multiple sclerosis is an auto immune disease affecting the brain and spinal cord
Multiple sclerosis (MS) or disseminated sclerosis is characterized by chronic inflammation, demyelination, and scaring of the myelin sheath of the CNS. Myelin damage disrupts communication between your brain and the rest of your body. Ultimately, the nerves themselves may deteriorate, a process that's currently irreversible
The cause of multiple sclerosis is unknown. It is believed to be an autoimmune disease, in which the body's immune system attacks its own tissues.
Early Symptoms of MS
• Blurred or double vision
• Thinking problems
• Clumsiness or a lack of coordination
• Loss of balance
• Numbness
• Tingling
• Weakness in an arm or leg
No two people have exactly the same symptoms of MS.
You may have a single symptom, and then go months or years without any others. A problem can also happen just one time, go away, and never return. For some people, the symptoms become worse within weeks or months.
Common Symptoms of MS
These are the most common changes to the mind and body in someone with MS:
Unusual sensations: People with MS often say they feel a "pins and needles" sensation. They may also have numbness, itching, burning, stabbing, or tearing pains. About half of people with MS have these uncomfortable symptoms. Fortunately, they can be managed or treated.
Bladder problems: About 8 in 10 people have bladder problems, which can be treated. You may need to pee often, urgently, need to go at night, or have trouble emptying your bladder fully. Bowel problems, especially constipation, are also common.
Trouble walking: MS can cause muscle weakness or spasms, which make it harder to walk. Balance problems, numb feet, and fatigue can also make walking hard.
Dizziness: It's common to feel dizzy or lightheaded. You usually won't have vertigo, or the feeling that the room is spinning.
Fatigue: About 8 in 10 people feel very tired. It often comes on in the afternoon and causes weak muscles, slowed thinking, or sleepiness. It's usually not related to the amount of work you do. Some people with MS say they can feel tired even after a good night's sleep.
Muscle spasms: They usually affect the leg muscles. For about 40% of people they are an early symptom of MS. In progressive MS, muscle spasms affect about 6 in 10 people. You might feel mild stiffness or strong, painful muscle spasms.
Sexual trouble: These include vaginal dryness in women and erection problems in men. Both men and women may be less responsive to touch, have a lower sex drive, or have trouble reaching orgasm.
Speech problems: Sometimes MS can cause people to pause a long time in between words and have slurred or nasal speech. Some people also develop swallowing problems in more advanced stages of MS.
Motor neuron disease is a rare disease it doesn't have any cure here in this video I have tried playing what is mnd its types causes how to diagnose and its management plan
Multiple sclerosis: Introduction, Risk Factors, Diagnosis and TreatmentEnriqueAlvarez93
Introduction about Multiple Sclerosis.
Risk factors affect to Multiple Sclerosis.
When to Suspect Multiple Sclerosis.
Evaluation and Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis.
How to treatment of Multiple Sclerosis.
Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis with Monoclonal Antibody.
Here is very good and amazing presentation on Multiple sclerosis ..its about brain
read this carefully and work on this because the work on brain is very good for future research...
multiple sclerosis is an auto immune disease affecting the brain and spinal cord
Multiple sclerosis (MS) or disseminated sclerosis is characterized by chronic inflammation, demyelination, and scaring of the myelin sheath of the CNS. Myelin damage disrupts communication between your brain and the rest of your body. Ultimately, the nerves themselves may deteriorate, a process that's currently irreversible
The cause of multiple sclerosis is unknown. It is believed to be an autoimmune disease, in which the body's immune system attacks its own tissues.
Early Symptoms of MS
• Blurred or double vision
• Thinking problems
• Clumsiness or a lack of coordination
• Loss of balance
• Numbness
• Tingling
• Weakness in an arm or leg
No two people have exactly the same symptoms of MS.
You may have a single symptom, and then go months or years without any others. A problem can also happen just one time, go away, and never return. For some people, the symptoms become worse within weeks or months.
Common Symptoms of MS
These are the most common changes to the mind and body in someone with MS:
Unusual sensations: People with MS often say they feel a "pins and needles" sensation. They may also have numbness, itching, burning, stabbing, or tearing pains. About half of people with MS have these uncomfortable symptoms. Fortunately, they can be managed or treated.
Bladder problems: About 8 in 10 people have bladder problems, which can be treated. You may need to pee often, urgently, need to go at night, or have trouble emptying your bladder fully. Bowel problems, especially constipation, are also common.
Trouble walking: MS can cause muscle weakness or spasms, which make it harder to walk. Balance problems, numb feet, and fatigue can also make walking hard.
Dizziness: It's common to feel dizzy or lightheaded. You usually won't have vertigo, or the feeling that the room is spinning.
Fatigue: About 8 in 10 people feel very tired. It often comes on in the afternoon and causes weak muscles, slowed thinking, or sleepiness. It's usually not related to the amount of work you do. Some people with MS say they can feel tired even after a good night's sleep.
Muscle spasms: They usually affect the leg muscles. For about 40% of people they are an early symptom of MS. In progressive MS, muscle spasms affect about 6 in 10 people. You might feel mild stiffness or strong, painful muscle spasms.
Sexual trouble: These include vaginal dryness in women and erection problems in men. Both men and women may be less responsive to touch, have a lower sex drive, or have trouble reaching orgasm.
Speech problems: Sometimes MS can cause people to pause a long time in between words and have slurred or nasal speech. Some people also develop swallowing problems in more advanced stages of MS.
Motor neuron disease is a rare disease it doesn't have any cure here in this video I have tried playing what is mnd its types causes how to diagnose and its management plan
Multiple sclerosis: Introduction, Risk Factors, Diagnosis and TreatmentEnriqueAlvarez93
Introduction about Multiple Sclerosis.
Risk factors affect to Multiple Sclerosis.
When to Suspect Multiple Sclerosis.
Evaluation and Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis.
How to treatment of Multiple Sclerosis.
Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis with Monoclonal Antibody.
Here is very good and amazing presentation on Multiple sclerosis ..its about brain
read this carefully and work on this because the work on brain is very good for future research...
Supercharge your brain and ditch anxiety and depression for good!Patients Medical
Dr. Vivian DeNise of Patients Medical and Dr. Sandlin Lowe of The Amen Clinic New York explain the causes of anxiety and depression, the cutting-edge technology that can be used to diagnose deficiencies in the brain that cause these conditions and several non-invasive holistic medical approaches that we use to treat.
It contain what is myasthenia gravis and anatomy and physiology of brain, definition ,incidence, classification, causes and risk factors, pathophysiology, sign symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and managment.
People with ME/CFS and FM often suffer from cognitive impairment that can lead to brain fog, trouble word finding and more debilitating symptoms. In this class, you will understand the types of cognitive issues that commonly occur, possible causes, and how to implement strategies for improving cognitive function.
Compassionate patient care is at the heart of what we do.
We set the standard for excellence in patient care through early diagnosis and evidence-based precision medicine. We reject the current healthcare system’s model of 10 minute visits. That doesn’t work for our patients. Our patient care is methodical, in-depth and allows us to really understand an individual and their illness.
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
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The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
2. INTRODUCTION
The autoimmune disorders of nervous system can attack the CNS which
include brain and spinal cord ,or PNS consisting of nerves that connect the
CNS. Autoimmune nervous system disorders include Multiple sclerosis,
Myasthenia gravis, and Guillain - barre syndrome.
5. INCIDENCE
Onset occurs between 20-40 years of age.
Women are more affected than men. (AANN,2011).
Whites are more affected than Hispanics , blacks , or Asians
.
Most prevalent in colder climates of North America &
Europe.
Migration.
6. ETIOLOGY & RISK FACTORS
Exact cause is not known yet.
Most theories suggest that MS is an immune genetic viral
disease (with Epstein Barr virus).
Risk factors are: –
Age ( most of the time between 20-40 yrs.').
Sex (women have more chance).
Family history (genetic susceptibility).
Certain infections ( like Epsteinbarr virus)
7.
8. CONTI…
Climate (more in cold climate areas).
Certain auto-immune diseases (higher risks with thyroid
disease, type-1 DM or IBD).
Smoking.
Stress, fatigue.
Physical injury.
Pregnancy (may relating to stress to labour, or puerperium)
9. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Due to etiological factors
Activated T-cells (which recognize self Ag) expressed in CNS,
& Macrophages (B-cells) enters the brain from peripheral
circulation
Production of inflammatory cytokines & reactive O2 species
11. CONTI…
Causes scarring & destruction of sheath
Compensatory system starts causing subsidation of edema &
inflammation
After that some remyelination process occurs which is often
incomplete
Multiple sclerosis.
12. Clinical manifestation
The most common early symptoms of MS are:
Fatigue
Vision problems
Tingling and numbness
Vertigo and dizziness
Muscle weakness and spasms
Problems with balance and coordination
13.
14. CONTI…
Other, less common, symptoms include:
Speech and swallowing problems
Cognitive dysfunction
Difficulty with walking
Bladder and bowel dysfunction
Sexual dysfunction
Mood swings, depression
15. TYPES
The course of illness varies from person to person.
The 4 clinical patterns (types) have been
16. CONTI…
1. Relapsing
remitting MS (most common initial pattern):
Episodes of acute worsening with recovery and a
stable course between relapse.
18. CONTI…
3) Secondary progressive MS:
Gradual neurologic deterioration with or without
superimposed acute relapses in a client who
previously had relapsing remiting MS.
20. CONTI…
4. Progressive relapsing MS:
Gradual neurologic deterioration from the onset of
manifestations but with sub-sequent superimposed
relapses
21. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
There is no definitive test for MS
Detailed history of episodes of neurologic
dysfunction
Physical examination
22. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
No exact cure.
Aim is to prevent or postpone the long term
disability (often evolves slowly over many years).
The treatment falls into 3 categories:-
1. Treatment of acute relapses.
2. Treatment aimed at disease management.
3. Symptomatic treatment.
23. CONTI…
1. Treatment of acute relapse:-
Corticosteroid therapy ( anti-inflammatory &
immune supressive property ) For example:
Methyl-prednisolone , (given I.V. or orally)
Azathioprine & cyclophosphamide (in severe
cases)
24. CONTI…
2) Treat exacerbations:- (treatment aimed at disease
management)
Interferon-Beta 1b - Betaseron, given subcutaneously.
(antiviral & immuno-regulatory) (for ambulatory clients
with relapsing –remitting)
Interferon Beta 1a - Avonex, (for treating replasing form
of MS).
Glatiramer acetate - Copaxane , (for relapsing re-emitting
MS).
25. CONTI…
3. Symptomatic treatment:-
For bladder dysfunction: - oxybutynin, propantheline.
For constipation: - psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid,
suppositories.
For fatigue: - amantadine, modafinil .
For spasticity: - baclofen, diazefen, dantrolone
26. CONTI…
For Tremor : - propanolol, phenobarbital,
clonazepam.
For dysesthesias & trigeminal neurolgia: -
carbamazepine, phenytoin, amitriptyline.
For dysesthesias: - Transcutaneous electrical
nerve stimulation (TENS) is also helpful.
28. CONTI…
4. Nutritional therapy:-
megavitamin therapy (cobalamin/vit. B12 and vit. C )
low fat diet.
high roughage diet (to relieve constipation)
5. Other therapies:- (to improve neurological functioning)
Physical and speech therapies.
Exercise.
Water exercise
29. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
Deep brain stimulation:- if other options have failed then a
device is implanted that stimulates an area of brain. (in case of
severe tremor in limbs).
Implantation of a drug catheter or pump: a catheter is placed in
lower spinal area to deliver a constant flow of drug like baclofen.
(in case of severe pain or spasticity).
30. NURSING MANAGEMENT
1. Nursing diagnosis: Fatigue related to increased energy needs as evidenced by facial
expression of client.
Intervention:
Keep the environment cool.
Provide mental support.
Plan for rest periods during the day.
Facilitate sleep by reducing night time interruption, noise, and light.
31. CONTI…
2. Nursing diagnosis: Impaired physical mobility related to weakness, contractures,
spasticity and ataxia as evidenced by pain in muscles and verbal experience.
Intervention:
Assess the degree of muscle spasticity.
Stretch muscles & perform ROM exercise.
Administer anti-spasmotics as ordered.
Position in neutral alignment.
Consult with doctor for splints.
32. CONTI…
3. Nursing diagnosis: Impaired elimination pattern related to immobility &
demyelination as evidenced by disturbed bowel movement.
Intervention:
Assess for normal bowel movement .
Administer suppository as adviced by physician.
Teach client to consume high fibre diet and 2000 ml of fluid.
33. Conti…
4. Nursing diagnosis: Impaired urinary elimination pattern related to bladder
dysfunction as evidenced by low output and acute pain.
Intervention:
Assess the skin for incontinance associated dermatitis with each voiding.
Maintain fluid intake of 2000ml /day.
Toilet every 2 hour .
Scan bladder for post void residual volume.
If PVR is more than 100ml , then catheterize.
34. CONTI…
5. Nursing diagnosis: Situational self esteeem, related to loss of
independence and fear of disability as evidenced by irritativeness and
facial expressions.
Intervention:
Assess for depression and any related treatment.
Assess for client’s problem solving strategies.
Evaluate client’s support system.
Provide experience that increase the client’ autonomy.
35. HEALTH EDUCATION
Multiple Sclerosis can effect a person's life. Lessthan
5% of people die from MS.
"Good nutrition; adequate rest; avoidance ofstress,
heat, and extreme physical exertion; and good
bladder hygiene may improve quality of life and
reduce symptoms." (The Gale Encyclopedia of
Medicine)
36. COMPLICATION
Muscle stiffness or spams
Paralysis , typically in the leg
Problems with bladder or sexual function
Mental changes , such as forget fulness or mood swings
Epilepsy
37. CONCLUSION
Multiple sclerosis is an Inflammatory disease that
attacks the brain and the spinal cord at different
time . The protective myelin is damaged , which
interferes with the conclusion of nerve impulses.