The document discusses different types of electric motors, including stepper, servo, and DC motors, along with their applications. It also covers the use of a motor driver IC (L293D) for controlling motor movements and provides code examples for programming motor functions using AVR. Essential motor commands and configurations for controlling direction and motion of a bot are included.

2. Electric motor: machine that converts electricity into a
mechanical motion (rotations).

3. Types of motors

4. MOTORS FOR ES
STEPPER MOTOR SERVO MOTOR DC MOTOR

5. TYPES OF
MOTORS
for ES
STEPPER MOTOR
- Control on every step
- Precise time and distance control
SERVO MOTOR
- Moves in fixed angles.
- Rotatory actuator that allows precise control of
angular position.
- Application: robotics, car windshield wiper.
DC MOTOR
- Power delivered is direct DC.
- Widely used for Line-O-Bot
- Application: small toys, disk drives.

6. Gear DC MOTOR

7. Internal structure of DC Motor

8. Internal structure of Stepper Motor

9. STEPPER
MOTOR
SERVO MOTOR
DC MOTOR
Task

10. MOTOR AND ITS PURPOSE
• Fans (starter)
• Laptops (fan inside the computer)
• Mobile phones (for vibrations)
• Printer carriage motor.
• Car- window.
DC Motors are used everywhere.

11. For current amplification, we require a motor
driver IC.
Problem

12. IC L293D
 It is a motor driver IC.
 It has internal clamp diodes
 Output current 600mA per channel.
Supply Voltage range of 4.5 V to 36 V.
 Dual Half H-Bridge Drive.

14. H-BRIDGE
1 0 CLOCKWISE
0 1 ANTI- CLOCKWISE
0 0 HALT
1 1 HALT

15. H-BRIDGE
1 0 CLOCKWISE
0 1 ANTI- CLOCKWISE
0 0 HALT
1 1 HALT

16. MOTOR MOVEMENTS

17. Moving the bot…..
MOTOR 1 MOTOR 2 MOVEMENT
10 01 FORWARD
10 00 SLIGHT RIGHT
10 10 SHARP RIGHT
00 01 SLIGHT LEFT
01 01 SHARP LEFT
01 10 BACKWARD

18. L R
Always look
from
OUTSIDE

19. 0 1 1 0 -- FORWARD

20. 0 0 1 0 -- LEFT

21. 0 1 0 0 -- RIGHT

22. LET’S ROTATE A MOTOR!!!...
#include<avr/io.h>
#include<util/delay.h>
int main(void)
{
DDRB=0b11111111; //port b is connected to L293D//
while(1)
{
PORTB=0b00000010; //clockwise logic//
_delay_ms(5000);
PORTB=0b00000000; //halt//
_delay_ms(5000);
PORTB=0b00000001; //anti-clockwise logic//
_delay_ms(5000);
PORTB=0b00000000; //halt//
_delay_ms(5000);
}
}

23. Lets Program the Motors…
#include<avr/io.h>
#include<util/delay.h>
int main(void)
{
DDRB=0b00001111;
while(1)
{
PORTB=0b00001001; //Move Forward
}
}

24. #include<avr/io.h>
#include<compat/deprecated.h>
#include<util/delay.h>
int main(void)
{
DDRB=0b00001111;
while(1)
{
PORTB=0b00001001; //Move Forward
_delay_ms(1000);
PORTB=0b00000110; //Move Backward
_delay_ms(1000);
}
}

25. Lets turn the bot…..
#include<avr/io.h>
#include<compat/deprecated.h> //bit level operations
#include<util/delay.h>
int main(void)
{
DDRB=ob00001111;
while(1)
{
PORTB=ob00001000; //Slight right turn
_delay_ms(1000);
PORTB=ob00001010; //Sharp right turn
_delay_ms(1000);
}}

26. Now take a left turn….
#include<avr/io.h>
#include<util/delay.h>
int main(void)
{
DDRB=0b00001111;
while(1)
{
PORTB=0b00000001; //Slight left turn
_delay_ms(1000);
PORTB=0b00000101; //Sharp left turn
_delay_ms(1000);
}

27. Thank U