This document discusses the challenges of increasing hazard resilience in coastal communities in a changing world. It outlines trends like rising sea levels, changes in storm regimes, growing coastal populations and development, and loss of natural defenses that exacerbate coastal hazards. These trends point to the need to move beyond traditional approaches and work towards building community capacity to adapt to changing risks. The document argues that achieving true resilience requires embracing new ways of thinking that prioritize anticipating hazards, reducing vulnerabilities, and supporting long-term learning and change.
This document discusses approaches to natural resource management that incorporate disaster risk reduction. It provides an overview of a presentation on the topic, including discussing how disaster impacts are increasing due to factors like population growth and environmental degradation. It notes that vulnerability is exacerbated by poverty, disease, and other issues. The document then defines disasters and discusses factors that affect disaster impacts like poor land use planning and climate change. Finally, it discusses the need for holistic approaches that combine disaster risk reduction with other development efforts.
1) The AIACC project studied climate change adaptation across many developing world regions. A key lesson is to adapt to climate impacts now to avoid greater costs later ("a stitch in time saves nine").
2) Current climate hazards already cause significant damages, demonstrating an "adaptation deficit" that climate change will worsen if left unaddressed. Acting now can yield immediate benefits and enable longer-term adaptation.
3) Other important lessons include: integrating adaptation with development; increasing knowledge about climate risks and responses; strengthening institutions; protecting degraded natural resources; providing financial assistance; involving at-risk communities; and using place-specific adaptation strategies tailored to local conditions.
The document discusses analyzing socio-economic vulnerability to climate change. It provides an overview of existing methodologies for assessing vulnerability, including utilizing socio-economic data and existing scenario models. An example scenario model from California shows how vulnerability may differ across demographic groups and economic sectors under different flooding conditions. Key points are that a society's future vulnerability to climate change will differ from today's, and both wealthy and poor groups can be negatively affected by extreme weather.
Housing vulnerability, resilience and adaptation strategies to flood hazard a...Alexander Decker
This document discusses housing vulnerability and resilience to flooding in Shiroro, Nigeria. It explores the flood challenges faced by the community and their coping strategies. The research used qualitative methods like questionnaires and focus groups. Key findings include that people rely on local techniques and expertise to deal with flooding, which are often rudimentary. Given flooding will continue, the study recommends a comprehensive flood risk assessment and plans to better address the problem.
This slideshow highlights the first-ever multinational Eco-Audit of the Mesoamerican Reef.
The Eco-Audit evaluates efforts to protect and sustainably manage the region’s coral reefs, celebrates management success stories, and documents the extent to which recommended management actions have been implemented in Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico.
Visit wri.org/reefs to learn more about the World Resources Institute’s collaboration with the Healthy Reef Initiative to develop and implement the Eco-Audit of the Mesoamerican Reef.
People who live on dangerous places should move essayAmie Nevin
The document discusses the issue of people living in dangerous volcanic areas in developing countries. It notes that over 600 million people live in such areas, with 500 million of those in developing countries. Those living in poverty in developing countries face the greatest challenges, as they have the highest vulnerability and lowest capacity to cope with volcanic disasters due to poor infrastructure, development, and resources. While relocating communities away from danger is proposed by some as a solution, the document also discusses emerging approaches that aim to harness benefits of volcanoes to improve living conditions and reduce risks, allowing communities to remain in volcanic areas.
How a hazard event may turn into a disaster in the societyTarmin Akther
This document describes about hazard and disaster. Besides how hazard becomes a disaster and negatively affect in the society. Hazard is an incident which turns into a disaster in the long run.
Demography global warming and economic impact of climate changeCosty Costantinos
This document discusses the impacts of global warming and population growth on climate change and the environment. It notes that rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and sea level rise are negatively impacting populations around the world. Population growth is exacerbating these effects of climate change by increasing greenhouse gas emissions and limiting societies' ability to adapt. The economic costs of climate change are also increasing, with insurers warning that annual costs could reach $150 billion within a decade. Mainstreaming demographic and environmental policies is proposed to help address these challenges through sustainable development strategies.
This document discusses approaches to natural resource management that incorporate disaster risk reduction. It provides an overview of a presentation on the topic, including discussing how disaster impacts are increasing due to factors like population growth and environmental degradation. It notes that vulnerability is exacerbated by poverty, disease, and other issues. The document then defines disasters and discusses factors that affect disaster impacts like poor land use planning and climate change. Finally, it discusses the need for holistic approaches that combine disaster risk reduction with other development efforts.
1) The AIACC project studied climate change adaptation across many developing world regions. A key lesson is to adapt to climate impacts now to avoid greater costs later ("a stitch in time saves nine").
2) Current climate hazards already cause significant damages, demonstrating an "adaptation deficit" that climate change will worsen if left unaddressed. Acting now can yield immediate benefits and enable longer-term adaptation.
3) Other important lessons include: integrating adaptation with development; increasing knowledge about climate risks and responses; strengthening institutions; protecting degraded natural resources; providing financial assistance; involving at-risk communities; and using place-specific adaptation strategies tailored to local conditions.
The document discusses analyzing socio-economic vulnerability to climate change. It provides an overview of existing methodologies for assessing vulnerability, including utilizing socio-economic data and existing scenario models. An example scenario model from California shows how vulnerability may differ across demographic groups and economic sectors under different flooding conditions. Key points are that a society's future vulnerability to climate change will differ from today's, and both wealthy and poor groups can be negatively affected by extreme weather.
Housing vulnerability, resilience and adaptation strategies to flood hazard a...Alexander Decker
This document discusses housing vulnerability and resilience to flooding in Shiroro, Nigeria. It explores the flood challenges faced by the community and their coping strategies. The research used qualitative methods like questionnaires and focus groups. Key findings include that people rely on local techniques and expertise to deal with flooding, which are often rudimentary. Given flooding will continue, the study recommends a comprehensive flood risk assessment and plans to better address the problem.
This slideshow highlights the first-ever multinational Eco-Audit of the Mesoamerican Reef.
The Eco-Audit evaluates efforts to protect and sustainably manage the region’s coral reefs, celebrates management success stories, and documents the extent to which recommended management actions have been implemented in Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico.
Visit wri.org/reefs to learn more about the World Resources Institute’s collaboration with the Healthy Reef Initiative to develop and implement the Eco-Audit of the Mesoamerican Reef.
People who live on dangerous places should move essayAmie Nevin
The document discusses the issue of people living in dangerous volcanic areas in developing countries. It notes that over 600 million people live in such areas, with 500 million of those in developing countries. Those living in poverty in developing countries face the greatest challenges, as they have the highest vulnerability and lowest capacity to cope with volcanic disasters due to poor infrastructure, development, and resources. While relocating communities away from danger is proposed by some as a solution, the document also discusses emerging approaches that aim to harness benefits of volcanoes to improve living conditions and reduce risks, allowing communities to remain in volcanic areas.
How a hazard event may turn into a disaster in the societyTarmin Akther
This document describes about hazard and disaster. Besides how hazard becomes a disaster and negatively affect in the society. Hazard is an incident which turns into a disaster in the long run.
Demography global warming and economic impact of climate changeCosty Costantinos
This document discusses the impacts of global warming and population growth on climate change and the environment. It notes that rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and sea level rise are negatively impacting populations around the world. Population growth is exacerbating these effects of climate change by increasing greenhouse gas emissions and limiting societies' ability to adapt. The economic costs of climate change are also increasing, with insurers warning that annual costs could reach $150 billion within a decade. Mainstreaming demographic and environmental policies is proposed to help address these challenges through sustainable development strategies.
This presentation summarizes a sociology course on disaster risk, vulnerability, and reduction. The presentation is given by a group of 5 students and outlines the conceptual issues of disasters and risk, objectives of the course, major hazards in Bangladesh like floods and cyclones, and factors that determine risk such as hazards, exposure, and vulnerability. It also discusses risk identification and assessment, development/mitigation strategies, and concludes.
This document summarizes Vietnam's water-related disaster management strategies. It notes that Vietnam experiences various natural disasters annually, including storms, floods, droughts and landslides, which cause hundreds of deaths and billions of dollars in damages. The national strategy aims to minimize loss of life and economic costs through both structural measures like building dams and non-structural preparedness like early warning systems, training, and community education. Key government agencies coordinate prevention, response and recovery efforts at national and local levels to strengthen disaster resilience.
The document discusses integrating disaster risk reduction (DRR) approaches into microfinance practices in the Philippines. It notes that the Philippines is highly vulnerable to various natural hazards like typhoons and climate change impacts. Mainstreaming DRR into microfinance can help reduce clients' vulnerability and build community resilience by providing financial products and services tailored to local risks. This includes risk assessments, risk-reducing livelihood options, and building community preparedness and response capacity.
Resilience managing the risk of natural disasterBob Prieto
Resilience: Managing the Risk of Natural Disaster considers risk management strategies, risk identification methods, and pre- and post- event activities to minimize risk. Post-event recovery is a more widely understood field, as practitioners have a plethora of lessons learned from completed projects. Pre-event planning as a means of minimizing damage and downtime is a lesser developed field, and this book organizes both literature supported data and the authors’ anecdotal experiences into a framework for disaster management, spanning pre- and post- event.
This document discusses the projected impacts of sea level rise on coastal areas in the Caribbean. It finds that a 1-2 meter rise in sea levels would displace over 100,000 people in CARICOM nations and cause the loss of 1300 sq km of land. Critical infrastructure like roads and ports would be damaged. Mangrove forests and ecosystems would be destroyed, eliminating their services. The tourism-dependent economy would see losses of 14.8% of GDP and 12.9% of jobs. Adaptation strategies discussed include ecosystem-based approaches, managed retreat from coastal areas, and developing insurance programs.
The document discusses the spatial context of climate risk. It provides an overview of key concepts related to climate change adaptation and disaster risk management including earth system science frameworks, climate impacts, risk elements, exposure and vulnerability mapping, complexity and dynamics of systems, and limitations around data, nonlinearity and uncertainty. Specific topics covered include temperature rise patterns, increases in hot days and decreases in cold days, conceptual linkages between adaptation and disaster risk management, the spatial nature of exposure and risk, vulnerability at different scales, dynamics of vulnerability and risk over time, limitations around distinguishing slow onset from rapid onset events, and the need for spatial tools and critical thinking to address climate and disaster resilience challenges.
Vulnerability analysis and experience of vulnerability in indiaShubham Agrawal
This document discusses vulnerability analysis and experiences of vulnerability in India. It outlines several factors that contribute to vulnerability, including political, physical, economic, social and environmental factors. It then examines specific hazards India faces such as earthquakes, floods, droughts, cyclones, landslides, avalanches, forest fires, heat waves and industrial disasters. Major disasters in India's history are listed, with death tolls provided. The document concludes that preparedness, mitigation measures and organized response are key to reducing disaster risk.
CORE Group Fall Meeting 2010. Climate Change and Food Security: Implications for Sustaining Community Health. - Ilona Varallyay, Jennifer Yourkavitch, and Eric Sarriot, CEDARS
The document summarizes key points from the IPCC Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation (SREX Report). It discusses how extreme events are becoming more common and severe due to climate change. While climate models project further increases, vulnerability perspectives emphasize how social, economic, and environmental factors determine disaster risk. The SREX Report represents growing cooperation between disaster risk reduction and climate adaptation. Effective strategies address vulnerability and help with development in both the near and long term.
Disaster, Hazard, Types of Hazard (Natural and Man Made Hazards), and Vulnera...Jerome Bigael
This document defines key concepts related to disasters, including the definitions of "disaster" provided by the UNISDR and WHO. It discusses how disasters cause multidimensional impacts by disrupting communities and exceeding local response capacity. Disasters result from the combination of exposure to hazards, existing vulnerabilities, and insufficient coping capacity. The document outlines the three main types of hazards - natural, human-made, and socio-natural. It also defines and provides examples of vulnerability at different levels - physical/material, social/organizational, and attitudinal/motivational. The most vulnerable sectors are identified as farmers, urban poor, laborers, indigenous people, persons with disabilities, women, and children.
Disaster management report digital strategyCPA Australia
The document discusses CSIRO's research on digital technologies and services for disaster management. It focuses on 3D flood modelling and visualization, bushfire behavior modelling, and developing a Disaster Management Decision Support Platform. The research aims to help emergency managers better prepare for disasters by understanding hazards and predicting events through computational modeling of fluid dynamics and fires. The outcomes could improve response and recovery efforts.
The document summarizes the environmental effects of flooding in Nigeria using the 2012 flood as a case study. Some key points:
- The 2012 flood affected over 7 million people across 21-34 states, displacing over 2 million people. It caused widespread damage to infrastructure, settlements, farms and the environment.
- Environmental impacts included disrupted transportation, communication, drainage systems and aquatic life. Housing and agricultural lands were inundated. Health hazards like water pollution and diseases increased.
- NEMA (National Emergency Management Agency) intervened before, during and after the flood by issuing warnings, coordinating response efforts, providing relief supplies and supporting recovery activities with international partners like the UN.
- Long term impacts
This report analyzes how tidal flooding is expected to increase along the U.S. East and Gulf Coasts over the next 15-30 years due to rising sea levels. The analysis finds that over half of the 52 communities studied will experience over 25 flood days per year by 2030, up from only a few per year currently. Many communities will see flood frequencies triple or more. By 2045, tidal flooding could become almost daily in some locations. The increased flooding will disrupt communities by limiting access and damaging homes and businesses. Coastal communities need to start implementing adaptation measures and policies to build resilience against future flooding impacts.
The document summarizes rights-based participatory risk assessment and planning (RiPRAP) for hazards, which involves community members examining hazards, vulnerabilities, capacities, and impacts on human and children's rights. It describes assessing the nature, speed of onset, frequency, duration, and force of hazards. It also outlines assessing vulnerabilities of elements at risk like people, structures, facilities, livelihoods and the environment, and the causes of vulnerabilities. Tools for assessment include maps, walks, calendars and interviews. The progression of vulnerability from underlying causes to unsafe conditions is depicted. Assessments of community capacities in times of crisis are also summarized.
Community Adaptation to Flooding in a Changing Climate:
Municipal Officials’ Actions, Decision-Making, and Barriers. By Gretchen Gary and Shorna Allred, Cornell University, and Elizabeth LoGiudice, Allison Chatrchyan, Rosemarie Baglia, Theresa Mayhew,
Dianne Olsen, and Marilyn Wyman, Cornell Cooperative Extension.
In 2015, The Rockefeller Foundation collaborated with several partners to begin developing incentive-based mechanisms to address competition for freshwater, and to bring human water use back in balance with the water needs of freshwater ecosystems in order to build long-term resilience. The early solutions that emerged, and the wider lessons from the group’s work, are captured in this report.
The damaging effect of most common natural disaster flood can be minimized through the area risk assessment with the help of GIS technology and Remote Sensing techniques. With the help of Prayagraj district map and corresponding satellite images, some flood causing criteria raster layer, flood risk map can be obtained by multi-criteria evaluation approach AHP.
The document discusses disaster management and preparedness for cyclones. It outlines key elements at risk from cyclones like housing, crops, and infrastructure. Effective preparedness requires assessing vulnerabilities, planning response mechanisms, and educating the public. Response activities during a cyclone include evacuation, search and rescue, emergency relief, and expediting post-disaster rehabilitation and reconstruction. Preparedness aims to minimize losses by taking precautionary actions and ensuring timely emergency response.
The document provides an overview of disaster management for floods in India. It defines a disaster and flood, and classifies different types of natural and man-made disasters. It describes the four phases of disaster management: preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation. It outlines the public health impacts of floods and strategies for flood management in India, including both structural measures like embankments and non-structural measures like forecasting. It also discusses the development of disaster management in India over time and the roles of various agencies and civil engineers in flood management.
The document summarizes a presentation by Dr. Riyanti Djalante on urban disaster risk reduction. It provides an overview of her background and research interests, which include conceptual frameworks for hazards, risks, vulnerability and resilience. It then outlines key concepts related to disaster risk reduction and frameworks such as the Hyogo Framework and Sendai Framework. The presentation discusses how cities face increased disaster risks due to factors like population concentration, infrastructure development, and effects of climate change. It analyzes the risks cities face from hazards like flooding, earthquakes and storms. The presentation emphasizes the importance of understanding risk and implementing measures to strengthen urban resilience and disaster preparedness.
This document summarizes a presentation given to the Delray Beach City Commission about creating a resilient community in response to sea level rise and storm surge. The presentation discusses defining resilience as the ability to bounce back and improve after stresses. It provides data on historic and projected sea level rise for the area. Potential impacts of sea level rise are outlined, including coastal flooding, erosion, saltwater intrusion, and effects on infrastructure and the economy. Partners for creating resilience are identified at the regional, state, and federal levels. The presentation recommends starting a conversation in the community about resilience and forming a coastal hazards adaptation committee to gather information and evaluate policies. It suggests using scenario planning and public engagement to develop a long-term adaptation plan.
This presentation summarizes a sociology course on disaster risk, vulnerability, and reduction. The presentation is given by a group of 5 students and outlines the conceptual issues of disasters and risk, objectives of the course, major hazards in Bangladesh like floods and cyclones, and factors that determine risk such as hazards, exposure, and vulnerability. It also discusses risk identification and assessment, development/mitigation strategies, and concludes.
This document summarizes Vietnam's water-related disaster management strategies. It notes that Vietnam experiences various natural disasters annually, including storms, floods, droughts and landslides, which cause hundreds of deaths and billions of dollars in damages. The national strategy aims to minimize loss of life and economic costs through both structural measures like building dams and non-structural preparedness like early warning systems, training, and community education. Key government agencies coordinate prevention, response and recovery efforts at national and local levels to strengthen disaster resilience.
The document discusses integrating disaster risk reduction (DRR) approaches into microfinance practices in the Philippines. It notes that the Philippines is highly vulnerable to various natural hazards like typhoons and climate change impacts. Mainstreaming DRR into microfinance can help reduce clients' vulnerability and build community resilience by providing financial products and services tailored to local risks. This includes risk assessments, risk-reducing livelihood options, and building community preparedness and response capacity.
Resilience managing the risk of natural disasterBob Prieto
Resilience: Managing the Risk of Natural Disaster considers risk management strategies, risk identification methods, and pre- and post- event activities to minimize risk. Post-event recovery is a more widely understood field, as practitioners have a plethora of lessons learned from completed projects. Pre-event planning as a means of minimizing damage and downtime is a lesser developed field, and this book organizes both literature supported data and the authors’ anecdotal experiences into a framework for disaster management, spanning pre- and post- event.
This document discusses the projected impacts of sea level rise on coastal areas in the Caribbean. It finds that a 1-2 meter rise in sea levels would displace over 100,000 people in CARICOM nations and cause the loss of 1300 sq km of land. Critical infrastructure like roads and ports would be damaged. Mangrove forests and ecosystems would be destroyed, eliminating their services. The tourism-dependent economy would see losses of 14.8% of GDP and 12.9% of jobs. Adaptation strategies discussed include ecosystem-based approaches, managed retreat from coastal areas, and developing insurance programs.
The document discusses the spatial context of climate risk. It provides an overview of key concepts related to climate change adaptation and disaster risk management including earth system science frameworks, climate impacts, risk elements, exposure and vulnerability mapping, complexity and dynamics of systems, and limitations around data, nonlinearity and uncertainty. Specific topics covered include temperature rise patterns, increases in hot days and decreases in cold days, conceptual linkages between adaptation and disaster risk management, the spatial nature of exposure and risk, vulnerability at different scales, dynamics of vulnerability and risk over time, limitations around distinguishing slow onset from rapid onset events, and the need for spatial tools and critical thinking to address climate and disaster resilience challenges.
Vulnerability analysis and experience of vulnerability in indiaShubham Agrawal
This document discusses vulnerability analysis and experiences of vulnerability in India. It outlines several factors that contribute to vulnerability, including political, physical, economic, social and environmental factors. It then examines specific hazards India faces such as earthquakes, floods, droughts, cyclones, landslides, avalanches, forest fires, heat waves and industrial disasters. Major disasters in India's history are listed, with death tolls provided. The document concludes that preparedness, mitigation measures and organized response are key to reducing disaster risk.
CORE Group Fall Meeting 2010. Climate Change and Food Security: Implications for Sustaining Community Health. - Ilona Varallyay, Jennifer Yourkavitch, and Eric Sarriot, CEDARS
The document summarizes key points from the IPCC Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation (SREX Report). It discusses how extreme events are becoming more common and severe due to climate change. While climate models project further increases, vulnerability perspectives emphasize how social, economic, and environmental factors determine disaster risk. The SREX Report represents growing cooperation between disaster risk reduction and climate adaptation. Effective strategies address vulnerability and help with development in both the near and long term.
Disaster, Hazard, Types of Hazard (Natural and Man Made Hazards), and Vulnera...Jerome Bigael
This document defines key concepts related to disasters, including the definitions of "disaster" provided by the UNISDR and WHO. It discusses how disasters cause multidimensional impacts by disrupting communities and exceeding local response capacity. Disasters result from the combination of exposure to hazards, existing vulnerabilities, and insufficient coping capacity. The document outlines the three main types of hazards - natural, human-made, and socio-natural. It also defines and provides examples of vulnerability at different levels - physical/material, social/organizational, and attitudinal/motivational. The most vulnerable sectors are identified as farmers, urban poor, laborers, indigenous people, persons with disabilities, women, and children.
Disaster management report digital strategyCPA Australia
The document discusses CSIRO's research on digital technologies and services for disaster management. It focuses on 3D flood modelling and visualization, bushfire behavior modelling, and developing a Disaster Management Decision Support Platform. The research aims to help emergency managers better prepare for disasters by understanding hazards and predicting events through computational modeling of fluid dynamics and fires. The outcomes could improve response and recovery efforts.
The document summarizes the environmental effects of flooding in Nigeria using the 2012 flood as a case study. Some key points:
- The 2012 flood affected over 7 million people across 21-34 states, displacing over 2 million people. It caused widespread damage to infrastructure, settlements, farms and the environment.
- Environmental impacts included disrupted transportation, communication, drainage systems and aquatic life. Housing and agricultural lands were inundated. Health hazards like water pollution and diseases increased.
- NEMA (National Emergency Management Agency) intervened before, during and after the flood by issuing warnings, coordinating response efforts, providing relief supplies and supporting recovery activities with international partners like the UN.
- Long term impacts
This report analyzes how tidal flooding is expected to increase along the U.S. East and Gulf Coasts over the next 15-30 years due to rising sea levels. The analysis finds that over half of the 52 communities studied will experience over 25 flood days per year by 2030, up from only a few per year currently. Many communities will see flood frequencies triple or more. By 2045, tidal flooding could become almost daily in some locations. The increased flooding will disrupt communities by limiting access and damaging homes and businesses. Coastal communities need to start implementing adaptation measures and policies to build resilience against future flooding impacts.
The document summarizes rights-based participatory risk assessment and planning (RiPRAP) for hazards, which involves community members examining hazards, vulnerabilities, capacities, and impacts on human and children's rights. It describes assessing the nature, speed of onset, frequency, duration, and force of hazards. It also outlines assessing vulnerabilities of elements at risk like people, structures, facilities, livelihoods and the environment, and the causes of vulnerabilities. Tools for assessment include maps, walks, calendars and interviews. The progression of vulnerability from underlying causes to unsafe conditions is depicted. Assessments of community capacities in times of crisis are also summarized.
Community Adaptation to Flooding in a Changing Climate:
Municipal Officials’ Actions, Decision-Making, and Barriers. By Gretchen Gary and Shorna Allred, Cornell University, and Elizabeth LoGiudice, Allison Chatrchyan, Rosemarie Baglia, Theresa Mayhew,
Dianne Olsen, and Marilyn Wyman, Cornell Cooperative Extension.
In 2015, The Rockefeller Foundation collaborated with several partners to begin developing incentive-based mechanisms to address competition for freshwater, and to bring human water use back in balance with the water needs of freshwater ecosystems in order to build long-term resilience. The early solutions that emerged, and the wider lessons from the group’s work, are captured in this report.
The damaging effect of most common natural disaster flood can be minimized through the area risk assessment with the help of GIS technology and Remote Sensing techniques. With the help of Prayagraj district map and corresponding satellite images, some flood causing criteria raster layer, flood risk map can be obtained by multi-criteria evaluation approach AHP.
The document discusses disaster management and preparedness for cyclones. It outlines key elements at risk from cyclones like housing, crops, and infrastructure. Effective preparedness requires assessing vulnerabilities, planning response mechanisms, and educating the public. Response activities during a cyclone include evacuation, search and rescue, emergency relief, and expediting post-disaster rehabilitation and reconstruction. Preparedness aims to minimize losses by taking precautionary actions and ensuring timely emergency response.
The document provides an overview of disaster management for floods in India. It defines a disaster and flood, and classifies different types of natural and man-made disasters. It describes the four phases of disaster management: preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation. It outlines the public health impacts of floods and strategies for flood management in India, including both structural measures like embankments and non-structural measures like forecasting. It also discusses the development of disaster management in India over time and the roles of various agencies and civil engineers in flood management.
The document summarizes a presentation by Dr. Riyanti Djalante on urban disaster risk reduction. It provides an overview of her background and research interests, which include conceptual frameworks for hazards, risks, vulnerability and resilience. It then outlines key concepts related to disaster risk reduction and frameworks such as the Hyogo Framework and Sendai Framework. The presentation discusses how cities face increased disaster risks due to factors like population concentration, infrastructure development, and effects of climate change. It analyzes the risks cities face from hazards like flooding, earthquakes and storms. The presentation emphasizes the importance of understanding risk and implementing measures to strengthen urban resilience and disaster preparedness.
This document summarizes a presentation given to the Delray Beach City Commission about creating a resilient community in response to sea level rise and storm surge. The presentation discusses defining resilience as the ability to bounce back and improve after stresses. It provides data on historic and projected sea level rise for the area. Potential impacts of sea level rise are outlined, including coastal flooding, erosion, saltwater intrusion, and effects on infrastructure and the economy. Partners for creating resilience are identified at the regional, state, and federal levels. The presentation recommends starting a conversation in the community about resilience and forming a coastal hazards adaptation committee to gather information and evaluate policies. It suggests using scenario planning and public engagement to develop a long-term adaptation plan.
This document discusses various concepts related to hazards, disasters, vulnerability, exposure, and risk. It provides examples, definitions, and explanations for different terminology. Some key points covered include:
- A hazard only becomes a disaster when it negatively impacts human lives and properties. Vulnerability, defined as characteristics that make something susceptible to hazards, determines the level of impact.
- Factors like physical exposure, socioeconomic status, and demographics contribute to a community's overall vulnerability. Marginalized groups are especially at risk due to lack of resources and ability to respond.
- Structures can be engineered, non-engineered, or owner-built, and factors like location, design complexity, and height influence
Urban flooding is increasingly common globally and poses serious risks. Three key factors that contribute to rising urban flood risks are urbanization, climate change, and increased vulnerability. City managers and policymakers can address this growing problem through integrated flood risk management strategies that utilize a combination of structural and non-structural measures. These include drainage infrastructure, land use planning, early warning systems, and risk-based insurance programs. Managing current and future flood risks effectively will require decision-making that can accommodate uncertainty and promote resilience.
Presentation on climate change by dr. tahmina afrosemuktadirmahin
The document discusses the impacts of climate change on coastal systems and communities. It notes that sea level rise, increased storm intensity, and changes in weather patterns will exacerbate erosion, damage infrastructure, and displace coastal plant and animal communities. Vulnerable areas include densely populated mega deltas, coral reefs, and small islands. Adaptation strategies discussed include protecting coastal zones, accommodating rising seas through land use planning, and developing financial protections like insurance. The document emphasizes the need for coordinated global action to mitigate further climate change through measures like reducing greenhouse gas emissions and transitioning to renewable energy sources.
Hazard mitigation aims to reduce risk from natural disasters through sustained actions. It is a proactive phase of emergency management that works to break the cycle of damage and reduce reconstruction costs. FEMA now requires mitigation plans from organizations applying for grants to demonstrate how losses will be lessened. As the human population grows and becomes more concentrated in hazard-prone areas, understanding geohazards and mitigating their impacts through planning, education, and engineering becomes increasingly important.
APPLICATIONS OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNOLOGIES IN FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENTrsmahabir
Flooding is the most common of all major disasters that regularly affect populations and results in extensive damage to property, infrastructure, natural resources, and even to loss of life. To ensure better outcomes, planning and execution of flood management projects must utilize knowledge on a wide range of factors, most of which are of a spatial nature. Advances in geospatial technologies, specifically remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), have enabled the acquisition and analysis of data about the Earth's surface for flood mitigation projects in a faster, more efficient and more accurate manner.
Remote sensing and GIS have emerged as powerful tools to deal with various aspects of flood management in prevention, preparedness and relief management of flood disaster. GIS facilitates integration of spatial and non-spatial data such as rainfall and stream flows, river cross sections and profiles, and river basin characteristics, as well as other information such as historical flood maps, infrastructures, land use, and social and economic data. Such data sets are critical for the in-depth analysis and management of floods.
Remote sensing technologies have great potential in overcoming the information void in the Caribbean region. The observation, mapping, and representation of Earth’s surface have provided effective and timely information for monitoring floods and their effect. The potential of new air- and space-borne imaging technologies for improving hazard evaluation and risk reduction is continually being explored. They are relatively inexpensive and have the ability to provide information on several parameters that are crucial to flood mapping and monitoring.
With the coastal population increasing, storms have been inflicting unprecedented losses on coastal
communities. Coastal agencies require advance information on the predicted path, intensity and progress of a
storm and associated waves and storm surges;
Near-real-time information during the peak of the storm to monitor flooding and control rescue operations; And
post storm reports to assess the damage and plan the recovery. The same holds true for other disasters, such as
oil spills and algal blooms. Coastal communities are also facing a rising sea level, caused mainly by global
warming. Airborne and satellite remote sensors, such as multispectral imagers, LIDAR and RADAR, are now
able to provide Most of the information required for emergency response and coastal management.
A disaster is defined as any event, natural or man-made, that threatens lives and property and disrupts normal life. Disasters exceed the ability of affected communities and governments to cope. Hazards threaten people, structures, and assets and can cause disasters. Vulnerability is the likelihood of damage from a hazard due to factors like proximity and susceptibility. Risk is the probability of consequences from hazards people are exposed to. Disaster management involves coordination across organizations in preparedness, response, and recovery phases of disasters to reduce risks and improve capacity to handle disasters.
The document summarizes the work of the Natural Hazards Network at the University of South Florida, which aims to reduce losses from natural disasters through research. It discusses the Network's areas of research like sensors and measurement, computer modeling, health impacts, and policy work. It also outlines recent projects on hazards like earthquakes, hurricanes, volcanoes, and sea level rise. The Network conducts research, provides rapid responses, and works with communities and policymakers to improve preparedness and resilience to natural disasters.
ADAM PARRISHowHurricane SandyTamed tneBureaucracy.docxcoubroughcosta
ADAM PARRIS
How
Hurricane Sandy
Tamed tne
Bureaucracy
A practical story of
making science useful for society,
with lessons destined to
grow in importance.
R
emember Hurricane Irene? It pushed across New
England in August 2011, leaving a trail of at least
45 deaths and $7 million in damages. But just
over a year later, even before the last rural bridge
had been rebuilt. Hurricane Sandy plowed into
the New Jersey-New York coast, grabbing the
national spotlight with its even greater toll of
death and destruction. And once again, the region—and
the nation—swung into rebuild mode.
Certainly, some rebuilding after such storms will always
be necessary. However, this one-two punch underscored a
pervasive and corrosive aspect of our society: We have rarely
taken the time to reflect on how best to rebuild developed
areas before the next crisis occurs, instead committing to a
disaster-by-disaster approach to rebuilding.
Yet Sandy seems to have been enough of a shock to stim-
ulate some creative thinking at both the federal and regional
levels about how to break the cycle of response and recov-
ery that developed communities have adopted as their de-
fault survival strategy. I have witnessed this firsthand as part
of a team that designed a decision tool called the Sea Level
Rise Tool for Sandy Recovery, to support not just recovery
from Sandy but preparedness for future events. The story
that has emerged from this experience may contain some
useful lessons about how science and research can best sup-
port important social decisions about our built environ-
ment. Such lessons are likely to be of increasing importance
as predicted climate change brings the inevitability of ex-
treme weather events.
A story of cooperation
In the wake of Sandy, pressure mounted at all levels, from lo-
cal to federal, to address one question: How would we re-
build? This question obviously has many dimensions, but
one policy context cuts across them all. The National Flood
Insurance Program provides information on flood risk that
developers, property owners, and city and state governments
are required to use in determining how to build and rebuild.
SUMMER 2014 83
Run by the Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA), the program provides information on the height of
floodwaters, known as flood elevations, that can be used to
delineate on a map where it is more or less risky to build.
Flood elevations are calculated based on analysis of how
water moves over land during storms of varying intensity, es-
sentially comparing the expected elevation of the water sur-
face to that of dry land. FEMA then uses this information to
create flood insurance rate maps, and insurers use the maps
to determine the cost of insurance in flood-prone areas. The
cost of insurance and the risk of flooding are major factors
for individuals and communities in determining how high
to build structures and where to locate them to avoid seri-
ous damage during floods.
But here's the challeng.
This document summarizes the current understanding of pluvial (rainfall-caused) flooding risk and how that risk may change in the future due to climate change and population growth. It finds that pluvial flooding risk is underappreciated currently but will likely increase substantially by 2050 due to higher rainfall levels and more people living in at-risk areas. Future risk is highly uncertain because how social vulnerability to flooding may change is unknown. More research is needed on rainfall projections, flooding models, population trends in at-risk locations, and social impacts to improve understanding of evolving pluvial flood risk.
Man-made environmental problems stem from overuse of natural resources due to open access issues. Environmental problems are complex as they create distortions and inequalities that can lead to conflicts. On Easter Island, overpopulation led to deforestation of palm trees, a crucial resource. The slow growth rate of palm trees meant the population outstripped the environment's ability to recover, leading to soil erosion, agricultural and fishing declines, societal collapse, and a much smaller population by the time Europeans arrived. The Easter Island case illustrates the risks of an institutional failure to effectively respond to environmental pressures from overpopulation and overuse of resources.
The document discusses mainstreaming disaster risk reduction (DRR), climate change adaptation (CCA), and the private sector. It provides overviews of key topics including:
1. DRR mechanisms like avoiding hazards, mitigating risks, responding to damage, and transferring risks.
2. Major projections of climate change impacts by 2100 like increased global temperatures, sea level rise, more extreme weather events.
3. How climate change will affect key sectors like water, food, health, and industry by causing issues like drought, flooding, disease outbreaks.
4. The importance of integrating DRR and CCA given their convergence on issues like coastal zone management and their potential for mutually reinforcing resilience-
1: Strong Public Private Partnerships
2: Resilience in the Built Environment
3: Risk‐sensitive Investments and Accounting
4: Positive Cycle of Reinforcement for a Resilient Society
5: Private Sector Risk Disclosure
This document discusses the Coastal Community Resilience (CCR) initiative under the U.S. Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System program. The CCR framework aims to build resilience at the community level by addressing governance, socioeconomics, coastal resource management, land use, risk knowledge, warning systems, emergency response, and disaster recovery. It does this through assessing community strengths and weaknesses, identifying gaps and priorities, evaluating resources and opportunities, and implementing phased action plans. The goal is to take an integrated approach across disciplines like disaster management, warning systems, and environmental protection to enhance community resilience.
This document discusses understanding population risk to weather disasters in a changing climate. It provides two case studies: an extreme heat study in Texas that developed a system to assess current and future urban vulnerability to heat waves, and a flooding study in Colorado after the 2013 floods that found residents were surprised by the flooding extent and lack of adequate warnings. The document stresses that understanding risk and vulnerability at local scales can help with hazard mitigation and climate adaptation, and that even areas with high adaptive capacity contain "surprising" vulnerabilities that provide opportunities to learn and reduce disaster risk.
Introducing the LEED Resilient Design Pilot Creditsjuliekannai
The document introduces new LEED pilot credits focused on resilient design. It provides an overview of the credits and why resilient design is important, noting increased risks from natural hazards, climate change impacts, and government policies promoting resilience. The credits include requirements for assessing resilience risks of a project site and planning for enhanced resilience and passive survivability in emergencies. The intention is to encourage proactive resilience planning early in the design process.
1. There is a range of tectonic hazards associated with both volcanoes and earthquakes, including lava, pyroclastics, ash, lahars, ground shaking, displacement, liquefaction, and tsunamis.
2. The specific impacts of tectonic hazards vary depending on factors like the duration and scale of the hazard, how frequently it occurs, its magnitude, and the level of economic development in the affected area.
3. Countries approach coping with tectonic hazards in different ways depending on their wealth and access to technology, employing strategies like modifying hazards, reducing vulnerability, and mitigating losses.
Similar to Toward Greater Hazard Resilience in a Changing World (20)
This document discusses opportunities, integration, and barriers related to Oregon State University's open campus initiative. It identifies potential partnerships, funding sources, and staffing needs as opportunities. Integration examples show how research, extension, education, and communications could work together on climate change engagement. Barriers include challenges with time, incentives for partnerships, and demonstrating clear advantages.
Acidification Stress - Commercially Important BivalvesOregon Sea Grant
This document summarizes a research project that aims to develop realistic metrics to measure acidification stress on commercially important bivalves in variable coastal habitats. The project will use a degree day model to account for different components of carbonate chemistry variability and its impact on Pacific oyster larvae in Oregon coastal waters. Experiments will be conducted with NOAA to vary conditions and measure stress and growth responses. The goals are to help oyster growers understand crop success under acidification and engage stakeholders through an outreach plan including a web interface to translate the science.
Dr. Francis Chan's 2012-2014 Oregon Sea Grant-supported project, "Understanding, Forecasting and Communicating the Linkages Between Hypoxia and Ocean Acidification in Oregon's Coastal Ocean"
Geomagneting Imprinting and Homing in Salmon and SteelheadOregon Sea Grant
Salmon use geomagnetic orientation to migrate from the ocean to their home rivers to spawn. This homing ability is important for salmon management and conservation in Oregon. Researchers are studying how salmon imprint and orient themselves at different life stages, from embryos to juveniles to adults. Their goal is to better understand salmon navigation and how hatchery practices may influence homing and straying behavior. Outreach efforts help educate the public on this research.
This document describes a project to identify the characteristics of successful adaptation to coastal climate change. A team of researchers from Stanford University, University of Washington, and Oregon State University will conduct a literature review, workshops with scientists and practitioners, and stakeholder engagement. The project aims to develop clear categories of desirable and undesirable adaptation outcomes, principles for assessing adaptation options, and metrics to measure adaptation success over different timescales. The researchers expect the project to provide guidance to support coastal climate adaptation planning and implementation.
Brief overview of two 2012-14 research projects:
The West Coast Sea Grant-supported project to assess direct marketing approaches for West Coast fishing communities, and Dr. Selina Heppell's "Taking Stock of Oregon's nearshore Fisheries: Development of Simple Assessment Tools for Better Management
Dr. Lorenzo Ciannelli's 2012-2014 Oregon Sea Grant-supported research project, "Predicting Habitat Quality of Juvenile English Sole and Dungeness Crab in Coastal and Estuarine Nursery Grounds"
This document describes a project to study realized and potential larval connectivity along the Oregon Coast. The project will use particle tracking models combined with plankton sampling data to identify the source regions and destination sites of crab and barnacle larvae. The goals are to provide guidance for marine protected area monitoring and identify gaps that could limit the effectiveness of Oregon's MPA network. Outreach efforts will include meetings with managers and a public exhibit at the Hatfield Marine Science Center.
Oregon Sea Grant watersheds and water resources activitiesOregon Sea Grant
The document discusses watershed and water resource programs offered by Kleibacker, Giannico & Chan including master watershed stewardship certification programs, stormwater management training and tools, fisheries and wildlife projects, and emerging issues related to climate change and water availability. It also outlines a potential regional initiative between Oregon, Washington, and California Sea Grant programs to develop education and engagement strategies around reducing pharmaceutical contaminants in waterways through research, targeted outreach, and leveraging existing partnerships.
This document summarizes a study modeling the effects of climate change on disease in Pacific salmon. The study will link several models: 1) a degree-day model of the parasite Ceratomyxa shasta's life cycle, 2) the USGS Basin Characterization Model of the Klamath River, 3) a hydraulic model of the invertebrate host's habitat, and 4) an epidemiological model. The linked models will predict how climate change may alter disease severity and distribution. Outcomes include identifying habitats for protection and a model to predict changes in C. shasta and other diseases. The study aims to inform management of healthy fisheries under climate change.
Oregon Sea Grant's budget for FY2012 totaled $6,255,469. The majority (48%) of funding went towards research and program development. Personnel costs accounted for $3,542,390 and are expected to increase by around $100,000-114,100 each year due to faculty salary increases. With a $300,000 balance rolling into July 2012 and anticipated future salary increases covered by grants and contracts, Oregon Sea Grant expects to have $160,000 available for discretionary use going forward.
This document provides an overview of Oregon Sea Grant. It discusses that Sea Grant is a partnership between NOAA and universities that funds research and outreach to address coastal issues. Oregon Sea Grant is based at Oregon State University and focuses on improving human health, promoting economic vitality, and enhancing sustainable coastal ecosystems. It supports research, education, and fellowships in marine science and policy.
This document discusses modern challenges with attention and communication in an information-rich world. It provides an overview of science communication challenges and strategies for engaging stakeholders and influencing behavior, including using social media and surveys to understand audiences and tailor messaging. Non-persuasive and trust-building approaches are recommended over direct persuasion.
This document discusses how social media can be used as a new tool for engaging stakeholders in extension work. It recommends that extension professionals meet people on their own social media grounds to effectively engage the public. It provides tips on determining goals and audiences, sharing existing content across different social media platforms, encouraging sharing, using analytics to measure engagement, and welcoming social media as part of the evolving extension model.
The committee was formed to revisit Sea Grant's allocation policy and criteria for distributing funding among programs as, when adjusted for inflation, the appropriated funding has been steadily declining and may reach zero by 2035. Surveys of Sea Grant programs found a range of views on allocation models but broad support for minimum funding levels and maintaining the current model while addressing inherent inequities. Concerns were also raised that the uncertain budget prospects and NOAA's lack of interest in Sea Grant may not be the right time to make major changes to the allocation approach.
The document discusses NOAA Research and its goals of increasing awareness of NOAA Research among key audiences, communicating about NOAA Research to the news media and constituents, and communicating about NOAA Research online 24/7. It provides contact information for Rochelle Plutchak and Linda Joy and encourages sharing milestones so NOAA Research can communicate them through traditional and web tools.
This document discusses a study examining the use of social media, specifically Twitter and Facebook, by the CDC and WHO during the 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic. The study analyzed over 200 social media posts and official website messages from April to July 2009. It found that the WHO's social media posts more closely reflected the situation updates on its official website, while the CDC's posts varied in focus across platforms. Both organizations avoided direct engagement with users on social media. The study concludes that social media can effectively disseminate timely pandemic information while avoiding misinformation, but direct interaction with users may not be advisable in emergency situations.
Sami Grimes and Heather Treizenberg of the National Sea Grant Office discuss national reporting guidelines and response to network feedback. Sea Grant Week 2010
- Sea temperatures in Korea have increased 1.5°C over the past 100 years and sea levels around Jeju have risen 22cm over the past 40 years, more than the global average increase.
- Surveys have discovered large soft coral colonies covering around 50 hectares in areas around Wando and Goheung, including around Geumdang Island and Chounghwa Island.
- Samples of soft coral were collected for new material discovery and studies of the environment and ecosystems of the soft coral colonies.
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Toward Greater Hazard Resilience in a Changing World
1. Toward Greater Hazard Resilience
in a Rapidly Changing World
Susanne C. Moser, Ph.D.
Sea Grant Week • New Orleans • October 19, 2010
Susanne Moser Research & Consulting
University of California-Santa Cruz and Stanford University
Healthy
Eco-
systems
Safe &
Sustainable
Seafood
Sustainable
Develop-
ment
Hazard
Resilience
Photo:wikimedia
2. Overview
What I was asked to address What you’ll get…
The challenges ahead
Hazard resilience – what does
that actually mean?
Is that really what you‘re willing
to work for?
If so, what would that mean for
your work?
Toward ―business-unusual‖
Trends and prospects
Visionary
Provocative
Challenging
Call for bold and innovative
thinking
4. Sea-Level Rise – Past and Future
Historical observations (1900-2007)
IPCC (2007) +1.7~1.8 mm/year in 20th century (+3.1 mm/year, 1993-2007)
Chao et al. (2008) +2.46 mm/yr (corrected for water impoundment in dams)
IPCC Projections (by 2090-2099 relative to 1980-1999)
TAR (2001): B1 – A1Fi 0.09 – 0.88 m (1->4x historical rate)
AR4 (2007): B1 – A1Fi 0.18 – 0.59 m (<1-3x historical rate)*
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Examples of more recent studies:
Rahmstorf (2007) 0.50 – 1.40 m
Dutch Delta Comm. (‗08) 0.55 – 1.10 m
Pfeffer et al. (2008) 0.80 – 2.00 m
* Does not include potential but insufficiently understood
contributions from Greenland orWAIS over 21st century.
5. Sea-Level Rise: Growing Concern
Unclear how near we are to the temperature
threshold that could lead to irreversible
meltdown of the major ice sheets
Greenland ice sheet ~ 7 m global SLR
WAIS ice sheet ~ 5 m global SLR
Miami
Greenland
Antarctica
Source:Nature
Photos:nsidc.org
6. Changes in Storm Regimes
Northward shift of extratropical storms
Some areas may experience fewer ET storms
Some areas may experience more ET storms
Intensification, but uncertain changes in frequency of
tropical storms
Intensification increases the storm surge height, even without
additional SLR
Case study: Corpus Christi,TX (Mousavi et al. 2010)
• Sea surface temperature ~ hurricane intensity
• Surge increase by10-15% per 10 mb of central pressure drop (could
be more or less depending on the hurricane, track, location etc.)
• SLR alone affects surge height disproportionally, and more so in
shallow waters than in deep
• Flood elevation changes by 2030 up to 1 ft higher than present
regardless of climate scenario; by 2080, 2->3 ft higher
7. Growing Coastal Population & Development
County growth rates of 10-15%
from 2003-2008 (darker blues)
Map: Crosset et al. (2005) Photos (l-r): Wikimedia, South Florida Water Mgmt District
8. Coastal Population Density
Photos (clockwise from top): FEMA, NOAA, city-data.com, kimscondo.com, Crosset et al. ,AAAS, CA Coastal Records Project, WA state iguide, Crosset et al.
9. How Many Live in the Floodplain?
8,651,000 people, >3.0% of the total U.S. population, live in 1% annual chance
coastal flood hazard areas (8,427,000, or <3.0% along non-Great Lakes coasts)
24,662,000 people, or 8.6% of the total U.S. population, live in census block groups
that border the open ocean coast or that contain 1% annual chance coastal flood
hazard areas
Less-frequent coastal flood events (e.g., 0.2% annual chance [500 y] flood) affect
larger swaths of land and associated populations
Source: Crowell et al. (2010),based on 2000 Census data and FEMA flood maps
10. Loss of Our Natural Defenses
Loss of wetlands as buffers
and floodwater absorbers
Erosion of barrier islands
Hardening of shorelines
Wetland loss from
1780-1980
(Source: NCSU)
Photo:FEMA
11. Implications
The taboo is lifted
Climate change is real, happening, and human-caused
There is no quick fix, climate change will stay with us for a long time
Sea-level rise as one of the most direct and inevitable consequences of a
warming climate
Climate change requires comprehensive response: mitigation and adaptation
SLR is one of the quantitatively most uncertain (and therefore
scariest) impacts, yet acceleration is already evident and certain
Physical hazards will increase (on average); rare hazards will
become (more) common
Population growth and development pressures ensure that cost of
coastal disasters will increase, even before accounting for SLR
Photo:MilaZinkova,Wikimedia
12. You know… but does the public know?
11-14% say they are ―very well informed‖, 51-52% ―fairly
well informed‖ about how the climate system works, its
causes, effects, and potential solutions to global warming
If graded on factual knowledge, 8% would get an A or B,
15% a C, 25% a D, and 52% an F
Large majorities understand that land ice from Antarctica
(76%), mountain glaciers (73%) and warmer ocean
temperatures (60%) raise sea level. 76% also believe that
melting sea ice contributes, and in fact contributes most
to SLR.
57% do not know how much SL has risen from 1900-2000
or how much it may rise in the next 100 years
75% have not heard about coral bleaching; 77% not about
ocean acidification
Source: Leiserowitz et al (2010)
13. Sea Grant Strategic Plan
Focus Area: Hazard Resilience in Coastal Communities
Healthy
Eco-
systems
Safe &
Sustainable
Seafood
Sustainable
Develop-
ment
Hazard
Resilience
GOAL 1
Widespread
understanding of the
risks associated with
living, working and
doing business along
the coast.
• Assessments of risk
and information
availability
• Assess risk to marine
enterprises
• Develop compre-
hensive education/
literacy programs on
climate change
GOAL 2
Community capacity
to prepare for and
respond to
hazardous events.
• Help decision-makers
create, adopt policies,
plans, etc.
• Create, disseminate
demographic and
hazard information
• Assess natural features
and new technology to
mitigate hazards
GOAL 3
Effective response to
coastal catastrophes.
• Make hazard
information available
and relevant to crisis
decision-making
• Contribute to rapid
response capability
• Make SG local
knowledge and contacts
available
Sound
science
Public
literacy
Participatory
decisions
Cross-cutting
themes
15. Origins and Contributions
Mathematics
Physics & Engineering
Ecology
Psychology
Military strategy
Hazards and disaster
studies
Economics
Organizational studies
Livelihood & poverty field
Photos(t-b):unisdr.org,reut-institue.org,ommoncurrent.com,4engr.com
16. Different Notions of Resilience
Engineering resilience is
the time to recovery—how
long an ecosystem takes to
recover following a
disturbance.
Essence: Stability
End point: Back to normal,
state prior to disturbance
Common in risk/disaster
management field (―the
capacity of a city to rebound
from destruction”)
Ecological resilience is the
amount of disturbance a
system can take before it
shifts into alternative
configuration.
Essence: Variability
End point: Evolution into a
changed system, sometimes
degraded, sometimes more
desirable.
Common in modern ecology,
climate change context.
17. Other Useful Definitions
The ability of groups or
communities to cope with
external stresses and
disturbances as a result of
social, political, and
environmental change. (Adger
2000)
The ability to persist (i.e., to
absorb shocks and stresses and
still maintain the functioning of
society and the integrity of
ecological systems) and the
ability to adapt to change,
unforeseen circumstances, and
risks. (Adger 2003)
Resilience consists of (1) the
amount of change a system can
undergo and still retain
essentially the same structure,
function, identity, and feedbacks
on function and structure, (2)
the degree to which a system
is capable of self-organization
(and reorganize after
disturbance), and (3) the
degree to which a system
expresses capacity for learning
and adaptation. (Quinlan 2003,
Adger et al. 2005)
18. Community & Regional Resilience
A resilient community:
anticipates: problems,
opportunities, and
potentials for surprises.
reduces vulnerabilities:
related to development
paths, socioeconomic
conditions & sensitivities to
possible threats.
responds: effectively, fairly,
and legitimately.
recovers: rapidly, better, safer,
and fairer.
(Source:CARRI 2007, 2009)
A valuable resource:
www.resilientus.org
Sources: DHS (2001);Blair Ross, ORNL; CARRI (2008 )
19. That Raises Some Critical Questions
Anticipating: Are we providing forward-looking, integrated, multi-
hazard information? Are we scanning the horizon for surprises?
Environmental, climatic, demographic and socio-economic trends on a
crash course; neither alone has to be dramatic to cause big impacts
Return to pre-disaster normal = under-preparing for future
Reducing vulnerability: Are we focusing on those who have
everything to lose or those who have the most to lose?
Responding: If a community depends for its resilience on internal
and outside resources, and more and more communities will
draw on them, what are the long-term prospects?
E.g., mitigation grants, recovery assistance, economic networks
Recovering: If adaptability and the ability to learn are at the core
of resilience in the face of change, what hinders or helps learning
and change? Are we supporting learning and change?
21. Implicit Trade-offs of Different Approaches
Approach
Criteria
Adaptation Vulnerability Resilience
Stressors Single stressor Multiple stressors Multiple variables
Spatial scale of
implementation
Sector focus Focus on places,
communities, groups
Large-scale coupled
social-natural systems
Temporal emphasis of
implementation
Short- & medium term
future
Past and present Long-term future
Actors Public-priv. partner-
ships, technology focus
Public sectors, civic
groups; human agency
Civil society, public
sector; agency weak
Policy goal Address known and
evolving risks
Protect group most
likely to exp. harm
Enhance overall capacity
for recovery, renewal
Desired outcome Max. risk and loss
reduction at lowest
cost
Minimize social
inequity, maximize
opportunities
Minimize chance of
rapid, large-scale,
irreversible collapse
Experience/
implementation
Emerging, some
responses well
established
Well established Emerging
Sources: Adapted from Eakin et al. (2009),Miller et al. (2010)
22. This Raises More Critical Questions
Resilience:
Are you willing to face the political pressure to
live with ―smaller‖ hazardous events in order to
safe-guard long-term resilience and sustainability
of social-ecological systems?
Vulnerability:
What is an acceptable level of vulnerability?
Are you willing to work (or: fight) for the poorest,
most disadvantaged communities against the most
powerful forces?
Adaptation:
Are you willing to face the consequences of educating
people about the trends, challenges and growing risks
they are facing?
Photos(t-b):flickr,ens
24. Some Smaller Changes to Make
Understanding changing disaster risks
Strengthening collaboration and integration (disciplines, institutions, agencies)
Regular, periodic reassessments of changing influences on risk (climate change,
societal trends)
Develop and provide user-friendly tools to assess which decisions are robust
under various uncertain future scenarios
Providing effective decision support
Improving science-extension-practice dialogues, collaborations
Improving decision-relevant information and tools
Improving access to information, fostering need for information
Building capacity to learn and change
Assess what limits people‘s ability to experiment, take risks, innovate; remove
these barriers, and provide incentives to change
Provide forums and promote regular learning and reflection
Provide input on all policies and management decisions that affect flexibility and
robustness
Source: Adapted from Mitchell & Ibrahim (2010)
Photos(t-b):clipart,worldpress.com
25. The More Ambitious Agenda
ReducingVulnerability
Engage communities in assessing their own vulnerability
Illustrate through research how injustice is bad economic
strategy
Speak out against injustice
Build partnerships that focus on providing access to resources,
services, assets, information for the disadvantaged
Educate and empower particularly those commonly cut-off from
local and national decision-making
Working toward Resilience
Educate the public, decision-makers about resilience
and sustainability
Explore how adaptation, vulnerability and resilience
approaches can complement each other
Educate yourselves and model internally how to do integrative
science, systems thinking
Photos(t-b):DetroitNews,ecoboot.nl
28. Personal Leadership
Source:Wikimedia
Do you feel satisfied with
what you have tried and done
for coastal hazard resilience?
What can you do differently?
What will you do when you
get back home?
29. Thank you!
Contact:
Susanne Moser Research & Consulting
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
Email: promundi@susannemoser.com
Web: http://www.susannemoser.com/index.php
Tel: (831) 427-2081
Photo:DanieldiPalma,Wikimedia
30. References
Adger,W.N.: 2000, 'Social and ecological resilience: are they related?', Progress in Human Geography 24, 347-364.
Adger,W.N.: 2003, 'Governing natural resources: institutional adaptation and resilience', in Berkhout, F., Leach, M. and
Scoones, I. (eds.), Negotiating Environmental Change: New Perspectives from Social Science, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham,
pp. 193-208.
Adger,W.N., Hughes,T.P., Folke, C., Carpenter, S.R. and Rockstro?m, J.: 2005, 'Social-ecological resilience to coastal
disasters', Science 309, 1036.
CARRI (all), available at: www.resilientUS.org
Chao, B.F.,Wu,Y.H. and Li,Y.S.: 2008, 'Impact of artificial reservoir water impoundment on global sea level', Science 320,
212.
Crossett, K.M., Culliton,T.J.,Wiley, P.C. and Goodspeed,T.R.: 2005, Population Trends Along the Coastal United States:
1980-2008 U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean
Service, Silver Spring, MD.
Crowell, M., Coulton, K., Johnson, C.,Westcott, J., Bellomo, D., Edelman, S. and Hirsch, E.: 2010, 'An Estimate of the U.S.
Population Living in 100-Year Coastal Flood Hazard Areas', Journal of Coastal Research 26, 201-211.
Eakin, H.,Tompkins, E.L., Nelson, D.R. and Anderies, J.M.: 2009, 'Hidden costs and disparate uncertainties: trade-offs in
approaches to climate policy', in Adger,W.N., Lorenzoni, I. and O'Brien, K.L. (eds.),Adapting to Climate Change:
Thresholds,Values, Governance, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 212-226.
PCC: 2007, Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth
Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Leiserowitz,A., Smith, N. and Marlon, J.R.: 2010, 'Americans‘ Knowledge of Climate Change',Yale University,Yale Project
on Climate Change Communication, New Haven, CT.
31. References (continued)
McBean, G. and Rodgers, C.: 2010, 'Climate hazards and disasters: the need for capacity building',WIREs Climate
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