The document discusses motivation and motivational theories. It defines motivation as being traced to the Latin word "movere", meaning "to move". Motivation is goal-directed behavior that is based on individuals' needs, affected by motivating factors, and related to satisfaction. It is a complex process involving an individual's totality. Motivation affects performance levels and impacts employee turnover, absenteeism, and acceptance of organizational change. Common motivational theories discussed include Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory.