The document discusses a study that assessed the effect of different drying methods (sun, shade, oven) on the nutritive value of drumstick leaves compared to fresh leaves. The results showed that drying methods significantly increased nutrient levels in the leaves, making them more concentrated sources of nutrients. Shade-dried leaves had the highest nutrient retention, followed by sun-dried and oven-dried leaves, though the differences were not statistically significant. Overall, drying drumstick leaves through various methods can help preserve and concentrate their nutritional value.
This document provides information on the uses, cultivation, and production of Moringa oleifera (moringa). It discusses how almost all parts of the moringa tree are used for food, oil, fiber, and medicine in many cultures. Commercially, mature seeds are used to produce oil and the seed cake leftover is used as fertilizer and for water purification. Leaves are commonly eaten and used as livestock feed. The document provides details on moringa's botanical description, environmental preferences, growth, cultivation practices, pests and diseases. It highlights that moringa is widely adapted to tropical and subtropical regions, and almost every part of the plant has uses.
Phytochemical Screening, Nutritional Composition and Antimicrobial Activity o...iosrjce
This document reports on a study that analyzed the phytochemical content, nutritional composition, and antimicrobial activity of Moringa oleifera seed and leaf extracts. Key findings include:
- Qualitative phytochemical screening found alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, terpenoids, and other compounds in the leaf extracts, while only terpenoids, steroids, and saponins were found in the seed extracts.
- Proximate analysis found the leaf had higher moisture, ash, and fiber content, while the seed had more lipid, protein, and carbohydrate.
- Antimicrobial testing showed both leaf and seed extracts had inhibitory effects against several gastrointestinal
This document is a project report on Moringa oleifera, also known as the miracle tree. It was submitted by a student to partially fulfill requirements for a Bachelor of Pharmacy degree. The report contains information on the botanical description, phytochemicals, nutritional content compared to other foods, health benefits, marketed products, and conclusions. It discusses how Moringa is a fast-growing, drought-resistant tree native to India that contains important vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Various Moringa products available commercially are also summarized such as teas, oils, and supplements.
This document summarizes the medicinal properties of Moringa oleifera based on a review of literature. It discusses how all parts of Moringa, including roots, bark, leaves, flowers, seeds and seed oil have been used traditionally for various ailments. Modern research has also found Moringa to have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antihypertensive, diuretic and cholesterol lowering properties. The review concludes that Moringa has great potential as a therapeutic agent and nutritional supplement, and further research could lead to development of novel medicines.
Proximate Composition of Whole Seeds and Pulp of African Black Velvet Tamarin...IOSR Journals
The document analyzes the proximate composition of whole seeds and pulp from the African black velvet tamarind (Dialium guineense). Analysis found higher levels of dry matter, crude fat, crude fiber, protein, and nitrogen in the whole seeds compared to the pulp. Conversely, the pulp contained higher levels of moisture, ash, organic matter, and carbohydrates. Mineral analysis found higher levels of magnesium, sodium, iron, and potassium in the pulp, while calcium was higher in the whole seeds. The results suggest the whole seeds and pulp can serve as good sources of essential nutrients for humans and livestock.
The potential of_moringa_oleifera_for_agricultural_and_industrial_usesSilentdisco Berlin
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
This document discusses the biodiversity of citrus in India. It notes that India has vast genetic diversity of citrus species, especially in the northeast, and is considered one of the original homes of citrus due to this diversity. It outlines the major citrus groups found in India, the centers of origin of important species, and the leading citrus producing states and districts. It also discusses conservation efforts like the Citrus Gene Sanctuary established by NBPGR to protect genetic resources, as well as ex situ conservation methods like seed banking.
This document provides taxonomic accounts and descriptions of the economic importance for 13 different Philippine crops. It details each crop's scientific classification including common name, kingdom, division, class, order, family, genus, species, and specific name. It then summarizes key facts about each crop's economic significance as a food, feed, fiber, industrial product or other uses. Crops include singkamas, talong, sigarilyas, mani, sitaw, bataw, patani, kundol, patola, upo, kalabasa, labanos and mustasa.
This document provides information on the uses, cultivation, and production of Moringa oleifera (moringa). It discusses how almost all parts of the moringa tree are used for food, oil, fiber, and medicine in many cultures. Commercially, mature seeds are used to produce oil and the seed cake leftover is used as fertilizer and for water purification. Leaves are commonly eaten and used as livestock feed. The document provides details on moringa's botanical description, environmental preferences, growth, cultivation practices, pests and diseases. It highlights that moringa is widely adapted to tropical and subtropical regions, and almost every part of the plant has uses.
Phytochemical Screening, Nutritional Composition and Antimicrobial Activity o...iosrjce
This document reports on a study that analyzed the phytochemical content, nutritional composition, and antimicrobial activity of Moringa oleifera seed and leaf extracts. Key findings include:
- Qualitative phytochemical screening found alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, terpenoids, and other compounds in the leaf extracts, while only terpenoids, steroids, and saponins were found in the seed extracts.
- Proximate analysis found the leaf had higher moisture, ash, and fiber content, while the seed had more lipid, protein, and carbohydrate.
- Antimicrobial testing showed both leaf and seed extracts had inhibitory effects against several gastrointestinal
This document is a project report on Moringa oleifera, also known as the miracle tree. It was submitted by a student to partially fulfill requirements for a Bachelor of Pharmacy degree. The report contains information on the botanical description, phytochemicals, nutritional content compared to other foods, health benefits, marketed products, and conclusions. It discusses how Moringa is a fast-growing, drought-resistant tree native to India that contains important vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Various Moringa products available commercially are also summarized such as teas, oils, and supplements.
This document summarizes the medicinal properties of Moringa oleifera based on a review of literature. It discusses how all parts of Moringa, including roots, bark, leaves, flowers, seeds and seed oil have been used traditionally for various ailments. Modern research has also found Moringa to have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antihypertensive, diuretic and cholesterol lowering properties. The review concludes that Moringa has great potential as a therapeutic agent and nutritional supplement, and further research could lead to development of novel medicines.
Proximate Composition of Whole Seeds and Pulp of African Black Velvet Tamarin...IOSR Journals
The document analyzes the proximate composition of whole seeds and pulp from the African black velvet tamarind (Dialium guineense). Analysis found higher levels of dry matter, crude fat, crude fiber, protein, and nitrogen in the whole seeds compared to the pulp. Conversely, the pulp contained higher levels of moisture, ash, organic matter, and carbohydrates. Mineral analysis found higher levels of magnesium, sodium, iron, and potassium in the pulp, while calcium was higher in the whole seeds. The results suggest the whole seeds and pulp can serve as good sources of essential nutrients for humans and livestock.
The potential of_moringa_oleifera_for_agricultural_and_industrial_usesSilentdisco Berlin
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
This document discusses the biodiversity of citrus in India. It notes that India has vast genetic diversity of citrus species, especially in the northeast, and is considered one of the original homes of citrus due to this diversity. It outlines the major citrus groups found in India, the centers of origin of important species, and the leading citrus producing states and districts. It also discusses conservation efforts like the Citrus Gene Sanctuary established by NBPGR to protect genetic resources, as well as ex situ conservation methods like seed banking.
This document provides taxonomic accounts and descriptions of the economic importance for 13 different Philippine crops. It details each crop's scientific classification including common name, kingdom, division, class, order, family, genus, species, and specific name. It then summarizes key facts about each crop's economic significance as a food, feed, fiber, industrial product or other uses. Crops include singkamas, talong, sigarilyas, mani, sitaw, bataw, patani, kundol, patola, upo, kalabasa, labanos and mustasa.
Antimicrobial Properties of Different Parts of Citrallus Lanatus A Reviewijtsrd
Citrallus lanatus watermelon is a popularly studied fruit crop for its various medicinal application because of the presence of many bioactive compounds. The different parts of the plant especially the fruit pulp and seeds are reported to have many applications based on its antioxidant, anti plasmodial, anti inflammatory, antisecretory, antidiabetic properties. The antimicrobial aspects of different parts of Citrallus lanatus including the seeds, fruit pulp, rind and leaves are discussed in this study. The effectiveness of rind extract as antibacterial and anti fungal agent is of great potential since it is considered as a waste material after watermelon processing in industries. The present review aims to compile the antimicrobial action and the targeted microorganism so that the data can be used to stimulate further scientific research. Sruthi Menon "Antimicrobial Properties of Different Parts of Citrallus Lanatus - A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30818.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/30818/antimicrobial-properties-of-different-parts-of-citrallus-lanatus--a-review/sruthi-menon
A review on Moringa oleifera- A potent medicinal herb|Ijb vol-16-no-4-p-500-508Innspub Net
Moringa oleifera L. (Family: Moringaceae) is an incredibly useful medicinal herb, possess significantly high nutritional value. It is an exceptionally healthy herb which is edible and its tree could easily and cheaply be cultivated and grown in Pakistan. It is also known as super food as it contains indigenous basis of highly digestible protein, iron, calcium, potassium, Vitamins A, C, E and polyphenols. Moringa is rich source of phytochemicals such as myricetin, phenolic substances, phenolic acids, flavonoids, isothiocyanates, tannins and saponins, quercetin, zeatin and kaempferol flavonoids which are effective antioxidants that have several therapeutic benefits. It is used as a medical herb having various health benefits. Moreover, different portions of moringa such a seed, roots, buds, leaves, flowers and bark, possess various forms of biological actions, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-carcinogenic, antihypertensive, anti-hyperlipidemic, antidiabetic hepatoprotective and neuroprotective activities, that helps in the treatment of different aliments. The current review highlights the medicinal, therapeutic properties of and mechanisms of compounds extracted from Moringa oleifera also gaining new perspectives for further researches and advancement.
Effect of Natural Farming Inputs as Nutrient Source Applied at Different Leve...Innspub Net
The document describes a study that tested the effects of different natural farming inputs (fermented fruit juice, fermented plant juice, fish amino acid, kuhol amino acid) applied at various levels as nutrient sources for hydroponically grown lettuce. The study found that lettuce grown with the commercial SNAP solution produced the tallest plants, most leaves, and heaviest fresh weight. Master blend solution also performed similarly to SNAP solution. While the natural farming inputs delayed maturity by one week compared to the commercial solutions, they can still be used as potential nutrient sources for hydroponic lettuce production.
Functional, Chemical, and Phytochemical Properties of Soup Thickener Produced...BRNSS Publication Hub
Blends of 50:50 g of jackfruit seed flour (Artocarpus heterophyllus) and ofor seed flour (Detarium microcarpum) were mixed together, sieved to pass 0.25 mm sieve and packaged in an airtight container. The proximate composition of the flour sample was determined to be 9.78%, 19.25%, 6.50%, 2.75%, 7.06%, and 54.66% for moisture content, crude protein content, fat and oil content, crude fiber content, ash content, and carbohydrate content, respectively. Furthermore, the mineral contents of the flour sample were Ca (34.00 mg/kg), K (303.00 mg/kg), Na (3.0 mg/kg), Mg (37.00 mg/kg), and Zn (0.42 mg/kg), respectively. Phytochemical values were also determined to be 0.42%, 1.00%, 2.80%, 1.60%, 0.82 mg/g, and 23.00 μg/100 g for flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, saponin, phenol, and carotenoid, respectively. Furthermore, the functional properties of flour sample were determined to be 0.53 g/ml, 7.50%, 8.00%, 10.00%, 90.90%, 6.25%, 0.25%, and 95.00°C for bulk density, water adsorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foam capacity, foam stability, emulsification capacity, gelation capacity, and gelation temperature, respectively. The flour sample and cocoyam flour were also used as thickener for soup and were sensory evaluated. The result shows that there were no significant differences (P ≥ 0.05) between them.
This document provides an introduction and literature review on neem (Azadirachta indica) seed germination and storage. Key points:
1. Neem is a multipurpose tree species found in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia. Its seeds are used for medicine, pesticides, and other products. However, the seeds have short storage life and lose viability rapidly.
2. Previous studies have found conflicting evidence on whether neem seeds are recalcitrant, intermediate, or orthodox in storage behavior. Recalcitrant seeds cannot be dried without loss of viability while orthodox seeds can be dried and stored long-term.
3. The literature review covers physiological parameters like effects of
Anti microbial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of roots and leaves...SriramNagarajan19
Murraya koenigii, family Rutaceae, commonly known as Curry leaf plant is a highly valued plant for its medicinal value and characteristic aroma.The plant shows varied pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, antifungal,hypoglycemic,antiobese,antipyretic,hepatoprotective etc., The plant is a rich source of carbazole alkaloids containing mahanimbine as a major alkaloidal constituent in its major proportion which was proved by mayer’s alkaloidal test. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of roots and leaves of the plant were screened for antimicrobial activity for Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli.The antimicrobial activity was tested by diffusion assay method in which cup plate method was chosen. The study shows that aqueous and ethanolic root and leaf extracts possess remarkable antimicrobial activity when compared with standard cephalosporin. Thus,Murraya Koenigii shows tremendous antimicrobial activity with root and leaf extracts.
Turbidity and Colour Reduction of Pond Water Using Extracts of Diospyros mesp...AZOJETE UNIMAID
The study examined the coagulation performance of leaves and root bark extracts of Diospyros mespiliformis, Mitragyna inermis, Piliostigma reticulatum and Tamarindus indica. The plant materials were collected along River Kubwa in Damboa local Government area of Borno State, Nigeria. The crude extracts of these plant materials were prepared based on soxhlet method using soxhlet solvent extractor. About 400mg of each pulverized sample was used for the extraction process. Three (3) liters of distilled water was used for the extraction process. The extracts were each added to highly turbid (422 NTU) pond water samples at various dosages of 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, and 135mg/l and a conventional coagulation-flocculation jar tests were conducted. The nature of the flocs formation for all the plant extracts were observed to be smoky rather than aggregating into denser masses and resulted in turbidity and colour removal efficiencies of 0.71-18.57% and 1.17-22.38% respectively. The coagulation activities were subjected to T-Test Analysis and it indicated that there was statistically (P< 0.05) significance difference at different concentrations. The results also revealed slight decrease in pH in the range of 8.1-7.55 exhibited by all the extracts. From the results of the turbidity and colour removal efficiencies, it can be concluded that these plant materials have the potential of improving the quality of pond or surface water (which most rural communities in developing countries depend for many purposes) that are heavily turbid; However, for them to perform effectively, a coagulant aid is required.
India has a great heritage of traditional foods. Every state has its own special food which is consumed in a particular season and occasion. Soru-chakli is one of such traditional food of West Bengal, consumed during rainy season and is made from the batter of raw rice flour and palmyra palm (Borassua flabellifer) pulp. It has an attractive yellow colour and pleasant flavor. The present study has the objectives of documenting the traditional knowledge pertaining to preparing soru-chakli. Traditional knowledge offers enormous potential for development of social-economic conditions of the particular area and state. Therefore, every effort must be made to preserve this traditional knowledge so that they can carry on with their aesthetic beauty & knowledge into prosperity.
The document provides an extensive literature review on the ethnopharmacological applications of Moringa. It finds that while Moringa has been used for centuries as both food and medicine in regions like India, Africa, and the Middle East, there is a lack of specific dosing details and clinical trials. The review highlights 13 species of Moringa and their indigenous regions. It discusses the plant's historical uses in ancient Egypt, Rome, Greece, India, and its eventual spread to the Americas. Current research on Moringa focuses on nutritional and medicinal properties but more studies are still needed, especially on under-examined species beyond M. oleifera.
Project of PG Diploma Environmental Studies of Andhra Universityrcedr
PG Diploma in Environmental Studies project report--Good to know information on Environmental related issues and the conflict between the Industrial development and the Depleting Environmental Conditions
A Survey on the Pteridophyte Flora of the 18 Selected Sacred Groves in Chalav...IJEABJ
An exploratory survey conducted on Pteridophytic flora in the 18 selected sacred groves of Chalavara Grama panchayath, Ottapalamtaluk, Palakkad district, Kerala lead to the collection of 26 species of pteridophytes coming under 20 genera and 14 families. Among them, 02 families belongs to class Lycopsida, 01 family belongs to class Psilotopsida and remaining belongs to class Polypodiopsida. Out of 26 species 21 species are terrestrial, 3 species are epiphytes and 2 species are aquatic.
Each organisms obtaining food in a precise form which depends on its genetic potentials. The availability of food influenced the troop home size in the focal troops. Present work discussing the availability of food stuff and home range. When food available in plenty, home range tends to decreased and when food available in scared the home range increased.
This document examines the effects of air and time on the acidity levels of various fruits. Titrimetric experiments were conducted to determine the average volume of sodium hydroxide solution needed to reach the endpoint for fruit juice samples over multiple time periods. The results showed that for most fruits, exposure to air decreased acidity levels over time, as indicated by a decreasing volume of sodium hydroxide needed. However, for pineapple the volume increased with more time, suggesting its acidity increases with ripening. For banana, acidity sharply increased with longer exposure, also relating to ripening. The document concludes that air interaction and ripening degree impact fruit acidity levels.
Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity evaluation of aqueous and ...Premier Publishers
Azadirachta indica Juss (neem) is a plant which has been used for a long time as traditional medicine for household remedy against various human ailments from antiquity. To evaluate the scientific basis for the use of Azadirachta indica, both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the dried leaves of the plant were subjected to phytochemical screening and determination of anti-microbial activity on six different species of bacteria and a fungus. The phytochemical screening of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of dried powdered leaves of the plant was done using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of the concentrated extracts was evaluated by determination of the diameter of zone of inhibition against the microorganisms using agar well diffusion method. The Phytochemical screening of the test plant revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, cardiac glucosides, phenols, resins, tannins, terpenes and steroids. Although, both plant extracts had antimicrobial effects against the test organisms, the aqueous extracts were found to show greater anti-microbial effect than ethanolic extract. Thus, the mean diameter zones of inhibition ranged from 0.03mm-40.00mm for aqueous extract and 0.50mm-21.00mm for ethanolic extract at the highest concentration of 50mg/ml. The finding of this study supports the use of neem leaf in the treatment of various microbial infections by alternative systems of medicine.
ABSTRACT- Guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) is important for its food and nutritional values through out the world of the tropical fruit. The whole plant consists of medicinal properties such as fruit, leaf and other parts of the plant are also used in traditional system of medicine. So that, each part of guava tree contained the economic importance because it is cheap and used in several food dishes and also cultivated on the commercial level. Guava plant is considered to the process of the biological activity and medicinal application of guava so thatthe fruit considered as the poor man apple of tropics. The guava plant parts are used for the treatment of various skin allergy such as patches in your chick, dullness of the face etc. In the investigation, nutritional value of each part of guava fruit and medicinal properties of the fruit, these was obtained from various valuable parts and have been used to provide collective information on its multi purpose applications for human beings.
Key words: Fruit, Fever, Hexanal, Anti-Inflammatory, Psidium guajava L.,
Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is a tree cultivated for its multiple uses, mainly for its nutritional and medicinal values. Its various parts, including tender coconut water, copra, coconut oil, raw kernel, and coconut cake, have numerous medicinal properties and provide health benefits. Coconut water and kernel contain micronutrients and electrolytes essential for human health. Historically, coconut products have been used in Indian folk medicine and Ayurveda to treat various conditions. Modern research also shows coconut and its derivatives have antioxidant, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects and may help prevent diseases.
Microwave assited synthesis of african arrowrootObinna Ofoegbu
This document summarizes research on modifying starch from the tuber of African arrowroot into a fat mimetic using monochloroacetic acid as a crosslinker. Key points include:
1) Starch was extracted from African arrowroot tubers harvested in Benue State, Nigeria.
2) The dried starch was characterized prior to being converted into a fat mimetic through chemical crosslinking with monochloroacetic acid.
3) The research aims to develop a high value fat replacer for use in the food and allied industries from this local starch source.
Conservation & Sustainable Utility of Medicinal Plants - Dr Akhilraj A RAkhilraj A R
This document summarizes the conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants. It discusses how medicinal plants have been used for centuries as the primary healthcare for 80% of developing countries. However, increasing demand and habitat loss have endangered many species. Overharvesting, deforestation, and lack of traditional knowledge threaten medicinal plants. Conservation strategies like protected areas, propagation, and reducing anthropogenic pressures can help sustainably use the estimated 6,000-7,000 medicinal plant species in India. Both in situ and ex situ conservation are needed to protect biodiversity and ensure continued access to medicinal plants.
Yield Performances of Pleurotus ostreatus on Different Growth Substrates as I...IOSRJPBS
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of some vegetables (Diplazium sammatii, Moringa oleifera, and Justicia insularis) as additives on the growth parameters of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated on two substrates; banana leaves (BL) and banana leaves/sawdust (BL/SD). The substrates were amended with these vegetables at different concentration levels (0 g, 5 g, 10 g and 15 g). Spawn running was completed in 30, 35, and 40 days in banana leaves, banana leaves/sawdust and the control respectively. Parameters assessed included area of pileus, number of fruit bodies, fresh weight, dry weight, length of stipe and girth of stipe. Higher mean values for fresh weight (21.69 g), area of pileus (42.58 cm2 ), length of stipe (5.10 g) and girth of stipe (4.30 g) were obtained from BL substrate treated to 5 g M. oleifera leaf powder. These values were significantly different from values obtained for other plant additives. Considering the number of fruit bodiesthat emerged on BL/SD substrates, the control produced more fruit bodies than the substrates with additives. The best performance in BL/SD substrates was observed when the substrate was treated to 10 g J. insularis in some of the parameters assessed. These included fresh weight (20.64 g), number of fruit bodies (8.00) and stipe girth (3.44 cm).Other parameters like area of pileus (36.08 cm2 ) and dry weight (2.39 cm), control had a better performance. While for length of stipe, 15 g M. oleifera leaf powder had the highest mean value that was significantly different (P≤0.05) from what was observed in substrates amended with other additives. It is therefore evident that these vegetables have high potential for utilization as additives or supplements for growing of Pleurotus ostreatus especially when using BL as substrates. In addition, substratesadditive concentration combination played a significant role in selective organ growth of the test mushroom.
Moringa oleifera (family Moringaceae) is the only genus which is cultivated most widely. Moringa is commonly known
as drumstick tree, horseradish tree, benzoil tree etc. Moringa oleifera is very resistant, fast growing and requires very less amount
of water to grow, i.e. it can grow also in drought conditions. Drumstick tree is a native of southern foothills of the Himalayas in
north-west India, and it is widely cultivated in India in tropical and subtropical regions were the seed pods are used as a part of
the diet.
Moringa is used since the ancient times in India and is also a native of India. Moringa is having very high nutritional
values with around 40 antioxidants and is rich in vitamins A, B, C, D, E and K. Not only vitamins but the plant is also very rich
in mineral contents and contains Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, and Zn. The properties and contents of Moringa can cure a number
of deficiencies and diseases. The consumption of Moringa can control blood pressure, eyesight, prepare mental alertness and
bone strength. Moringa is also used as a fodder for livestock. Therefore, this paper is enlightening the use of Moninga as a rich
source of food for the nutritional enrichment.
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
Antimicrobial Properties of Different Parts of Citrallus Lanatus A Reviewijtsrd
Citrallus lanatus watermelon is a popularly studied fruit crop for its various medicinal application because of the presence of many bioactive compounds. The different parts of the plant especially the fruit pulp and seeds are reported to have many applications based on its antioxidant, anti plasmodial, anti inflammatory, antisecretory, antidiabetic properties. The antimicrobial aspects of different parts of Citrallus lanatus including the seeds, fruit pulp, rind and leaves are discussed in this study. The effectiveness of rind extract as antibacterial and anti fungal agent is of great potential since it is considered as a waste material after watermelon processing in industries. The present review aims to compile the antimicrobial action and the targeted microorganism so that the data can be used to stimulate further scientific research. Sruthi Menon "Antimicrobial Properties of Different Parts of Citrallus Lanatus - A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30818.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/30818/antimicrobial-properties-of-different-parts-of-citrallus-lanatus--a-review/sruthi-menon
A review on Moringa oleifera- A potent medicinal herb|Ijb vol-16-no-4-p-500-508Innspub Net
Moringa oleifera L. (Family: Moringaceae) is an incredibly useful medicinal herb, possess significantly high nutritional value. It is an exceptionally healthy herb which is edible and its tree could easily and cheaply be cultivated and grown in Pakistan. It is also known as super food as it contains indigenous basis of highly digestible protein, iron, calcium, potassium, Vitamins A, C, E and polyphenols. Moringa is rich source of phytochemicals such as myricetin, phenolic substances, phenolic acids, flavonoids, isothiocyanates, tannins and saponins, quercetin, zeatin and kaempferol flavonoids which are effective antioxidants that have several therapeutic benefits. It is used as a medical herb having various health benefits. Moreover, different portions of moringa such a seed, roots, buds, leaves, flowers and bark, possess various forms of biological actions, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-carcinogenic, antihypertensive, anti-hyperlipidemic, antidiabetic hepatoprotective and neuroprotective activities, that helps in the treatment of different aliments. The current review highlights the medicinal, therapeutic properties of and mechanisms of compounds extracted from Moringa oleifera also gaining new perspectives for further researches and advancement.
Effect of Natural Farming Inputs as Nutrient Source Applied at Different Leve...Innspub Net
The document describes a study that tested the effects of different natural farming inputs (fermented fruit juice, fermented plant juice, fish amino acid, kuhol amino acid) applied at various levels as nutrient sources for hydroponically grown lettuce. The study found that lettuce grown with the commercial SNAP solution produced the tallest plants, most leaves, and heaviest fresh weight. Master blend solution also performed similarly to SNAP solution. While the natural farming inputs delayed maturity by one week compared to the commercial solutions, they can still be used as potential nutrient sources for hydroponic lettuce production.
Functional, Chemical, and Phytochemical Properties of Soup Thickener Produced...BRNSS Publication Hub
Blends of 50:50 g of jackfruit seed flour (Artocarpus heterophyllus) and ofor seed flour (Detarium microcarpum) were mixed together, sieved to pass 0.25 mm sieve and packaged in an airtight container. The proximate composition of the flour sample was determined to be 9.78%, 19.25%, 6.50%, 2.75%, 7.06%, and 54.66% for moisture content, crude protein content, fat and oil content, crude fiber content, ash content, and carbohydrate content, respectively. Furthermore, the mineral contents of the flour sample were Ca (34.00 mg/kg), K (303.00 mg/kg), Na (3.0 mg/kg), Mg (37.00 mg/kg), and Zn (0.42 mg/kg), respectively. Phytochemical values were also determined to be 0.42%, 1.00%, 2.80%, 1.60%, 0.82 mg/g, and 23.00 μg/100 g for flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, saponin, phenol, and carotenoid, respectively. Furthermore, the functional properties of flour sample were determined to be 0.53 g/ml, 7.50%, 8.00%, 10.00%, 90.90%, 6.25%, 0.25%, and 95.00°C for bulk density, water adsorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foam capacity, foam stability, emulsification capacity, gelation capacity, and gelation temperature, respectively. The flour sample and cocoyam flour were also used as thickener for soup and were sensory evaluated. The result shows that there were no significant differences (P ≥ 0.05) between them.
This document provides an introduction and literature review on neem (Azadirachta indica) seed germination and storage. Key points:
1. Neem is a multipurpose tree species found in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia. Its seeds are used for medicine, pesticides, and other products. However, the seeds have short storage life and lose viability rapidly.
2. Previous studies have found conflicting evidence on whether neem seeds are recalcitrant, intermediate, or orthodox in storage behavior. Recalcitrant seeds cannot be dried without loss of viability while orthodox seeds can be dried and stored long-term.
3. The literature review covers physiological parameters like effects of
Anti microbial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of roots and leaves...SriramNagarajan19
Murraya koenigii, family Rutaceae, commonly known as Curry leaf plant is a highly valued plant for its medicinal value and characteristic aroma.The plant shows varied pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, antifungal,hypoglycemic,antiobese,antipyretic,hepatoprotective etc., The plant is a rich source of carbazole alkaloids containing mahanimbine as a major alkaloidal constituent in its major proportion which was proved by mayer’s alkaloidal test. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of roots and leaves of the plant were screened for antimicrobial activity for Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli.The antimicrobial activity was tested by diffusion assay method in which cup plate method was chosen. The study shows that aqueous and ethanolic root and leaf extracts possess remarkable antimicrobial activity when compared with standard cephalosporin. Thus,Murraya Koenigii shows tremendous antimicrobial activity with root and leaf extracts.
Turbidity and Colour Reduction of Pond Water Using Extracts of Diospyros mesp...AZOJETE UNIMAID
The study examined the coagulation performance of leaves and root bark extracts of Diospyros mespiliformis, Mitragyna inermis, Piliostigma reticulatum and Tamarindus indica. The plant materials were collected along River Kubwa in Damboa local Government area of Borno State, Nigeria. The crude extracts of these plant materials were prepared based on soxhlet method using soxhlet solvent extractor. About 400mg of each pulverized sample was used for the extraction process. Three (3) liters of distilled water was used for the extraction process. The extracts were each added to highly turbid (422 NTU) pond water samples at various dosages of 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, and 135mg/l and a conventional coagulation-flocculation jar tests were conducted. The nature of the flocs formation for all the plant extracts were observed to be smoky rather than aggregating into denser masses and resulted in turbidity and colour removal efficiencies of 0.71-18.57% and 1.17-22.38% respectively. The coagulation activities were subjected to T-Test Analysis and it indicated that there was statistically (P< 0.05) significance difference at different concentrations. The results also revealed slight decrease in pH in the range of 8.1-7.55 exhibited by all the extracts. From the results of the turbidity and colour removal efficiencies, it can be concluded that these plant materials have the potential of improving the quality of pond or surface water (which most rural communities in developing countries depend for many purposes) that are heavily turbid; However, for them to perform effectively, a coagulant aid is required.
India has a great heritage of traditional foods. Every state has its own special food which is consumed in a particular season and occasion. Soru-chakli is one of such traditional food of West Bengal, consumed during rainy season and is made from the batter of raw rice flour and palmyra palm (Borassua flabellifer) pulp. It has an attractive yellow colour and pleasant flavor. The present study has the objectives of documenting the traditional knowledge pertaining to preparing soru-chakli. Traditional knowledge offers enormous potential for development of social-economic conditions of the particular area and state. Therefore, every effort must be made to preserve this traditional knowledge so that they can carry on with their aesthetic beauty & knowledge into prosperity.
The document provides an extensive literature review on the ethnopharmacological applications of Moringa. It finds that while Moringa has been used for centuries as both food and medicine in regions like India, Africa, and the Middle East, there is a lack of specific dosing details and clinical trials. The review highlights 13 species of Moringa and their indigenous regions. It discusses the plant's historical uses in ancient Egypt, Rome, Greece, India, and its eventual spread to the Americas. Current research on Moringa focuses on nutritional and medicinal properties but more studies are still needed, especially on under-examined species beyond M. oleifera.
Project of PG Diploma Environmental Studies of Andhra Universityrcedr
PG Diploma in Environmental Studies project report--Good to know information on Environmental related issues and the conflict between the Industrial development and the Depleting Environmental Conditions
A Survey on the Pteridophyte Flora of the 18 Selected Sacred Groves in Chalav...IJEABJ
An exploratory survey conducted on Pteridophytic flora in the 18 selected sacred groves of Chalavara Grama panchayath, Ottapalamtaluk, Palakkad district, Kerala lead to the collection of 26 species of pteridophytes coming under 20 genera and 14 families. Among them, 02 families belongs to class Lycopsida, 01 family belongs to class Psilotopsida and remaining belongs to class Polypodiopsida. Out of 26 species 21 species are terrestrial, 3 species are epiphytes and 2 species are aquatic.
Each organisms obtaining food in a precise form which depends on its genetic potentials. The availability of food influenced the troop home size in the focal troops. Present work discussing the availability of food stuff and home range. When food available in plenty, home range tends to decreased and when food available in scared the home range increased.
This document examines the effects of air and time on the acidity levels of various fruits. Titrimetric experiments were conducted to determine the average volume of sodium hydroxide solution needed to reach the endpoint for fruit juice samples over multiple time periods. The results showed that for most fruits, exposure to air decreased acidity levels over time, as indicated by a decreasing volume of sodium hydroxide needed. However, for pineapple the volume increased with more time, suggesting its acidity increases with ripening. For banana, acidity sharply increased with longer exposure, also relating to ripening. The document concludes that air interaction and ripening degree impact fruit acidity levels.
Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity evaluation of aqueous and ...Premier Publishers
Azadirachta indica Juss (neem) is a plant which has been used for a long time as traditional medicine for household remedy against various human ailments from antiquity. To evaluate the scientific basis for the use of Azadirachta indica, both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the dried leaves of the plant were subjected to phytochemical screening and determination of anti-microbial activity on six different species of bacteria and a fungus. The phytochemical screening of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of dried powdered leaves of the plant was done using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of the concentrated extracts was evaluated by determination of the diameter of zone of inhibition against the microorganisms using agar well diffusion method. The Phytochemical screening of the test plant revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, cardiac glucosides, phenols, resins, tannins, terpenes and steroids. Although, both plant extracts had antimicrobial effects against the test organisms, the aqueous extracts were found to show greater anti-microbial effect than ethanolic extract. Thus, the mean diameter zones of inhibition ranged from 0.03mm-40.00mm for aqueous extract and 0.50mm-21.00mm for ethanolic extract at the highest concentration of 50mg/ml. The finding of this study supports the use of neem leaf in the treatment of various microbial infections by alternative systems of medicine.
ABSTRACT- Guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) is important for its food and nutritional values through out the world of the tropical fruit. The whole plant consists of medicinal properties such as fruit, leaf and other parts of the plant are also used in traditional system of medicine. So that, each part of guava tree contained the economic importance because it is cheap and used in several food dishes and also cultivated on the commercial level. Guava plant is considered to the process of the biological activity and medicinal application of guava so thatthe fruit considered as the poor man apple of tropics. The guava plant parts are used for the treatment of various skin allergy such as patches in your chick, dullness of the face etc. In the investigation, nutritional value of each part of guava fruit and medicinal properties of the fruit, these was obtained from various valuable parts and have been used to provide collective information on its multi purpose applications for human beings.
Key words: Fruit, Fever, Hexanal, Anti-Inflammatory, Psidium guajava L.,
Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is a tree cultivated for its multiple uses, mainly for its nutritional and medicinal values. Its various parts, including tender coconut water, copra, coconut oil, raw kernel, and coconut cake, have numerous medicinal properties and provide health benefits. Coconut water and kernel contain micronutrients and electrolytes essential for human health. Historically, coconut products have been used in Indian folk medicine and Ayurveda to treat various conditions. Modern research also shows coconut and its derivatives have antioxidant, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects and may help prevent diseases.
Microwave assited synthesis of african arrowrootObinna Ofoegbu
This document summarizes research on modifying starch from the tuber of African arrowroot into a fat mimetic using monochloroacetic acid as a crosslinker. Key points include:
1) Starch was extracted from African arrowroot tubers harvested in Benue State, Nigeria.
2) The dried starch was characterized prior to being converted into a fat mimetic through chemical crosslinking with monochloroacetic acid.
3) The research aims to develop a high value fat replacer for use in the food and allied industries from this local starch source.
Conservation & Sustainable Utility of Medicinal Plants - Dr Akhilraj A RAkhilraj A R
This document summarizes the conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants. It discusses how medicinal plants have been used for centuries as the primary healthcare for 80% of developing countries. However, increasing demand and habitat loss have endangered many species. Overharvesting, deforestation, and lack of traditional knowledge threaten medicinal plants. Conservation strategies like protected areas, propagation, and reducing anthropogenic pressures can help sustainably use the estimated 6,000-7,000 medicinal plant species in India. Both in situ and ex situ conservation are needed to protect biodiversity and ensure continued access to medicinal plants.
Yield Performances of Pleurotus ostreatus on Different Growth Substrates as I...IOSRJPBS
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of some vegetables (Diplazium sammatii, Moringa oleifera, and Justicia insularis) as additives on the growth parameters of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated on two substrates; banana leaves (BL) and banana leaves/sawdust (BL/SD). The substrates were amended with these vegetables at different concentration levels (0 g, 5 g, 10 g and 15 g). Spawn running was completed in 30, 35, and 40 days in banana leaves, banana leaves/sawdust and the control respectively. Parameters assessed included area of pileus, number of fruit bodies, fresh weight, dry weight, length of stipe and girth of stipe. Higher mean values for fresh weight (21.69 g), area of pileus (42.58 cm2 ), length of stipe (5.10 g) and girth of stipe (4.30 g) were obtained from BL substrate treated to 5 g M. oleifera leaf powder. These values were significantly different from values obtained for other plant additives. Considering the number of fruit bodiesthat emerged on BL/SD substrates, the control produced more fruit bodies than the substrates with additives. The best performance in BL/SD substrates was observed when the substrate was treated to 10 g J. insularis in some of the parameters assessed. These included fresh weight (20.64 g), number of fruit bodies (8.00) and stipe girth (3.44 cm).Other parameters like area of pileus (36.08 cm2 ) and dry weight (2.39 cm), control had a better performance. While for length of stipe, 15 g M. oleifera leaf powder had the highest mean value that was significantly different (P≤0.05) from what was observed in substrates amended with other additives. It is therefore evident that these vegetables have high potential for utilization as additives or supplements for growing of Pleurotus ostreatus especially when using BL as substrates. In addition, substratesadditive concentration combination played a significant role in selective organ growth of the test mushroom.
Moringa oleifera (family Moringaceae) is the only genus which is cultivated most widely. Moringa is commonly known
as drumstick tree, horseradish tree, benzoil tree etc. Moringa oleifera is very resistant, fast growing and requires very less amount
of water to grow, i.e. it can grow also in drought conditions. Drumstick tree is a native of southern foothills of the Himalayas in
north-west India, and it is widely cultivated in India in tropical and subtropical regions were the seed pods are used as a part of
the diet.
Moringa is used since the ancient times in India and is also a native of India. Moringa is having very high nutritional
values with around 40 antioxidants and is rich in vitamins A, B, C, D, E and K. Not only vitamins but the plant is also very rich
in mineral contents and contains Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, and Zn. The properties and contents of Moringa can cure a number
of deficiencies and diseases. The consumption of Moringa can control blood pressure, eyesight, prepare mental alertness and
bone strength. Moringa is also used as a fodder for livestock. Therefore, this paper is enlightening the use of Moninga as a rich
source of food for the nutritional enrichment.
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
The document discusses the many uses and nutritional benefits of the moringa tree. Some key points:
- Moringa leaves and leaf powder are highly nutritious and can be used to treat malnutrition, as they are rich in vitamins, minerals, and protein. They have been used successfully in community development projects in places like Senegal.
- Moringa pods, flowers, seeds, and young seedlings can also be eaten and provide nutrition. The tree's many parts can be consumed or used fresh, dried, or powdered.
- Moringa grows widely in tropical areas and is drought-resistant. It has potential to improve nutrition and health across many communities.
A review of the applications of moringa oleifera seeds extract in water treat...Alexander Decker
This document reviews the applications of Moringa oleifera seeds extract in water treatment. It discusses how M. oleifera seeds contain active ingredients like polyelectrolytes and cationic proteins that make them effective for water coagulation, softening, and disinfection. The document provides background on M. oleifera, describing its distribution, description, related species, and the active ingredients contained in its seeds. It also reviews research on using M. oleifera seed powder and extract for various applications in water treatment processes.
The document discusses the Moringa tree and its potential benefits. It describes that all parts of the Moringa tree can be used for nutrition, medicine and other purposes. Studies have shown that consuming Moringa leaves can help address malnutrition, increase weight and milk production in livestock, and enhance plant growth. The document advocates for more research on using Moringa for human health, agriculture and industrial applications.
The document discusses the Moringa tree and its potential benefits. It describes that all parts of the Moringa tree can be used for nutrition, medicine, and other purposes. Studies have shown that consuming Moringa leaves can help address malnutrition, increase weight and milk production in livestock, and increase crop yields when used as a plant growth enhancer. The document advocates for more research on uses of the Moringa tree, especially in addressing human health issues and agricultural needs.
The document discusses the Moringa tree and its potential benefits. It describes that all parts of the Moringa tree can be used for nutrition, medicine and other purposes. Studies have shown that consuming Moringa leaves can help address malnutrition, increase weight and milk production in livestock, and enhance plant growth. The document advocates for more research on the various uses and benefits of the Moringa tree.
The document discusses the Moringa tree (Moringa oleifera), highlighting its nutritional value and various uses. Key points include:
- Moringa leaves are highly nutritious, containing various vitamins and minerals like calcium, potassium, vitamin A, and protein.
- Every part of the tree has uses - the leaves can treat malnutrition, the seeds purify water, and the pods and roots have medicinal properties.
- Studies in countries like Senegal and Nicaragua found Moringa improved health, increased milk production in livestock, and boosted crop yields when used as a plant growth enhancer.
- The document advocates for more research on using Moringa for human health, livestock fod
Determine the Efficiency of Two Different Methods Used for the Extraction of ...ijtsrd
The plant Moringa oleifera is a rich source of bioactive chemicals and antioxidants. The present study was focused to determine the efficiency of two different method used for the extraction of polyphenols present in the leaves of moringa oleifera. The attempt was made to check the efficiency of both methods used for the extraction process such as soxhlet extraction method and maceration and determined the accuracy of both methods by HP TLC, FTIR and UV Visible spectroscopy. Moringa oleifera possesses relatively higher content of polyphenols. Epidemiology research repeatedly shows that eating foods high in phytochemicals, such as fruits, vegetables, and herbs, reduces the prevalence of disease in people. The presence of polyphenolic chemicals is primarily responsible for this advantageous effect. Because of their strong ability to entrap the free radicals linked to many diseases, polyphenols have attracted a lot of attention. Neel R. Shah | Mrs. Renuka Singh "Determine the Efficiency of Two Different Methods Used for the Extraction of Polyphenols from Moringa Oleifera Leaves" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd53890.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/home-science/food-science/53890/determine-the-efficiency-of-two-different-methods-used-for-the-extraction-of-polyphenols-from-moringa-oleifera-leaves/neel-r-shah
This document provides an introduction to the Moringa tree and its many uses and health benefits. Some key points:
- Moringa is a highly nutritious plant containing vitamins, minerals, proteins, and antioxidants that can help prevent malnutrition and treat many diseases.
- Research by Johns Hopkins University found Moringa has strong antibiotic and anticancer properties. Compounds in Moringa showed ability to inhibit bacteria, fungi, and tumor growth.
- Studies in developing nations found consuming Moringa improved health outcomes for malnourished children and breastfeeding mothers by increasing nutrient levels and energy. Moringa was an affordable solution to treating malnutrition.
- Traditional medicine references and some scientific
The document discusses African elemi nut, a lesser-known nut indigenous to Africa. It provides background on the plant, describing its geographical distribution, local names, physical characteristics, and taxonomic classification. The document also reviews the traditional uses of African elemi in African medicine, its pharmacological properties including antimicrobial and anticancer activities, and potential industrial and health benefits. Key active compounds in African elemi like flavonoids, tannins, and saponins are noted for their antioxidant and disease-preventing properties.
This document summarizes a review article on the medical evidence for the nutritional, therapeutic, and prophylactic properties of Moringa oleifera. Some key points:
- Moringa is widely cultivated in tropical areas and many parts are edible. It is promoted as a source of nutrition in developing regions.
- The review evaluates the published scientific evidence on Moringa's nutritional and medicinal properties and highlights claims that need further study.
- Moringa contains a variety of vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals that may have beneficial health effects. Claims include antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic properties.
- Many traditional uses are supported by anecdotal
Moringa Oleifera has been identified as having the highest nutritional value of any plant species studied. It is rich in proteins, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Moringa trees are easy to cultivate, drought resistant, and provide abundant leaves that can meet the nutritional needs of families. Given food crises, Moringa is a critical local resource that can improve nutrition and reduce dependence on imports.
Syzygium cumini, commonly known as jamun, is a tropical tree native to India and other parts of Asia. It produces purplish-black fruits that are high in anthocyanins. The tree has great economic importance as most parts are used in traditional medicine and its wood is strong and termite resistant. The fruits contain many phytochemicals and minerals that have been shown to have health benefits such as controlling blood sugar, antioxidant effects, anti-inflammatory properties, and more. There is potential for the fruits and other parts of the tree to be developed into nutraceuticals. However, more clinical research is still needed to study the effects of S. cumini extracts on human health.
This document discusses a study on the phytochemical constituents and physicochemical properties of Moringa oleifera plants around Bule Hora, Ethiopia. Researchers qualitatively tested Moringa oleifera extracts for various phytochemicals and quantitatively analyzed selected physicochemical properties. Phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids, and steroid-glycosides were found in high amounts in the plant extracts, while anthraquinones, proteins, and fixed oils/fats were not detected. The study also measured moisture content, total ash value, saponification value, refractive index, acid value, and solubility of ethanol and methanol extracts. The results suggest Moringa oleifera contains active phytoc
nutritional and functional properties of moringa leavesAnkush Kashyap
Moringa leaves are a highly nutritious superfood that can help address nutritional deficiencies. They are a good source of six major nutrients - proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, minerals, and lipids. Moringa leaves contain high levels of protein, calcium, iron, vitamin C, and antioxidants. They also contain beneficial fatty acids like oleic acid. Processing and cooking methods can impact the nutrient levels in moringa leaves. Drying at low temperatures helps maintain most nutrients except vitamin C. Moringa is a promising crop that could increase micronutrient and phytochemical intake if consumption increases.
Chinese Dwarf Cherry is a unique shrub species from China that is drought, cold, and barren resistant and easy to grow in desertification areas. It has high nutritional value, especially being rich in calcium and flavonoids, and has various health benefits. All parts of the plant have functions - the fruits can be eaten fresh or processed, the leaves and stems can be used for animal feed, and the nuts and roots have medicinal properties. It can also be used for sand fixation, windproofing, and greening of barren areas due to its strong root system. DNA Green Planet aims to propagate this species using rapid tissue culture and stem-tip techniques to produce virus-free seedlings for cultivation and planting
Similar to Effect of-dehydration-on-nutritive-value-of-moringa (20)
The document summarizes a study that analyzed samples collected from diarrhea patients and their mothers in rural Bangladesh to detect coliform bacteria. Several species of coliform bacteria were isolated from the samples, with isolation rates ranging from 38.01-3.51%. Extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves were tested against the isolated bacteria. The leaf extracts showed antibacterial effects and were able to inhibit the growth of all tested bacterial pathogens, including E. coli, Shigella, Salmonella, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Serratia species. The extracts had zone of inhibition ranging from 8-23 mm and minimum inhibitory concentration values between 62.5-1000 μg/mL, suggesting M. oleifera extracts could
This research article studied the anti-obesity effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MEMOL) in rats with high fat diet-induced obesity. Rats were fed a high fat diet to induce obesity over 49 days. Treatment with MEMOL for 49 days significantly reduced body weight, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL levels in obese rats, and increased body temperature, compared to untreated obese rats. MEMOL treated rats also showed decreased levels of liver enzymes and blood glucose. The results indicate that MEMOL attenuated body weight gain in obese rats without affecting food intake, and demonstrated hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects, suggesting it may help treat obesity and related disorders.
This document discusses a study that evaluated the use of moringa leaf meal (MOLM) as a replacement for soybean meal in rabbit diets. Specifically, the study:
1. Cultivated moringa and analyzed the chemical composition of the dried leaf meal.
2. Formulated diets containing 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% MOLM and fed them to weaner rabbits to assess growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, and blood parameters.
3. Found that MOLM is high in nutrients like protein and can partially or fully replace soybean meal without negatively impacting rabbit growth, health, or meat quality.
The study
This doctoral thesis by Azra Yasmeen explores the potential of Moringa oleifera (Moringa) leaf extract as a natural plant growth enhancer. The thesis involved a series of experiments on various crops including wheat, tomato, and pea. The results showed that Moringa leaf extract improved germination, seedling growth and yield under normal, saline and drought conditions. When applied as a seed priming agent or foliar spray, Moringa extract enhanced growth attributes such as plant height, chlorophyll content, protein levels and antioxidant enzyme activity. It also mitigated the adverse effects of salt stress and water deficit. The research demonstrated that Moringa leaf extract has promising properties as a natural growth
Despite considerable interest in the use of Moringa oleifera as a nutrient source, gaps and inconsistencies in the information on the nutrient content of this interesting plant remain. There are many reasons for this. The nutrient content of newly harvested plant material naturally varies with soil and climate as well as season and plant age. Differences in processing and storage procedures add more variation; and the use of different analytical techniques amplifies the variation further. For moringa leaves, additional variation has been created over time due to errors created as nutrient content values are incorrectly copied from source to source (30). The purpose of this review is to summarize the more recent scientific information about the nutrient content of fresh Moringa oleifera leaves and dried Moringa oleifera leaf powder. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
Moringa Oleifera, A Supermarket On A Tree
Moringa oleifera is extremely rich in vital nutrients and, as a bonus, can grow very fast in dry areas of the world, where food is scarce. Since ancient times, Moringa was used as a medicinal plant, known to heal and ease a wide number of diseases: from various inflammations to cancer, to parasitic diseases and diabetes. In more recent times, Moringa has gained notoriety as a nutrition power plant that can feed the needy and, in fact, save lives. And eyes… from blindness due to lack of vital nutrients such as vitamin A in the diet.
Moringa leaves or leaf powder can be used successfully as a suplement food to nourish small children, pregnant or nursing women, and of course, anybody else.
http://miracletrees.org/
This document summarizes a study that investigated the structure of flocs formed when protein extracted from Moringa seeds is added to dispersions of polystyrene latex particles. Small-angle neutron scattering showed that the protein strongly adsorbs to the latex particle surfaces. The protein causes the particles to flocculate into very dense aggregates. The fractal dimensions of the flocs increased with higher particle concentration, approaching a theoretical maximum of 3. The flocs formed were more compact than those typically formed by simple ionic or polymeric flocculents. Proteins from two Moringa species were compared, with Moringa oleifera producing slightly denser flocs. Compact floc structure is desirable for efficient water purification
This study evaluated the effectiveness of dry Moringa oleifera leaf powder in treating anaemia. The leaf powder was found to contain high amounts of protein, iron, calcium, vitamin C and beta-carotene. Rats with induced anaemia were fed diets supplemented with 5% or 10% M. oleifera leaf powder. The supplemented rats showed significantly higher packed cell volume, haemoglobin and red blood cell levels compared to unsupplemented rats, demonstrating the leaf powder's ability to treat anaemia. The study concluded that M. oleifera leaf powder has potential as a nutrient supplement to improve nutritional status and manage anaemia.
The potential of_moringa_oleifera_for_agricultural_and_industrial_usesDrumstick Moringa
This document provides information on the potential uses of Moringa oleifera products. It discusses the morphology and physical characteristics of Moringa, as well as its socio-economic importance. The document then outlines the various uses of Moringa parts, including using the leaves, pods, seeds, and seed oil for human consumption. It also discusses using Moringa seeds for water purification and industrial uses of Moringa seed oil.
This document discusses a study that evaluated the use of moringa leaf meal (MOLM) as a replacement for soybean meal in rabbit diets. Specifically, the study:
1. Cultivated moringa and analyzed the chemical composition of the dried leaf meal.
2. Formulated diets containing 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% MOLM and fed them to weaner rabbits to assess growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, and blood parameters.
3. Analyzed data on feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), digestibility, carcass traits, and blood components to determine the effects of partially or completely replacing soy
This research article evaluated the potential aphrodisiac effects of Moringa oleifera seed extracts in male albino rats. Male rats were orally administered aqueous, alcohol, or chloroform extracts of M. oleifera seeds at various doses for 21 days. The extracts significantly increased sexual behaviors like mounting frequency and intromission frequency, while decreasing parameters like mounting latency and post-ejaculatory interval. The aqueous extract was found to be the most effective and showed no adverse effects. The results provide scientific support for the traditional use of M. oleifera seeds as an aphrodisiac for managing male sexual disorders.
Study of moringa_effect_on_gastric_and_duodenal_ulcersDrumstick Moringa
The study evaluated the effects of leaf and fruit extracts of Moringa oleifera on experimentally induced gastric and duodenal ulcers in rats. The results showed that:
1) Leaf extracts of M. oleifera reduced ulcer indices in models of acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcers, indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers, ethanol-induced gastric ulcers, and cold restraint stress-induced gastric ulcers. The acetone and methanol leaf extracts showed the most potent effects.
2) The acetone and methanol leaf extracts reduced free and total acidity in pylorus-ligated rats, indicating a gastric anti-secretory effect.
3) Leaf extracts increased regeneration of
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the effects of drinking Moringa oleifera tea on blood sugar levels. The study tested 43 individuals, 30 with normal blood sugar and 13 with hyperglycemia. For those with normal blood sugar, their levels did not significantly change after drinking the tea. However, for those with hyperglycemia, their blood sugar levels significantly dropped an average of 28 mg/dl after drinking the tea. The results suggest Moringa oleifera tea may benefit those managing hyperglycemia.
The document describes a method for small-scale farming called square foot gardening (SFG) that is well-suited for growing food in urban areas. SFG involves digging a 4.1 square meter area of land 2 feet deep and mixing the soil with an equal amount of poultry manure. The soil mixture is allowed to decompose for 6 weeks before being divided into four beds. Moringa is then planted and harvested after 60 days, with additional harvests possible every 50-60 days, providing a sustainable source of food in small spaces.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the effects of an aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera seeds on the sexual activity and reproductive abilities of male albino rats. The extract was administered orally to rats at doses of 100, 200, and 500 mg/kg for 21 days. The extract significantly increased mounting frequency, intromission frequency, libido, and sperm count, while decreasing mounting latency, intromission latency, and post-ejaculatory interval. The extract also had no adverse effects or acute toxicity. The results demonstrate that the M. oleifera seed extract can enhance sexual behavior in male rats, providing rationale for its traditional use as an aphrodisiac.
This document summarizes a study that assessed the impact of supplementing the diets of severely malnourished children in Burkina Faso with Moringa oleifera leaf powder. 110 children aged 6-59 months were randomly assigned to two groups. Both groups received standard nutritional care, but one group received an additional 10g per day of Moringa leaf powder. Children receiving the Moringa supplement had higher average weight gain, a quicker recovery rate, but no significant difference in hemoglobin levels. The Moringa supplementation was found to be effective and safe in improving the nutritional recovery of severely malnourished children.
This document provides a profile for establishing a plant to produce 279 tonnes of Moringa oleifera oil per year in Ethiopia. It finds that the current demand for Moringa oleifera oil is 3,500 tonnes annually and is projected to reach 8,207 tonnes by 2017. The total investment required is estimated at 3.79 million Birr, including 1.8 million Birr for plant and machinery. The project is expected to employ 43 people and has an internal rate of return of 17% and net present value of 1.64 million Birr, making it financially viable.
This study examined the antibiotic efficacy of Moringa oleifera seed and leaf extracts using crude extraction techniques. M. oleifera seeds and leaves were extracted using water, ethanol, and ethyl acetate solvents and crude or sophisticated methods. Extract-impregnated disks were tested for inhibition of 14 bacterial species. Seed extracts inhibited more bacteria (4 species) than leaf extracts (1 species). Most inhibited bacteria by seed extracts were Gram-positive. A single extract, Bacillus sphaericus, was inhibited by both seed and leaf extracts. Crude extraction techniques produced comparable inhibition zones to sophisticated techniques, suggesting potential antibiotic applications using simple methods for underserved populations.
2. 6 J. Metabolomics Syst. Biol.
oil extraction may be used as a fertilizer or as a flocculent
to purify water. Moringa trees have been used to combat
malnutrition, especially among infants and nursing
mothers. Three non - governmental organizations in
particular - Trees for Life, Church World Service, and
Educational Concerns for Hunger Organization - have
advocated Moringa as “natural nutrition for the tropics.”
Leaves can be eaten fresh, cooked, or stored as dried
powder for many months without refrigeration, and
reportedly without loss of nutritional value. Moringa is
especially promising as a food source in the tropics
because the tree is in full leaf at the end of the dry
season when other foods are typically scarce (Jed and
Fahey, 2008).
A large number of reports on the nutritional qualities of
Moringa now exist in both the scientific and the popular
literature. It is commonly said that Moringa leaves contain
more Vitamin A than carrots, more calcium than milk,
more iron than spinach, more Vitamin C than oranges,
and more potassium than bananas,” and that the protein
quality of Moringa leaves rivals that of milk and eggs.
Drumstick leaves are also rich sources of flavonols such
as kaempferol and 3’-OMequercetin.
A flavone, acacetin and a glycoflavone 4 - OMe Vitexin
was also identified. The phenolic acids identified included
melilotic acid, p - coumaric acid, and vanillic acid
(Nambiar et al., 2005). Quercetin is actually the molecular
backbone for the citrus bioflavonoids rutin, quercetin and
hesperidin. Quercetin has also been found to inhibit the
growth of human prostate cancer cells and human breast
cancer cells. Quercetin has antiviral activity against
several types of viruses. Our results revealed that
maximum poly-phenols were identified in the drumstick
leaves, which further enhances its role as an important
functional food.
Nutritionists are now trying to encourage cultivation and
incorporation of GLVs in various recipes with minimum
effort and little cost, yielding a great benefit. Devising
several simple and acceptable micronutrient rich recipes
rich recipes containing GLVs would not only bring variety
to the diet and but also help in combating vitamin A
deficiency along with other micronutrient deficiencies. In
developing countries where most of the people are
engulfed in poverty and can not afford the expensive food
products and suffer from various deficiency diseases, a
need to identify cheap and easily available source rich in
micronutrients is essential. Through this study the less
utilized leaves of M. oleifira, which are rich in
micronutrients but are mostly discarded or go waste was
researched on and the effect of different methods of
drying (sun, shade and oven) on their nutritive value was
assessed.
METHODOLOGY
The leaves of M. oleifira were collected at a time from the same tree
to avoid the effect of soil variation on the micronutrient content of
the leaves.
Preparation of the leaves for drying
Sorting
Fresh, green, un-damaged, non - insect infested, bruised, dis-
colored, decayed and wilted leaves were discarded before washing
the leaves, as decayed and wilted leaves give a bad flavor to the
whole batch. Besides decayed and wilted leaves can lead to loss of
nutrients too (Adeyeye and Otokiti, 1999).
Washing
The stalks of the leaves were cut from the main branches and the
leaves were washed thoroughly three to four times with plenty of
water to remove all the adhering dust, dirt particles. The Drumstick
leaves grow on number of thin branches attached to the main
branch. The thin branches were kept intact during washing for the
easy handling of the leaves. After washing the stems of the leaves
were tied together in small bunches and was hung in an airy space
to drain away extra water and to air - dry the leaves. The residual
moisture was evaporated at a room temperature, before the actual
drying process on a clean paper with constant turning over to avert
fungal growth. After air drying, all the stems and branches of the
leaves were removed and only the leaves of drumstick were used
for drying. The leaves were then weighed and they were equally
distributed in three batches for sun drying, shadow drying and oven
drying.
Drying
The techniques used in the present study for dehydration were (i)
Sun drying; (ii) Shadow drying and (iii) Oven drying.
Sun drying: The air - dried leaves were placed on cotton sheets
and then covered with the cheesecloth to keep off dust and insects.
The cotton sheets were placed in a direct sunlight on a roof away
from animals, traffic and dust and turned occasionally to assure
even drying. The leaves were brought indoor at nights as the
temperature during night falls down. Sudden temperature change
could put moisture back into the leaves and lengthen the drying
time. The leaves took four days to dry in the sun.
Shadow drying: In shadow drying also, the air - dried leaves were
spread on cotton sheets but instead of keeping them on the roofs
the leaves were kept in the room only. The room selected for
shadow drying was well ventilated. Natural current of air was used
for shadow drying the leaves. It took about six days for the leaves
to dry completely and become crisp and brittle to touch.
Oven drying: The leaves were loaded on the trays forming one
single layer of the dehydrator and were dried in the dehydrator by
forced air technique. The oven was preheated to 60°C and then the
loaded tray was added each time, until all the leaves were done.
The temperature was maintained at 60°C and the leaves were left
for 1 h for their drying. Vegetables were sufficiently dried till they
became crisp and brittle to touch. The leaves took four to five hours
for complete drying. The dried leaf samples were then analyzed for
(i) Proximate composition (Protein, fat, fiber, carbohydrate and
energy). (ii) Vitamin (Beta-carotene and vitamin C). (iii) Minerals
(Iron, phosphorus and calcium). (iv) Anti nutritional factor (Oxalate),
using the standard procedure of AOAC (2004).
3. Joshi and Mehta 7
Table 1. Proximate composition of dehydrated Moringa leaf (per 100 g leaf powder).
Nutrient Fresh leaves# Sun dried sample (%) Shadow dried sample (%) Oven dried sample (%)
Moisture (%) 75.9 6 6 6
Energy (Kacl) 92 268.56 (65.74) 271.83 (66.15) 271.54 (66.12)
Protein (g) 6.7 23.42 (71.39) 23.66 (71.68) 23.78 (71.82)
Carbohydrate (g) 12.5 27.98 (55.33) 28.476 (56.10) 28.323 (55.86)
Fat (g) 1.7 6.987 (75.66) 7.032 (75.81) 7.014 (75.76)
Fiber (g) 0.9 11.3 (92.04) 12.1 (92.56) 11.8 (92.37)
*Figure in bracket represents percent increase in the nutrient content after dehydration. #The values for fresh leaves have been taken from the
nutritive value of Indian food.
Table 2. Mineral composition of dehydrated Moringa leaf (per 100 g leaf powder).
Nutrient Fresh leaves# Sun dried sample (%) Shadow dried sample (%) Oven dried sample (%)
Iron (mg) 0.85 21 (95.95) 24 (96.45) 19 (95.52)
Calcium (mg) 440 3382 (87.44) 3405 (82.88) 3467 (82.06)
Phosphorus (mg) 70 203 (65.51) 218 (67.89) 215 (67.44)
*Figure in bracket represents percent increase in the nutrient content after dehydration. #The values for fresh leaves have been taken from the
nutritive value of Indian food.
RESULTS
Moisture content
The moisture content in the three samples of the
dehydrated leaves was in the range of 6 - 7%. Maximum
moisture content (7.39%) was in the shadow - dried
sample and minimum was in the sun dried sample. The
moisture content was in the range mentioned by BIS
(1978) (Table 1).
Protein content
The protein content in the three samples of the
dehydrated leaves was in the range of 23.42 - 23.78 g
per 100 g. Maximum protein content (23.78%) was in the
oven - dried sample and the minimum was in the sun
dried sample. The protein content in the dehydrated
powder increased by 71 - 72% from the fresh sample of
drumstick leaves. The fresh drumstick leaves contain
6.7% protein. The difference in the protein content of the
three samples of the leaves compared to the fresh leaves
was statistically significant (p < 0.05).
Fat content
Fat content of the three dehydrated leaf samples was in
the range of 6.987 - 7.03%. The fat content was again
highest in the shadow - dried sample and was lowest in
sun - dried samples. The fresh sample of drumstick
leaves contain 1.7 g per 100 g of fat while it increased by
75% in the dehydrated sample.
Fiber content
The fiber content in the three samples was in the range of
11.3 to 12.1% with the highest level in shadow dried
sample followed by oven dried and the minimum values
of fiber were found in sun dried sample. The fiber content
in the dehydrated powder increased by 92% from the
fresh sample of drumstick leaves, which contain 0.9% of
fiber. The leaf sample was a rich source of fiber, which is
in line with the statement that vegetables are the natural
broom for the body as they are rich in fiber.
Carbohydrate content
Calculation of carbohydrate content of the leaf samples
was in the range of 27.98 - 28.476%. The carbohydrate
content in the dehydrated powder increased by 55.33 -
56.10% from the fresh sample of drumstick leaves.
Energy content
Calculation of the energy content of the leaf samples was
in the range of 268.56 - 271.83%. The energy content in
the dehydrated powder increased by 65.74 - 66.15% from
the fresh sample of drumstick leaves.
Mineral composition
Mineral composition of dehydrated Moringa leaf (per 100
g leaf powder) is given in Table 2.
4. 8 J. Metabolomics Syst. Biol.
Table 3. Vitamin composition of dehydrated Moringa leaf (per 100 g leaf powder).
Nutrient Fresh leaves Sun dried sample (%) Shadow dried sample (%) Oven dried sample (%)
Beta-carotene (µg) 6780 36000 (87.44) 39600 (82.88) 37800 (82.06)
Vitamin C (mg) 220 92 (-139.13) 140 (-57.14) 56 (-292.85)
*Figure in bracket represents percent increase in the nutrient content after dehydration. #The values for fresh leaves have been taken from the
nutritive value of Indian food.
Table 4. Anti nutritional factor of dehydrated Moringa leaf (per 100 g leaf powder).
Nutrient Fresh leaves# Sun dried sample Shadow dried sample Oven dried sample
Oxalate (mg) 101 430 500 450
#The values for fresh leaves have been taken from the nutritive value of Indian food.
Iron
Fresh drumstick leaves have an iron content of 0.085 mg
/ 100 g of fresh leaves where as the iron content of the
leaf powder prepared by different methods of dehydration
was in the range of 19 - 24 mg/ 100 g leaf powder which
was 95 to 96% more than their fresh counter parts.
Maximum amount of iron content was in the shadow
dried sample (24 mg/ 100 g leaf powder) followed by sun
dried sample (21 mg/ 100 g leaf powder) and it was
lowest in oven dried sample (19 mg/ 100 g leaf powder).
The difference in the iron content of the three samples
was statistically significant.
Calcium
Fresh drumstick leaves have a calcium content of 440 mg
/ 100 g fresh leaves where as the calcium content of the
leaf powder prepared by different methods of dehydration
was in the range of 3382 mg to 3467 mg / 100 g leaf
powder which was 86 - 87% higher than the fresh leaves.
The difference in the calcium content of the three
samples was statistically significant.
Phosphorus
Fresh drumstick leaves have a calcium content of 70 mg/
100 g fresh leaves where as the calcium content of the
leaf powder prepared by different methods of dehydration
was in the range of 203 mg to 218 mg/ 100 g leaf powder
which was 65.51 to 67.89% increased from the fresh
leaves. The difference in the calcium content of the three
samples was statistically significant.
Vitamin composition
Vitamin composition of dehydrated Moringa leaf (per 100
g leaf powder) is given in Table 3.
Beta – carotene
The maximum retention of beta - carotene was in shadow
dried sample, (39600 µg) was followed by oven dried
sample, (37800 µg) and a minimum level of 36000 µg /
100 g leaf powder in sun dried sample. Shadow drying
though took longer than sun and oven drying, lead to
lower carotene losses. The difference between the three
samples of drumstick leaves was statistically significant.
Vitamin C
Vitamin C content of the dehydrated leaves was less than
the fresh sample. This was the only nutrient, which
reduced after dehydration as it is oxidized rapidly on
exposure to heat and air. The maximum amount of
vitamin C was in shadow - dried sample as in this
technique the leaves were not exposed to direct heat and
air.
Anti nutritional factors
Anti nutritional factor of dehydrated Moringa leaf (per 100
g leaf powder) is given in Table 4.
Oxalates
Oxalate content of the leaf samples was in the range of
430 to 500 mg per 100 g.
DISCUSSION
The results of the biochemical analysis showed that the
5. leaf samples after dehydration became a concentrated
source of all the nutrients. The results are in agreement
with the studies done by Lakshmi and Vimla (2000) which
showed that the leaves retained good amounts of protein,
fiber and calcium in the various samples of the leaves
dried by sun drying and cabinet drying. Similar findings
were reported by Kowslya and Vidhya (2004) and Jemina
Beryl and Bhavani 2004 in the dehydrated green leafy
vegetables of cauliflower. The protein content of the leaf
powder was equivalent to the protein content of many
pulses such as Moth beans, soybeans, rajmah etc. which
contain (22 - 24%) protein. Thus, becoming a good
source of protein. Pulses though rich in protein are not
affordable by the poor community of the developing
countries thus M. oleifira in its dehydrated form can serve
the role of pulses. The protein content of the leaf samples
was higher than many of the commonly consumed green
leafy vegetables, spinach (2%), and mint (4.8%). The fat
content of the leaf samples were also higher than their
fresh counter parts but it could not be considered as a
rich source of fat, which is in agreement with the fact that
green leafy vegetables are ‘Heart friendly food’. As far as
carbohydrate is concerned, green leafy vegetables are
not considered as a good source of carbohydrate but
after dehydration the carbohydrate content of the leaves
was comparable with many of the carbohydrate rich
cereals and vegetables. Wheat (69.4%), Potato (22.6%),
turnip (9.4%). There was a significant increase in the
mineral and vitamin content of the leaf samples after
dehydration. Micronutrient deficiency also referred as
hidden hunger is a major problem in the developing
countries which leads to severe consequences affecting
the human resources, the major power of the developing
countries. Iron, calcium and phosphorus increased
manifolds in the dehydrated samples. Carotene losses
were lowest in the shadow dried samples. Studies have
also shown that the carotene losses were directly depen-
dent on the method of drying. Loss of beta carotene from
green leafy vegetables such as mint, curry, gogu and
amaranth, after drying was found to range from 24 to
40% in sun dried leaves and 6 to 255 in oven dried
leaves (Aletor and Adeogun, 1995). Vitamin C content
showed a decrement as vitamin c is a heat labile vitamin
and is destroyed when exposed to direct sunlight and
heat due to oxidation.
Joshi and Mehta 9
Conclusion
Dehydration technique resulted in concentration of
nutrients. Dehydration is one of the most possible stra-
tegies for preservation of green leafy vegetables, which
are highly seasonal and perishable too. The abundantly
available inexpensive leaves of M. oleifira can serve as a
pool house of nutrients and can be used in the deve-
loping countries to combat micronutrient deficiencies.
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Moringa Trees