchanda, Shurma, Loitta), birds (e.g. seagull), reptiles (e.g. turtle), amphibians (e.g. frog), and mammals (e.g. dogfish, ray fish). The document aims to catalog the variety of wildlife that inhabits Saint Martin Island.
exploitation of living resources in Antarctica example of competition between the exploiters to be first in obtaining the maximum profit from living resources.
This document discusses overexploitation of wild fish stocks. It begins by explaining different types of overfishing including growth overfishing, recruitment overfishing, and ecosystem overfishing. It then provides examples of overexploited fish stocks in India like oil sardine, Indian mackerel, and Bombay duck. Studies on fish stock status in Karnataka and Kerala are mentioned, identifying certain species as depleted or declining. The document concludes by discussing the negative impacts of overexploitation, and some potential solutions like establishing marine protected areas and implementing fishing quotas.
The document discusses the Indian mackerel species Rastrelliger kanagurta. It is found along coastal regions in the Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean. R. kanagurta contributes over 95% of total mackerel catch in Indian waters. It is a pelagic fish that travels in large shoals and feeds on plankton. The mackerel fishery is an important industry for India, though conservation efforts are needed to prevent overfishing of juveniles.
The document summarizes research on the trawl fishery of juvenile fishes in Karnataka, India and its impact on fish stocks. It finds that trawling catches significant quantities of juvenile fish, especially Nemipterus mesoprion and threadfin breams. An estimated 27.8% of the total trawl catch at main landing centers in Karnataka consists of low-value fish and juveniles. Catches of juvenile groupers, seerfishes, and Epinephelus diacanthus were especially high. The study estimates that reducing juvenile fishing could increase fish yields by 7-20% and revenues by 23-29% for important commercial species. It recommends using spatial and temporal catch data
This document provides a case study on the impacts of illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing in the Sulawesi Sea. It finds that IUU fishing activities in the region significantly impact the fisheries and economies of Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. IUU fishing is estimated to account for about a third of the total annual value of marine fisheries in the Sulawesi Sea. The main IUU fishing activities include fishing without licenses, use of destructive gear, and underreporting of catches. Strengthening cooperation between the three countries is seen as key to more effectively addressing IUU fishing in the ecologically diverse and economically important waters of the Sulawesi Sea.
Hey everyone this article here is my research work which I did during my first year of university, which captures the work and impact of trawl fishing in mahanadi and its estuaries. hope you like it :)
Apo Reef Natural Park is a protected marine area located off the coast of Occidental Mindoro, Philippines. It consists of three islands covering a total area of 27,469 hectares, including a 15,763 hectare marine area. The park supports diverse ecosystems like mangroves, beaches, and coral reefs which are home to over 385 fish species and threatened species like sea turtles and dolphins. Visitor numbers and revenues have been increasing in recent years, demonstrating the park's potential for ecotourism through activities such as scuba diving, snorkeling, and bird watching.
From IUU forward: Better Fishing Practice for Mixed Bottomfish Fisheryfishersforum
This document summarizes Sea Delight's efforts to improve sustainability practices in a mixed bottomfish fishery in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. It describes working with WWF to identify issues like illegal fishing methods and engage stakeholders. Sea Delight now has policies against practices like blast/cyanide fishing and trade of endangered species. Supply chain participants were identified and logbook systems track landings. While fishing pressure views differ, continued data collection and management may help determine fishery status.
This report provides an overview of opportunities in Indonesia's fisheries and aquaculture sectors for Norwegian suppliers of sustainable marine solutions. Indonesia has significant natural advantages for developing these sectors, including over 81,000 km of coastline and abundant aquatic resources. However, challenges include overexploitation of some resources as well as lack of infrastructure for transportation, storage, and processing. The report identifies several areas for potential cooperation between Indonesia and Norway, such as demonstration projects showcasing new technologies and sharing best practices for sustainable development. It also discusses the Indonesian market environment and recommendations for Norwegian companies to partner with local businesses and learn from each other.
The offshore fishery for large pelagic in Myanmar has initiated and developed gradually during the last decade, and is currently producing nearly 200 tons of fish per annum. The target species for thisfishery is Yellowfin tuna, even swordfish,marlin and sharks are caught as bycatch.
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Prospect on pelagic fisheries in northern Sulawesi, Indonesia
1. IIFET 2004 Japan Proceedings
Prospect on pelagic fisheries in northern Sulawesi, Indonesia
Farnis B. Boneka & Markus T. Lasut
Marine Biological Laboratory, Faculty of Fishery and Marine Science,
Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115 Indonesia, e-mail: farnis@lycos.com
ABSTRACT
Approximately 90 per cent of total catches in northern Sulawesi are pelagic fishes. About two-third of
them are large pelagic fish, such as tunas (Katsuwonus, Thunnus, Euthynnus). However the National
Assessment Stock Commission reported that availability of the large pelagic fishes in Sulawesi and
Maluku Sea is just about one-third of the total pelagic fish resources. Even in the last report the large
pelagic fishes in the region are indicating nearly overexploited. In contras, small pelagic fish such as
mackerel scads, travellies, sardine, needlefish, Indian mackerel, and flyingfish is less than 40 per cent of
the total allowable catch (TAC) exploited. Fishing activities on large pelagic fish by means of pole and
line, longline etc. are mainly conducted by fishing industries based in the area of Bitung. This situation
may give negative impact on fishing industries due to overexploitation of the large pelagic fish. To
maintain the current fishing industries, expansion in fishing fleets for large scale pelagic fisheries should
be reviewed. And in another hand, the small pelagic fishing industries should be developing in terms of
number of fleets and coverage area. As those small-pelagic fish industries are running by small-and
middle scale industries, and concentrated only in two market area in North Sulawesi (Bitung and
Manado), an infrastructure of fish storage for remote area in northern area such Sangihe and Talaud
Islands should be develop.
Introduction
In terms of quantity caught, pelagic fish resources play important role in the region. Pelagic fish
resources have been divided into two groups based on relative fish size which are somewhat
overlapping between them: (1) large pelagic fish such as tunas, skipjack tuna, esteem little tuna,
sharks, and (2) small pelagic fish, for instance, mackerel scads, trevallies, anchovies, sardinella,
needle fishes, Indian mackerel, yellow tailed scads, flying fish, etc.
Base on investment scale size, those can be divided into two categories: (1) large scale
commercial fishing, for instance pole and line fishing for skipjack and long line for other tunas,
(2) small scale commercial fishing with a wide variety of boat size and gear types such as purse
seine, small long-line, gill nets, hand-line. The term of large in north Sulawesi would be small
for foreign fleet standard, since the small means less than five hundreds million rupiah
investment (or about US $ 55 000).
Northern Sulawesi Province that is situated on the top of Sulawesi Island give advantages for the
local fisherman to cover Sulawesi Sea and Maluku Sea as the main fishing grounds. A total of
18.617 fishermen families in the northern Sulawesi Province (DPK 2004) are dominantly poor
subsistence fishermen. Recently small scale pelagic fisheries tend to blame authority for lacking
management control, in which there are many illegal foreign fleets invading their fishing ground,
and the increasing numbers of rumpons in the region. Those were assumed causing catch
declining on small scale fisheries (!). These issues make us interest to overview the pelagic
fishery resources and fishing pressure level based on Fisheries Division data and some technical
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2. IIFET 2004 Japan Proceedings
reports available. Thus, the objective of this paper is to share idea about the current pelagic
resource state and to find out the prospect of pelagic fisheries in north Sulawesi.
Current landings
Fisheries production of North Sulawesi Province derived from Fisheries Division data
summarized in Table 1. It shows that the production for last several years slightly fluctuates.
Approximately two-third of annual total catches is large pelagic fish, as a quarter is small pelagic
fish, and the rest demersalfish. This proportion, fairy stable for years, does not reflect the
proportion of the fish stock (or its availability in nature). High proportion of large pelagic fish is
indirectly governed by demand, particularly overseas market (discussed later). Demersal fishery
which is generally a small-scale commercial and subsistence, is fishing activities by drifting boat
with hook and lines, and by spears for coral fish and lobster.
Tunas (large pelagic fish) are mostly caught by pole and line, and long-line fleets. There are 45
vessels (out of 52 in north Sulawesi) with in board >30 GT documented Bitung; and 340 pole
and line fleets and 4857 long lines (including the small ones belong to small commercial scale
fisheries (DPK, 2003).
Table 1. Marine fish landed in northern Sulawesi
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year large pelagic fish (%) small pelagic fish (%) demersal (%) total (tons)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 120 928.6 (65.0%) 46 511.0 (25.0%) 18 604.4(10.0%) 186 044.0
2001 123 727.4 (67.30%) 44 952.9 (24.5 %) 15 181.3 (8.3%) 183 861.6
2002 129 667.5 (66.0 %) 59 249.5 (30.2 %) 7 322.0 (3.7 %) 196 239.0
2003 114 775.0 (63.0 %) 62 412.0 (34.0%) 5 133.0 (3.0 %) 183 320.1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Modified from: DPK 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001
Table 2 presents the fish composition and related main fishing gears used. Large pelagic fish is
mainly tuna fish group, composed of skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis, little tuna Euthynnus
affinis, big eye tuna Thunnus obesus, and various other tuna species. Skipjack tuna is the first
most important species (30.6% of total pelagic fish), with annual landings exceeding those of all
others. This species occur in surface feeding schools throughout the year, therefore it is helpful
in pole and line fishing. Skipjack tuna and tunas become also the day-hand-line fishery targets
by small scale fisheries.
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3. IIFET 2004 Japan Proceedings
Table 2. Catch composition of pelagic fish in northern Sulawesi. Main gear used PL=pole & line,
LL=long-lines, HL=hand-lines, PS=purse-seine, GN=gill-net, SN=surround net
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Marine fish local name landing (tons) (%) main gear
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Large pelagic fish
Skipjack, Katsuwonus pelamis Cakalang 57 883.0 30.6 PL
Tunas (mixing species) 45 096.9 23.9 LL, HL
Esteem little tuna, Euthynnus affinis Deho 24 504.8 13.0 HL, PS
Sharks (mixing species) Gorango 2 109.9 1.1 LL, HL
Others 72.9 0.04
Small pelagic fish
Mackerel scads, Decapterus macarellus Malalugis 44 174.3 23.4 PS
Trevallies, Selaroides leptolepis, Selar sp Tude 3 401.3 1.8 HL
Anchovies, Stolephorus indicus Teri 2 354.6 1.3 SN
Sardines, Sardinella sp Lehoma/ Lemuru 2 174.4 1.2 PS
Needle fishes, Hemirhamphus far Roa 1 616.1 0.8 PS
Indian mackerel, Rastrelliger kanagurta Kembung 723.2 0.4
Yellow tailed scad Lolosi 633.2 0.3 GN
Flying fish, Cypsilurus poecilopterus Antoni 513.0 0.3 GN
Others 3 659.4 1.9
Total 188 917, 0 100.0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Modified from: DKP 2003
The second component is mackerel scads, Decapterus macarellus (23.4% of the pelagic catches)
that is the principal target of north Sulawesi small purse-seine fisheries. Minor components
include anchovies, sardinella, needlefishes, Indian mackerel, yellow tailed scads, and flying fish.
Hand line fishing gear also used by small-scale fishery for catching mackerel scads and trevalies.
This fishery mainly takes place at nigh, by using light to illuminate an area around the boat.
Flying fish mostly are caught by monofilament gillnets with canoe boat operated at night. Pole
and line fishing fleets contributes to skipjack production as long-line fishing for tunas in north
Sulawesi.
Fish stock
Fish stock availability is synonym with the amount of fish present with range of the local fishery.
The major fishing grounds of the north Sulawesi’s fishermen are within the area of Sulawesi Sea
and Maluku Sea. National stock assessment commission (DKP 2002) reported the total number
allowable catch (TAC) and production as shown in Table 3. It shows that stock availability of
large pelagic fish in both Seas is less than that of small pelagic resources, or the large pelagic
fish just one-third of the TAC; but in terms of production it is just the other way around (Table
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4. IIFET 2004 Japan Proceedings
1). The exploitation degree level of small pelagic fish is still relatively low, 20.29 per cent in
Sulawesi Sea and 39.34 per cent in Maluku Sea. These resources mostly are exploited by small
commercial scale fisheries, which are mainly operated several miles from shore.
Table 3. Total allowable catch (TAC) and exploitation in Sulawesi Sea and Maluku Sea
(thousand tons).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Resources Sulawesi sea Maluku sea
TAC Production (%) TAC Production (%) Total
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Large pelagic fish 140, 21 153, 43 (109, 43%)* 85, 21 37, 46 (43, 96%) 225, 42
Small pelagic fish 307, 00 62, 45 (20, 29%) 303 119, 43 (39, 34%) 610, 00
Total 447, 21 388, 21 835, 42
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Modified from DKP 2002 * Over fishing
In Sulawesi Sea, the large fish indicated over fishing with exploitation level 109.43 per cent, but
in Maluku sea is still 43.96 per cent. Since the pelagic fishes are highly migratory fish, it could
be just takes such period of time to recovery, unless there is discrete population.
Over fishing on large pelagic fish in Sulawesi Sea is an interesting issue to find out. Some
question need to be answered, for example, Does the production (small) fluctuation as shown in
Table 1 relate with these issues? More research is needed to answer whether the increasing catch
has affect on availability of large pelagic fish in the area. Lack of CPUE and data of fleet
number entering to those areas is unlikely to give a speculate answer on that question.
There is also still a common assumption that pelagic population extend over much wider area
than are covered by north Sulawesi fishery; especially large pelagic fishes that are highly
migratory fish. Highly mobile large pelagic species may change their distribution in respond to
seasonal or environmental condition which eventually affects the fish availability in the region
Catch rates & other relating factors
Catch rates is catch per unit effort (CPUE) calculating by dividing the total annual landing by the
number of trip (a day) that the gear is used. Table 4 summarized average of CPUE of some
fishing gears in this area operated by small commercial scale fisheries. It shows also that purse
seine and long-line fisheries have better productivity than that of gillnet and hand lines.
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5. IIFET 2004 Japan Proceedings
Table 4. CPUE (Ton/trip) of some small commercial scale fishing gears for pelagic fish;
PS= purse seine, GN=gillnet, LL=Long line, HL= hand lines
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
No. Locations PS GN LL HL
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Melonguane/ Talaud 0.10 0.04 1.10 0.02
2. Tabukan/ Sangihe 0.80 0.05 1.20 0.02
3. Tagulandang 1.50 0.04 0.02
4. Likupang* 1.33 0.05 1.2 0.02
5. Belang* 1.44 0.05 1.2 0.06
6. Manado* 1.10 0.06 0.6 0.03
7. Kema* 1.30 0.05 - 0.10
8. Tombasian* 1.90 - - 0.03
9. Tombariri* 2.10 - - 0.04
10. Bitung* 1.00 0.01 - 0.04
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Source: Boneka et al (2002), *Paturusi et al (2002)
Small purse-seine fisheries are the most profitable small scale fisheries in the region. A total of
190 purse seine fleets operated in north Sulawesi, which are 120 units occur in mainland
(locations 4-10), 38 units in Biaro-Siau Tagulandang (islands close to mainland), 23 units in
Sangihe Is and 9 units in Talaud Islands (the most remote northern islands).
Numbers and its distribution in the region could be influenced by and infrastructure available,
local market capacity to absorb the catches, accessibility to overseas market. High population,
canning industries situated in Bitung and International airport in Manado may stimulate
increasing numbers of purse seine fleets and its efficiency in mainland and near by islands
(Biaro, Siau, and Tagulandang). But commercial fishing in Sangihe and Talaud Islands appear
to be left behind. Local marketing opportunities for Sangihe and Talaud fishermen are limited, as
might be expected in this isolated region. Each island has own small market. There is also poor
infrastructure available, even ice cube taking from Bitung, about 12-15 hours
Catch per unit effort (CPUE) is also commonly used also as an index of stock abundance. CPUE
in local fishery may decline if local fishing effort is so intense that most fish entering the local
area are caught. Thus, the resources in near shore around mainland would be overexploited since
the major fleets (63 per cent) are conducted there. However, Table 4 shows CPUE of purse seine
around mainland do not show less value than that of Sangihe and Talaud where are just small
number occur there. In another word, there is no indication of pelagic fish stock depletion.
Conclusion
There is no indication of over fishing for small pelagic fish. Small scale commercial fisheries
still have prospect to develop in term of fleet numbers and extend capability to cove wider area,
particularly to further north fishing ground. However, the expansion in fishing fleets for large
scale pelagic fisheries should be reviewed.
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6. IIFET 2004 Japan Proceedings
Acknowledgement
I would like to thank Prof. Yoshiaki Matsuda, President of JIFRS (Japan International Fisheries
Research Society) for financial support that makes possible this paper presented in IIFET 2004
Conference in Tokyo. Special thank also for referees who read and improve the draft of this
paper.
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