Motivation
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Motivation ERG MOTIVATION TECHNIQUES: CONTENT THEORIES PROCESS THEORIES MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY ALDERFER’S ERG THEORY
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Motivation
- 1. MANAGEMENT GROUP 1 | MOTIVATION
- 3. MOTIVATION DEFINITION CHARACTERISTIC DRIVE ENERGY ACTIVATED STATE that helps you achieve your goal. that pushes you to work hard that gives you the strength to get up and keep going - even when things are not going your way within a person -- that leads to -- goal directed behaviour
- 4. MOTIVATION DEFINITION • Any influence that triggers, directs or maintains behaviour • Research is based upon different variables that affect motivation Individual Differences Organizational Contexts Manager Behaviors
- 6. DEFINITION |DIFFERENCES | LIST CONTENT THEORIES & PROCESS THEORIES The study of motivation has created two major theoretical bodies of knowledge applicable to the design of employee or channel partner motivation programs: Content Theories and Process Theories. These theories have many applications for incentive program planners.
- 7. 7 Content Theories Process Theories explain why people have different needs at different times describe the processes through which needs are translated into behaviour
- 9. CONTENT THEORIES OF MOTIVATION MASLOW’S NEED HEIRARCHY Self- Actualization EsteemEsteem BelongingnessBelongingness SafetySafety PhysiologicalPhysiological Growth RelatednessRelatedness ExistenceExistence Motivators HygienesHygienes Need for Achievement Need forNeed for PowerPower Need forNeed for AffiliationAffiliation ALDERFER’S ERG THEORY HERZBERG’S THEORY MCCLELLAND’S LEARNED NEEDS
- 10. CONTENT THEORIES OF MOTIVATION MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY • Each individual has needs, or feelings of deficiency that drive their behavior • Once a need is satisficed, then it is no longer motivating • Needs are in a hierarchy that an individual moves up as they satisfy levels of needs
- 11. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS OF CONTENT THEORIES MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY • People have different needs at different times • Employers must offer employees a choice of rewards • But not rely too heavily on financial rewards Workers also have lower level needs
- 12. 12 MASLOW’S HIERARCHY PYRAMID OF NEEDS T BELONGINGNESS T SAFETY Self – Fulfilment needs Psychological Needs Basic Needs
- 13. 13 MASLOW’S THEORY OPPORTUNITIES FOR SATISFACTION
- 14. CONTENT THEORIES OF MOTIVATION ALDERFER’S ERG THEORY • ERG theory was developed by Clayton Alderfer. Alderfer proposed the ERG Theory to bring Maslow’s need hierarchy theory of motivation in synchronization with empirical research. • Alderfer advocated three need patterns of an individual as against five steps proposed by Maslow. • Alderfer recommended that all the needs may be operative at any one time. • If gratification of higher need is stifled, the desire to satisfy the lower level need may increase. • Alderfer recategorized Maslow’s hierarchy of needs into three simpler and broader classes of needs, which are ERG.
- 15. Existence Relatedness Growth CONTENT THEORIES OF MOTIVATION ALDERFER’S ERG THEORY Desires for physiological and material well-being Desires for satisfying interpersonal relationships. Desires for continued psychological growth and development
- 16. CONTENT THEORIES OF MOTIVATION ERG MODEL OF MOTIVATION
- 17. CONTENT THEORIES OF MOTIVATION DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION OF ALDERFER’S ERG THEORY
- 18. CONTENT THEORIES OF MOTIVATION MASLOW’S HIERARCHY VS. ERG THEORY
- 20. 20 PROCESS THEORIES OF MOTIVATION DEFINITION | TYPES Process theories of motivation … How people make choices to work hard or not. Choices are based on: Individual preferences. Types of process theories: Reinforcement Theory Expectancy Equity
- 21. POSITIVE REINFORCEMENTS NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT PUNISHMENT EXTINCTION & DRAWBACKS Decreases the frequency of a behavior through the contingent presentation of an unpleasant consequence. TYPES OF PROCESS THEORIES REINFORCEMENT THEORY Decreases the frequency of a behavior through the contingent removal of an pleasant consequence. Increases the frequency of a behavior through the contingent presentation of a pleasant consequence Increases the frequency of a behavior through the contingent removal of an unpleasant consequence.
- 22. TYPES OF PROCESS THEORIES EXPECTANCY THEORY Developed by Victor Vroom. Key expectancy theory variables: - Expectancy — belief that working hard will result in desired level of performance. - Instrumentality — belief that successful performance will be followed by rewards. - Valence — value a person assigns to rewards
- 23. TYPES OF PROCESS THEORIES EQUITY THEORY
- 24. 24 1 2 Procedural Justice - fairness issues concerning the methods, mechanisms, and processes used to determine outcomes 3 1 23 TYPES OF PROCESS THEORIES JUSTICE THEORY Distributive Justice - concerns the fairness of outcomes, includes equity theory Interactional Justice - concerns the way one is treated informally during procedures and distributions
- 25. 2525 PROCESS THEORIES OF MOTIVATION DEFINITION | TYPES Process theories of motivation … How people make choices to work hard or not. Choices are based on: Individual preferences. Available rewards. Possible work outcomes. Types of process theories: Reinforcement Theory , Expectancy, Equity, Justice Theory
- 28. MECHANICS OF THE GAME QUIZ BEE SPRINT 1. The coverage of the quiz bee includes all the discussed theories 2. All groups should participate in this activity. 3. A group shall decide a line – up for 10 questions (1 question / person) - No student must answer twice, unless a group lacks a member/s. - Not following instruction may lead to deduction of points ( - 5pts) - There will be three (3) components in the competition namely: Easy (2pts each), Medium (4pts each), Difficult (6pts each). 4. A member will run in front to answer the questions. The group will write their answers at the blank answer sheet here in front which we provided. 5. Questions can be seen in the questionnaires. If a member is already in front, he/ she is not allowed to look Tally Sheet
- 29. MANAGEMENT GROUP 1 | MOTIVATION ARELLANO, ALYRRA ASHLEY AWERAN, RUSSELL BIALA, BRYLE JAMES CANDELARIO, TRICIA VIOLETA DAVID, SAMM ERYL DELA CRUZ, ROMHEL MARCELO, DAISY