This document discusses different theories of motivation. It begins by defining motivation as consisting of intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward a goal. It then outlines several needs theories including Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg's two-factor theory. Maslow's hierarchy proposes that lower level needs must be satisfied before higher level needs motivate. Herzberg's theory distinguishes between hygiene factors that prevent dissatisfaction and motivation factors that increase satisfaction. The document also discusses process theories including expectancy theory, which ties motivation to expectations of rewards, and goal setting theory, which proposes that specific, difficult goals improve performance through increased effort, attention, and persistence.