This document summarizes a study that evaluated the effects of a cream containing 3% moringa leaf extract on human skin revitalization over 3 months. 11 subjects applied the active cream containing moringa extract or a base cream without extract twice daily. Skin parameters including surface, volume, texture, and wrinkles were measured monthly using an imaging device. Results showed the active cream significantly improved skin volume, texture energy, variance and contrast, and reduced roughness, scaliness, and wrinkles compared to the base cream. This suggests moringa cream enhances skin revitalization and anti-aging effects.
A presentation about anti-aging creams giving a brief of aging, anti-aging cosmetics, some general and some modern anti-aging agents and their mechanism of action, some detailed info of marketed formulations
Qualitative Evaluation and Wound Healing Potential of Selected Medicinal Plan...BRNSS Publication Hub
Objective: The aim of the paper was to assess the wound healing potential of three medicinal plants using the excision wound healing model on albino rat. Materials and Methods: Soxhlet extraction method was utilized for the partition of the constituent of interest. Qualitative analysis and phytochemical screening were performed for the detection of tannins, alkaloids, resins, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, proteins, carbohydrates, and amino acids. Three plants extract used for the ointment formulation and prepared by the addition of extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus, Murraya koenigii, and Punica granatum in polyethylene glycol ointment base. Three ointment formulations and six extracts with 5% and 10% extract concentration have been used. Excision wound rat model utilized for the wound healing potential. Results and Conclusion: All three plants, including A. heterophyllus Lam., M. koenigii Linn., and P. granatum Linn. extracted for the active constituent. The pharmacological evaluation on the excision wound healing model suggested that Group-I animals showed 52.09% of healing, whereas povidone-iodine treated animals showed 100.00% healing. On the other hand, the ointment formulation treated F-1 showed 96.47% of wound healing, F-2 showed 97.68% healing, and F-3 showed 99.11% healing. The overall healing results can be represented as following: Control <MKL5 <MKL10 <PGB5 <PGB10 <AHP5 <AHP10 <F-1 <F-2 <F-3 <Standard. F3 ointment formulation is better than the F2 and F1 formulation in wound healing potential as compared to others. Discussion: These studies have indicated that ointment formulations of A. heterophyllus, M. koenigii, P. granatum have been utilized for wound healing potential and it is safer for topical application. Excision wound healing model suggested that the three individual plant extract has shown the wound healing potential, although the prepared ointment formulations F3 have best and synergistic action than the individual. The ointment formulations containing plant extracts in 10% amount have better wound healing potential.
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF TRANSDERMAL PATCHES OF PERINDOPRILSriramNagarajan19
Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) has been an increased interest in the drug administration via the skin for both local therapeutic effects on diseased skin (topical delivery) as well as for systemic delivery of drugs. The skin as a site of drug delivery, has a number of significant advantages over many other routes of drug administration, including the ability to avoid problems of gastric irritation, pH and emptying rate effects, avoid hepatic first-pass metabolism thereby increasing the bioavailability of drug, reduce the risk of systemic side effects by minimizing plasma concentrations compared to oral therapy, provide a sustained release of drug at the site of application; rapid termination of therapy by removal of the device or formulation, the reduction of fluctuations in plasma levels of drugs, and avoid pain associated with injections. The transdermal delivery can also eliminate pulsed entry into the systemic circulation, which might often cause undesirable side effects. Main objective of formulating the transdermal system was to prolong the drug release time, reduce the frequency of administration and to improve patient compliance. In the present study, five formulations were prepared using single polymer in different ratios, along with plasticizers and penetration enhancer. Finally it was concluded that Some formulations show formation of brittle patch due to insufficient amount of polymer and in some patches texture of patch is not elegant due to plasticizer concentration for patch preparation. So by increasing concentration of polymer and plasticizer, finally formulation-5 was considered as optimized formula for preparing transdermal patch of Perindopril, where it shown best drug release profile.
A presentation about anti-aging creams giving a brief of aging, anti-aging cosmetics, some general and some modern anti-aging agents and their mechanism of action, some detailed info of marketed formulations
Qualitative Evaluation and Wound Healing Potential of Selected Medicinal Plan...BRNSS Publication Hub
Objective: The aim of the paper was to assess the wound healing potential of three medicinal plants using the excision wound healing model on albino rat. Materials and Methods: Soxhlet extraction method was utilized for the partition of the constituent of interest. Qualitative analysis and phytochemical screening were performed for the detection of tannins, alkaloids, resins, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, proteins, carbohydrates, and amino acids. Three plants extract used for the ointment formulation and prepared by the addition of extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus, Murraya koenigii, and Punica granatum in polyethylene glycol ointment base. Three ointment formulations and six extracts with 5% and 10% extract concentration have been used. Excision wound rat model utilized for the wound healing potential. Results and Conclusion: All three plants, including A. heterophyllus Lam., M. koenigii Linn., and P. granatum Linn. extracted for the active constituent. The pharmacological evaluation on the excision wound healing model suggested that Group-I animals showed 52.09% of healing, whereas povidone-iodine treated animals showed 100.00% healing. On the other hand, the ointment formulation treated F-1 showed 96.47% of wound healing, F-2 showed 97.68% healing, and F-3 showed 99.11% healing. The overall healing results can be represented as following: Control <MKL5 <MKL10 <PGB5 <PGB10 <AHP5 <AHP10 <F-1 <F-2 <F-3 <Standard. F3 ointment formulation is better than the F2 and F1 formulation in wound healing potential as compared to others. Discussion: These studies have indicated that ointment formulations of A. heterophyllus, M. koenigii, P. granatum have been utilized for wound healing potential and it is safer for topical application. Excision wound healing model suggested that the three individual plant extract has shown the wound healing potential, although the prepared ointment formulations F3 have best and synergistic action than the individual. The ointment formulations containing plant extracts in 10% amount have better wound healing potential.
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF TRANSDERMAL PATCHES OF PERINDOPRILSriramNagarajan19
Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) has been an increased interest in the drug administration via the skin for both local therapeutic effects on diseased skin (topical delivery) as well as for systemic delivery of drugs. The skin as a site of drug delivery, has a number of significant advantages over many other routes of drug administration, including the ability to avoid problems of gastric irritation, pH and emptying rate effects, avoid hepatic first-pass metabolism thereby increasing the bioavailability of drug, reduce the risk of systemic side effects by minimizing plasma concentrations compared to oral therapy, provide a sustained release of drug at the site of application; rapid termination of therapy by removal of the device or formulation, the reduction of fluctuations in plasma levels of drugs, and avoid pain associated with injections. The transdermal delivery can also eliminate pulsed entry into the systemic circulation, which might often cause undesirable side effects. Main objective of formulating the transdermal system was to prolong the drug release time, reduce the frequency of administration and to improve patient compliance. In the present study, five formulations were prepared using single polymer in different ratios, along with plasticizers and penetration enhancer. Finally it was concluded that Some formulations show formation of brittle patch due to insufficient amount of polymer and in some patches texture of patch is not elegant due to plasticizer concentration for patch preparation. So by increasing concentration of polymer and plasticizer, finally formulation-5 was considered as optimized formula for preparing transdermal patch of Perindopril, where it shown best drug release profile.
The efficacy of Isotretinoin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles in comparison t...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
Topical retinoids are considered as the first line therapy in the treatment of acne vulgaris, but they are associated with cutaneous irritation. In this study, isotretinoin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles(IT-SLN) were prepared to treat the mild to moderate acne. Also using IT-SLN would minimize IT adverse effects in comparison to commercial product, Isotrex®.
This study was conducted to prepare and characterize IT-SLN and assessing the efficiency of IT-SLN comparing to Isotrex® acne.
IT-SLN was prepared using hot high pressure homogenization method. IT-SLN contained 0.05% IT in 5% of lipid phase (Glyceryl monostearate- GMS) and tween 80 (2.5 % w/v) was used as surfactant in the aqueous phase. IT-SLN was characterized by particle size analyzing, differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy. Encapsulation efficacy was also obtained using spectrophotometry. The efficacy of IT-SLN was evaluated in a randomized, single-blind, parallel-group study and compared with Isotrex®. Forty patients encountered in the study and divided in two groups. Treatment regimen was once-nightly topical administration accompanied with topical administration of clindamycin 2% solution twice a day for 8 weeks.
The particle size of IT-SLN was around 60 nm with PDI of 0.4 and zeta potential was about -40 mV. Encapsulation efficacy of IT in SLN in crystalline form was 84±0.21%. IT-SLN produced significantly better treatment than Isotrex® in both non-inflammatory and inflammatory lesions according to its recovery percent after 8 weeks. Also IT-SLN gained better global assessment scores.
Our results showed that IT-SLN had higher efficacy than Isotrex® to clear non-inflammatory and inflammatory lesions.
Powerful and Natural Antioxidant Active for skin health. Orah VITE is a proprietary synergistic plant-based system containing natural antioxidants (natural tocotrienol & tocopherol) designed to perform as a very strong antioxidant & performance.
Orah VITE is a composite of Natural Tocotrienols & Tocopherols in a plant-based fatty acid
cosmetic and cosmeceutical
Classification of cosmetic and cosmeceutical products
Definition of cosmetics as per Indian and EU regulations, Evolution of cosmeceuticals from cosmetics, cosmetics as quasi and OTC drugs
Cosmetic excipients: Surfactants, rheology modifiers, humectants, emollients, preservatives. Classification and application
Skin: Basic structure and function of skin.
Hair: Basic structure of hair. Hair growth cycle.
Oral Cavity: Common problem associated with teeth and gums
ECORICH is a composite of eco-friendly bio-surfactants and plant-based cofactors. It is free of alcohol, halogen and metal-ion ( Efficient · Natural · Safe · Biodegradable)
Formulation Building blocks: Building blocks for different product formulatio...PRAJAKTASAWANT33
Building blocks for different product formulations of
cosmetics/cosmeceuticals. Surfactants - Classification and application. Emollients,
rheological additives: classification and application.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Formulation Development and Evaluation of Oral Fast Dissolving Films of Metac...ijtsrd
Metaclopromide HCl is an Anti emetic used to treat nausea, vomiting and to increase gastric motility. The present work aimed at preparing oral fast dissolving films of Metaclopromide HCl with the purpose of developing a dosage form for a very quick onset of action, which is very convenient for administration, without the problem of swallowing and using water. Oral fast dissolving films of Metaclopromide HCl were prepared using HPMC E5, E15 polymers as film forming agents and polyethylene glycol 400 as plasticizer by solvent casting method. FTIR showed that there is no interaction between drug and excipients. Dissolution of prepared fast dissolving oral films of Metaclopromide HCl was performed using USP type II apparatus in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer medium at 50 rpm with temperature being maintained at 37 0.5º C. The films prepared were evaluated for various parameters like thickness, drug content uniformity, weight variation, disintegration time, folding endurance and in vitro drug release and were showed satisfactory results. In conclusion, development of oral fast dissolving oral films using HPMC polymer gives rapid drug delivery and rapid onset of action. Zeenath Ruhy "Formulation Development and Evaluation of Oral Fast Dissolving Films of Metaclopromide HCL" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29702.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/novel-drug-delivery-sys/29702/formulation-development-and-evaluation-of-oral-fast-dissolving-films-of-metaclopromide-hcl/zeenath-ruhy
The efficacy of Isotretinoin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles in comparison t...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
Topical retinoids are considered as the first line therapy in the treatment of acne vulgaris, but they are associated with cutaneous irritation. In this study, isotretinoin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles(IT-SLN) were prepared to treat the mild to moderate acne. Also using IT-SLN would minimize IT adverse effects in comparison to commercial product, Isotrex®.
This study was conducted to prepare and characterize IT-SLN and assessing the efficiency of IT-SLN comparing to Isotrex® acne.
IT-SLN was prepared using hot high pressure homogenization method. IT-SLN contained 0.05% IT in 5% of lipid phase (Glyceryl monostearate- GMS) and tween 80 (2.5 % w/v) was used as surfactant in the aqueous phase. IT-SLN was characterized by particle size analyzing, differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy. Encapsulation efficacy was also obtained using spectrophotometry. The efficacy of IT-SLN was evaluated in a randomized, single-blind, parallel-group study and compared with Isotrex®. Forty patients encountered in the study and divided in two groups. Treatment regimen was once-nightly topical administration accompanied with topical administration of clindamycin 2% solution twice a day for 8 weeks.
The particle size of IT-SLN was around 60 nm with PDI of 0.4 and zeta potential was about -40 mV. Encapsulation efficacy of IT in SLN in crystalline form was 84±0.21%. IT-SLN produced significantly better treatment than Isotrex® in both non-inflammatory and inflammatory lesions according to its recovery percent after 8 weeks. Also IT-SLN gained better global assessment scores.
Our results showed that IT-SLN had higher efficacy than Isotrex® to clear non-inflammatory and inflammatory lesions.
Powerful and Natural Antioxidant Active for skin health. Orah VITE is a proprietary synergistic plant-based system containing natural antioxidants (natural tocotrienol & tocopherol) designed to perform as a very strong antioxidant & performance.
Orah VITE is a composite of Natural Tocotrienols & Tocopherols in a plant-based fatty acid
cosmetic and cosmeceutical
Classification of cosmetic and cosmeceutical products
Definition of cosmetics as per Indian and EU regulations, Evolution of cosmeceuticals from cosmetics, cosmetics as quasi and OTC drugs
Cosmetic excipients: Surfactants, rheology modifiers, humectants, emollients, preservatives. Classification and application
Skin: Basic structure and function of skin.
Hair: Basic structure of hair. Hair growth cycle.
Oral Cavity: Common problem associated with teeth and gums
ECORICH is a composite of eco-friendly bio-surfactants and plant-based cofactors. It is free of alcohol, halogen and metal-ion ( Efficient · Natural · Safe · Biodegradable)
Formulation Building blocks: Building blocks for different product formulatio...PRAJAKTASAWANT33
Building blocks for different product formulations of
cosmetics/cosmeceuticals. Surfactants - Classification and application. Emollients,
rheological additives: classification and application.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Formulation Development and Evaluation of Oral Fast Dissolving Films of Metac...ijtsrd
Metaclopromide HCl is an Anti emetic used to treat nausea, vomiting and to increase gastric motility. The present work aimed at preparing oral fast dissolving films of Metaclopromide HCl with the purpose of developing a dosage form for a very quick onset of action, which is very convenient for administration, without the problem of swallowing and using water. Oral fast dissolving films of Metaclopromide HCl were prepared using HPMC E5, E15 polymers as film forming agents and polyethylene glycol 400 as plasticizer by solvent casting method. FTIR showed that there is no interaction between drug and excipients. Dissolution of prepared fast dissolving oral films of Metaclopromide HCl was performed using USP type II apparatus in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer medium at 50 rpm with temperature being maintained at 37 0.5º C. The films prepared were evaluated for various parameters like thickness, drug content uniformity, weight variation, disintegration time, folding endurance and in vitro drug release and were showed satisfactory results. In conclusion, development of oral fast dissolving oral films using HPMC polymer gives rapid drug delivery and rapid onset of action. Zeenath Ruhy "Formulation Development and Evaluation of Oral Fast Dissolving Films of Metaclopromide HCL" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29702.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/novel-drug-delivery-sys/29702/formulation-development-and-evaluation-of-oral-fast-dissolving-films-of-metaclopromide-hcl/zeenath-ruhy
Abstract—Scarring is a well recognized sequel of acne. Because of the prevalence of acne scarring and strong negative emotions it engendering affected patients, several approaches have been developed for its treatment with varying success rates. Glycolic acid 50% peels and Salicylic acid 30% Peels are classified as superficial peel and are consider safe in Indian patients. While chemical peels are widely being used in India for various indications. There is a paucity of published studies on the efficacy of chemical peel specifically for acne scars in Indian patients.
Purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectively of these two agents in the treatment of acne scars. Eighty cooperative patients[≥18 years age]with predominantly moderately atrophic acne scarring were randomly divided into 2groups of 40each.Patients of group A received Glycolic acid peels and patients in group B, Salicylic acid was used at 3weeks interval for four sessions. Objective evaluations of treatment response. Subjective assessments of treatment response were also done separately by the researcher, an independent observer and the patients separately.
Both of agents led to significant reduction in the total acne scar score[p< 0.05]but no significant difference was noted between the two peels. Side effects were lesser with Salicylic acid peel.
Hence conclusion was drawn that both 50% Glycolic acid and 30% Salicylic acid peels are safe in Indian skin and equally effective in the treatment of mild to moderate acne scarring.
Anti-aging potential of a cream containing herbal oils and honey: Formulation...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been shown to cause skin disorders, including sunburn and symptoms such as erythema, ageing and formation of wrinkles, pigmentation or dyspigmentation, DNA damage and ultimately photocarcinogenesis on prolonged exposure. It has been reported that sunscreens have beneficial effects in reducing the incidence of skin disorders and protect the skin against exogenous and endogenous harmful agents by absorption, scattering and by blocking phenomena. Ultraviolet (UV) rays are classified into three wavelengths UV-A, UV-B and UV-C. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can react with DNA, proteins, and fatty acids in the skin causes oxidative damage and impairment of antioxidant system in the human body is triggered by skin exposure to sunlight and other climatic circumstances. Such injuries disrupt the skin’s regulation pathways, causing photoaging and the development of skin cancer. Active ingredient of sunscreen agents are synthetic substances which are divided into organic and inorganic filters used in the market. Synthetic agents have shown some serious side effects. Therefore, to overcome this deleterious effects natural sunscreens were found by the researchers from nature. Natural products are efficacious as sunscreens and produce healing, softening, rejuvenating, and sunscreen effects. However, the use of sunscreen has faced many challenges, including inducing photoallergic dermatitis, environment pollution, and deficiency of vitamin D production. Therefore, consumers should efficiently apply suitable herbal formulations to improve sun protection as well as to avoid the side effects of synthetic sunscreens.
Introduction to Evaluation and Skin Benefitssahilgabhane29
Exploring the Effectiveness and Advantages of Skincare Products.
Examining the Efficacy and Positive Effects of Various Skincare Regimens on Skin Health and Appearance.
Evaluation of cyclosporine A eye penetration after administration of liposoma...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
A lot of researches have investigated the effects of topical cyclosporine A on the eye surface layers’ diseases. By now the main limitation in cyclosporine application is the low permeation of the drug into the posterior segments of the eye. The aim of present study was to formulate high permeable dosage form can be beneficial in the topical treatment of the uveitis. To reach higher corneal drug absorption and drug concentration in the posterior segments of the eye, 3 nanoliposomal formulations containing 0.5 mg/ml cyclosporine A were prepared. Liposomal formulations and the commercial product (Restasis®) were instilled in the right and left eyes of the rabbits, respectively. The rabbits were killed in the 3, 7, 14 and 28 days of study and the aqueous humor and vitreous were extracted. Mean size of liposomal formulation number 1, number 2 and number 3 were 107.2 ± 0.7, 129.3±0.9 and 144.8±1.8 nm and their zeta potential were -5.0±1.7, -5.5±2.3 and 44.6±6.2 mV, respectively. Results of ocular analysis showed that the liposomal formulations could increase the concentration of the drug in the aqueous and vitreous like Restasis®. But, in contrast with what has been expected the findings of this study implicate nanoliposomal formulations prepared could not make a significant difference in concentration of the drug in aqueous and vitreous humor compared to Restasis® (anionic microemulsion). In conclusion, we can state that liposomes with the same composition as our formulations are not more efficient than microemulsion for cyclosporine as ophthalmic drug delivery.
Evaluation of the in vivo moisturizing efficacy ofMohammad Baghaei
Skin is the most alive organ in our body. It plays many significant roles such as protection of inner organs from external stresses and damages including UV irradiation, bacterial, fungal and viral infections, direct contacts, etc. Appropriate hydration of outer layer of skin is very important item to maintain integrity and barrier functions of a healthy skin. If skin becomes dehydrate it is prone to many damages such as roughness, wrinkles, easy erosions, infections, itching and lack of shine and natural beauty. Alpha-glucan oligosaccharide is a glucose oligomer exhibiting a degree of polymerization ranging from 2 to 10. It is use in cosmetic product as an emollient and conditioning agent. It is a saccharine (sugar molecule) that has water-binding abilities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vivo moisturizing efficacy of alpha-glucan oligosaccharide components used in syndet bar in healthy female subjects.
Formulation Development and In Vitro Evaluation of Microsponge Drug Delivery ...YogeshIJTSRD
A Microsponge Delivery System MDS is patented, highly cross linked, porous, polymeric microspheres that can entrap wide range of actives and then release them onto the skin over a time and in response to trigger. It is a unique technology for the controlled release of topical agents and consists of microporous beads, typically 10 25 microns in diameter, loaded with active agent. In this study, Ketoconazole microsponges were prepared by using quasi emulsion solvent diffusion method. The microsponges thus prepared, were evaluated for production yield, loading efficiency, particle size analysis, in vitro release study of microsponges, and stability. Hence, the present work concluded that MDS has a great potential in topical delivery of drugs like Ketoconazole, with added advantage of reduction in irritation profile due to the controlled release and possible enhancement in the activity due to amorphization of the drug. Vilas S. Bhagat | Sanjay R. Arote "Formulation Development and In-Vitro Evaluation of Microsponge Drug Delivery System of Antifungal Drug" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39870.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/39870/formulation-development-and-invitro-evaluation-of-microsponge-drug-delivery-system-of-antifungal-drug/vilas-s-bhagat
burnBurn Cool Cream Which Gives A soft Glow on Skin, Anti Coagulant, Cut Skin, Rashes, Swelling, Psoriasis, Urticaria, Cellulitis, Herpes, Protect from Burns, All Kinds of Injuries, Healing effect on wound. etc...,
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Similar to Moringa cream-enhancement-human-skin-facial-revitalization (20)
Despite considerable interest in the use of Moringa oleifera as a nutrient source, gaps and inconsistencies in the information on the nutrient content of this interesting plant remain. There are many reasons for this. The nutrient content of newly harvested plant material naturally varies with soil and climate as well as season and plant age. Differences in processing and storage procedures add more variation; and the use of different analytical techniques amplifies the variation further. For moringa leaves, additional variation has been created over time due to errors created as nutrient content values are incorrectly copied from source to source (30). The purpose of this review is to summarize the more recent scientific information about the nutrient content of fresh Moringa oleifera leaves and dried Moringa oleifera leaf powder. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
Moringa Oleifera, A Supermarket On A Tree
Moringa oleifera is extremely rich in vital nutrients and, as a bonus, can grow very fast in dry areas of the world, where food is scarce. Since ancient times, Moringa was used as a medicinal plant, known to heal and ease a wide number of diseases: from various inflammations to cancer, to parasitic diseases and diabetes. In more recent times, Moringa has gained notoriety as a nutrition power plant that can feed the needy and, in fact, save lives. And eyes… from blindness due to lack of vital nutrients such as vitamin A in the diet.
Moringa leaves or leaf powder can be used successfully as a suplement food to nourish small children, pregnant or nursing women, and of course, anybody else.
http://miracletrees.org/
1. Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii 2, April / 2014 71
Original paper
Address for correspondence: Atif Ali PhD, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,
Lahore, Pakistan, phone: +923346081922, e-mail: ajmaline2000@gmail.com
Received: 31.07.2013, accepted: 3.11.2013.
Enhancement of human skin facial revitalization
by moringa leaf extract cream
Atif Ali1,2
, Naveed Akhtar2
, Farzana Chowdhary1
1
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
Head of Institute: Dr. Farzana Chowdhary
2
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Head of Department: Prof. Dr. Naveed Akhtar
Postep Derm Alergol 2014; XXXI, 2: 71–76
DOI: 10.5114/pdia.2014.40945
Abstract
Introduction: Solar ultraviolet exposure is the main cause of skin damage by initiation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
leading to skin collagen imperfection and eventually skin roughness. This can be reduced by proper revitalization of
skin enhancing younger and healthier appearance.
Aim: To evaluate the skin facial revitalization effect of a cream formulation containing the Moringa oleifera leaf extract
on humans.
Material and methods: Active cream containing 3% of the concentrated extract of moringa leaves was developed by
entrapping in the inner aqueous phase of cream. Base contained no extract. Skin revitalizing parameters, i.e. surface,
volume, texture parameters and surface evaluation of the living skin (SELS) were assessed comparatively after appli-
cation of the base and active cream on human face using Visioscan®
VC 98 for a period of 3 months.
Results: Surface values were increased by the base and decreased by the active cream. Effects produced for the base
and active cream were significant and insignificant, respectively, as observed in the case of surface. Unlike the base,
the active cream showed significant effects on skin volume, texture parameters (energy, variance and contrast) and
SELS, SEr (skin roughness), SEsc (skin scaliness), SEsm (skin smoothness), and SEw (skin wrinkles) parameters.
Conclusions: The results suggested that moringa cream enhances skin revitalization effect and supports anti-aging
skin effects.
Key words: Moringa oleifera, cream, facial revitalization.
antioxidants like vitamin C, B and A [10]. Leaves are used as
purgative, applied as the poultice to sores, rubbed on the
temples for headaches, used for piles, fevers, sore throat,
bronchitis, eye and ear infections, anti-inflammatory, scurvy
and catarrh. It protects the human skin from environmental
influences and combats premature skin aging [11].
Aim
The aim of the study was to evaluate the skin facial
revitalization effect of a cream formulation containing
the Moringa oleifera leaf extract on humans.
Material and methods
Plant material
Moringa oleifera leaves were gathered in July 2010
in Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan and air dried at room tem-
perature for a period of 4 weeks.
Introduction
In the recent years the development of methods of
skin revitalization, i.e. of its restoration after damage of
any nature (including aging) has increased [1]. Solar ul-
traviolet exposure is the main cause of skin damage by
initiation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [2, 3]. These
can interfere with proteins; fatty acids and saccharides
resulted in oxidative damage [4] leading to skin colla-
gen imperfection and eventually skin roughness [5]. Ag-
ing is associated with morphological changes [1] and is
characterized by loss of elasticity, increased wrinkling,
irregular pigmentation, dryness and roughness [6, 7].
Recently, topical formulations have gained considerable
attention and interest as a vehicle for the drug delivery
to the human skin [8]. One approach in skin protection
against reducing skin aging is the use of plant phenolics
and antioxidants topically [5].
Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae) is a pan-tropical species
[9]. Moringa leaves are reported to be rich in phenolics and
2. Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii 2, April / 201472
Atif Ali, Naveed Akhtar, Farzana Chowdhary
Identification of the plant
Identification of the plant (M. oleifera) was made at
the Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies (CIDS), the Isla-
mia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. The specimen
(voucher Number: MO-LE-09-10-31) was deposited in the
Herbarium of the Islamia University Bahawalpur.
Materials
Abil EM 90 was procured from Franken Chemicals,
Germany, paraffin oil from Merck, Germany, methanol
and phosphoric acid from BDH, England. Deionized water
was obtained in the Pharmaceutical Labs of Department
of Pharmacy, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Ba-
hawalpur-Pakistan.
Preparation of the formulation
An active cream was prepared by an anionic hydro-
philic colloid (14% of Paraffin oil), 2% of Abil EM 90, 3%
of M. oleifera leaf extract, 0.2% of phosphoric acid, 1%
of fragrance and rest of deionized water. Heated oily
phase and aqueous phase were mixed using homog-
enizer (Euro-Star, IKAD 230, Germany) 5000 rpm for
15 min, 1000 rpm for 10 min and 500 rpm, by addition
of phosphoric acid, extract and fragrance till cooled. The
same method was adopted to prepare the base without
the extract.
Subjects
Eleven subjects were selected aged between 20 and
35 years [12]. All subjects were healthy males with no
known dermatological diseases or allergy to substance
in formulations. The Declaration of Helsinki was followed
in this single blind and controlled trial. Informed consent
was signed before the start of this study by all volun-
teers. The exclusion criteria were as follows: presence
of any dermatitis and/or other skin or allergic diseases,
smokers and previous treatment of cheeks’ skin with
cosmetic formulations such as sunscreens, moisturizers
or anti-aging cosmetics. The volunteers were asked not
to apply any topical products on cheeks 24 h. before the
beginning and throughout the test period. Additionally,
solar exposure and use of occlusive clothes on the test
area were forbidden.
Instrumental assessment
Visioscan®
VC 98 is a special UVA-light video cam-
era with high resolution to study the skin parameters
directly. The images show the structure of the skin and
the level of dryness very impressively. The camera can
be connected to the computer by the digitalization unit
Video Digitizer VD 300 via FireWire port. All measure-
ments were made in a draught-free room, with con-
trolled temperature (18.0–20.6°C) and relative humidity
(50–65%).
Study protocol
In vivo investigations have been carried out during
the winter months (October 2011 to January 2012). All
instrumental measurements were done by the author
according to manufacturer’s instructions. Two weeks
before the study beginning and during the treatment pe-
riod, the volunteers were permitted only to use normal
cleansing products. Each volunteer was then handed two
creams, the active cream containing the plant extract
and the base without the extract. The volunteers were
well informed about the correct use of the creams. Mea-
surements of skin parameters, which include surface, vol-
ume, texture parameters and surface evaluation of living
skin (SELS), were done every month up to the end of the
study period of 3 months. Approximately, 500 mg of both
active cream and base were to be applied to the cheeks
twice daily (mornings, 7:00–9:00; evenings, 19:00–21:00)
over a 12-week period at home by the volunteers. The
area around the eyes was omitted. Before all measure-
ments, volunteers remained in the experimental room
for at least 15 min in order to tolerate skin adjustment to
room temperature.
Ethical standards
The approval of this study (Ref. No. 3715/Acad) was
obtained from the Advanced Study and Research Board
(ASARB), the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawal-
pur and the Institutional Ethical Committee, Faculty of
Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, the Islamia Univer-
sity of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur-Pakistan.
Mathematical and statistical analysis
The skin parameter values (surface, volume, texture
parameters and surface evaluation of living skin) of the
right and left cheek of the volunteers were calculated at
0 h, 1st
, 2nd
and 3rd
month (Figure 1). SPSS 17.0 was used
for data analysis on the computer by using the two-way
ANOVA for variation at different time intervals and the
paired sample t-test for the variation between the two
formulations. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results and discussion
The values for the surface, volume, texture param-
eters and SELS were taken by Visioscan®
VC 98 before
application of the creams (0 h readings), then after 1st
, 2nd
and 3rd
month of the study period.
Surface and volume
Surface values (smoothness of the skin) is direct-
ly associated with the micro-furrows and furrows. Less
micro-furrows and furrows are indicative of smoothness
of skin and ultimately reduction in wrinkles [13]. In our
results, surface values are constantly decreased, which
is produced by the active cream and are increased by the
3. Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii 2, April / 2014
Enhancement of human skin facial revitalization by moringa leaf extract cream
73
base after application when assessed by Visioscan®
VC 98
(Figure 2). The base produced statistically significant ef-
fects at all reading intervals on the surface parameters,
and active cream produced insignificant effects when
two-way ANOVA was applied. When paired t-test was
applied, it was observed that the active cream produced
significant results in volunteers except the 2nd
month.
A positive surface reduction is associated with reduction
in depth of micro-wrinkles and reduction in skin rough-
ness [14]. However, in our results reduction was achieved
but not significant surface changes by moringa cream.
Volume measures the virtual amount of liquid (mm3
)
required to fill the depths in image. In young and smooth
surface of the skin less virtual liquid is required to fill
the depths. The active cream produced significant effects
when two-way ANOVA was performed. Descending val-
ues were observed for the active cream. The active cream
also showed significant effects when paired sample t-test
was applied for variation between the two creams. This
supports our findings of decreased volume values by the
active cream until the 12th
week when applied resulting
in skin smoothness and less rough skin as less amount of
virtual liquid is required as shown in Figure 3.
Texture parameters
The parameters (energy, contrast and variance) an-
alyze differences in colors of neighboring pixels [13]. Ef-
fects of texture parameters produced by the active cream
and base on volunteers are shown in Figure 4. Energy is
increased with an increased hydration level of the skin
and more homogeneity of an image [15]. In this study, an
Figure 1. The right cheek of a human volunteer (A) before and (B) after application of active cream for 3 months
A B
0
–2
–4
–6
–8
–10
–12
–14
–16
–18
–20
Percentagechange
Figure 2. Change (%) in the surface values of volunteers
after the application of the base and active cream
1M – application of the base and active cream after 1 month, 2M – application
of the base and active cream after 2 months, 3M – application of the base
and active cream after 3 months
1M 2M 3M
Time [month]
Base
Active cream
0
–2
–4
–6
–8
–10
–12
–14
–16
1M 2M 3M
Time [month]
Percentagechange
Base
Active cream
Figure 3. Change (%) in the volume values of volunteers
after the application of the base and active cream
1M – application of the base and active cream after 1 month, 2M – application
of the base and active cream after 2 months, 3M – application of the base
and active cream after 3 months
4. Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii 2, April / 201474
Atif Ali, Naveed Akhtar, Farzana Chowdhary
1B 1F 2B 2F 3B 3F
Time [month]
80
60
40
20
0
–20
–40
Percentagechange
Figure 4. Change (%) in skin texture parameter (energy, contrast and variance) of volunteers with time after following
application of base and active cream
1B – application of the base after 1 month, 1F – application of the active cream after 1 month, 2B – application of the base after 2 months, 2F – application of
the active cream after 2 months, 3B – application of the base after 3 months, 3F – application of the active cream after 3 months
Energy
Contrast
Variance
increase in the energy values for the active cream was
statistically significant at all reading intervals, but the
base produced insignificant effects. The active cream also
showed significant effects when paired sample t-test was
applied for variation between the two creams except the
3rd
month. Moisturizing and anti-aging treatment pro-
vides energy when applied so this study needs to assess
moisturization effects of the active cream evaluated by
a corneometer to support that either active cream may
provide hydration to the Stratum corneum. Our findings
of an increase in energy parameters indicated a general
overview over the state of skin as moisturizer. A signif-
icant result of energy obtained by moringa cream was
indicative of more elastic and hydrated skin in human
volunteers.
Variance is the average of a local variance over
a number of pixels. The actual value of the pixel is com-
pared to the average. High variance indicates high rough-
ness of skin surface [16]. In this study, a decrease in the
variance values for the active cream was statistically sig-
nificant at all reading intervals but the base produced
insignificant effects. The active cream also showed sig-
nificant effects when paired sample t-test was applied
for variation between the two creams. Our findings
disclosed a reduction in variance, which supports less
roughness of the skin surface.
Contrast indicates the difference between gray levels
of the two neighboring pixels. The higher the contrast,
the higher the different values of two neighbors. A good
skin condition will show low contrast values [16]. In this
study, a decrease in the contrast values for the active
cream was statistically significant at all reading intervals
but the base produced insignificant effects. The active
cream showed significant effects when paired sample
t-test was applied for variation between the two creams
except the 1st
and 2nd
month. Reduction in contrast show-
ed a better condition and smoothness of the skin result-
ing in the reduction in roughness.
Retaining a proper water gradient in the skin is es-
sential for maintenance of mechanical properties of col-
lagen as well as elastic fibers. Collagen and elastin retain
their three-dimensional structure in the hydrated form
only – water deficiency leads to altered physical qualities
of the proteins [16]. Enhanced elasticity of the skin on the
cheeks after the use of the moringa leaf extract-enriched
cream may result from proper skin hydration and at the
same time from normal activity of fibroblasts responsi-
ble for collagen synthesis. The presence of the moringa
leaf extract contributed to an enhanced division of fi-
broblasts, increased metabolism, including turnover of
collagen and elastin. Mechanical properties of the skin
(elasticity) depend on the structure and density of colla-
gen and elastic fibers. Normally functioning skin does not
lose the ability to contract and does not get slack, while
these factors contribute to the development of wrinkles.
Surface evaluation of living skin
The percentage changes of different SELS parameters
SEr, SEsc, SEsm and SEw measured by Visioscan®
VC 98
before application of creams and at the 1st
, 2nd
and 3rd
month of the study period are given in Figure 5. SEr is the
roughness parameter, which calculates the proportion of
dark pixels. SEsm is the index of smoothness and is cal-
5. Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii 2, April / 2014
Enhancement of human skin facial revitalization by moringa leaf extract cream
75
culated from the mean width and depth of wrinkles. SEsc
is the index of scaliness of skin, which shows the level
of skin dryness. SEw identifies aging including wrinkles
and is calculated from the proportion of horizontal and
vertical wrinkles [17]. In this study, it was found that the
base produced statistically insignificant effects on the
roughness parameter of the skin, and the active cream
produced significant effects at all reading intervals when
ANOVA two way analysis was performed. When paired
sample t-test was applied for SEr, SEsc, SEsm and Sew,
significant effects were observed for the active cream ex-
cept the 1st
and 2nd
month in the case of Ser, 3rd
month in
the case of SEsc, 1st
and 3rd
month in the case SEsm and
1st
and 3rd
month in the case of SEw. A gradual decrease
in the values of roughness, scaliness, smoothness and
wrinkles were observed for the active cream, which in-
dicated that the active cream had anti-aging properties.
The smaller SEsc value corresponds to higher skin mois-
ture as treatment with anti-aging formulations resulted
in lower values for SEsc. Lower values for the SEw param-
eter indicated that there were fewer wrinkles present on
the skin, which indicates that the active cream reduced
the fine wrinkles. This was directly related to the gain of
collagen.
It is assumed that the improvement in skin surface pa-
rameters can be attributed to the moringa phenolics which
include kaempferol, quercetin, rutin, gallic, chlorogenic, el-
lagic and ferulic acid and antioxidants, which include vita-
min A, C and B. Phenolics offer the best protection against
enzymes that cause the breakdown of collagen and elastin
in skin, ultimately skin rejuvenation [10, 11]. β-Carotene has
been revealed to have topical photo-protective outcomes
in an increase in protein and collagen as well as DNA con-
tent and increased epidermal thickening [18]. Vitamin B
functions as a humectant and increases the water content.
Humectants can attract water into the Stratum corneum to
soften the skin; this is effective as a moisturizer [18]. All of
these investigations collectively support our findings that
the active cream supports anti-aging properties.
Conclusions
The results achieved in this investigation suggest that
topical formulation of moringa extract is capable of revi-
talizing the skin and reducing signs of skin aging. Future
studies are required to unravel the anti-aging activity and
mechanism of plant constituents in the form of topical
formulation.
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank the Higher Education Com-
mission of Pakistan for providing financial support to the
study. The authors also acknowledge moral support given
by the Chairman and Dean of the Faculty of Pharmacy
and Alternative Medicine, the Islamia University of Ba-
hawalpur, Pakistan.
Conflict of interest
All authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Time [month]
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Percentagechange
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