DETAILS OF DECK AND CARGO MACHINERY

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2. The other auxiliary machineries includes
Deck gears, Small deck machinery,
Winches and Net and Line haulers.

3. Mast and Derricks
 Mast is a vertical spar primarily meant to carry sails but
it is also used to carry radar, satellite aerials, and
navigational lights.
 These are made either of wood or steel.
 Derrick is a large spar fixed to mast by goose neck and
it is used like a crane for hoisting heavy weights.

5. Block, Pulleys and Fish pump
 These are common in all types of fishing vessel and are
used for a variety of purposes like leading the ropes to
convenient positions for handling the net.
 A block is a wooden or metal case in which one or more
sheaves are fitted.
 Fish pumps are mainly used on purse seiners to transfer
the catch from net to the deck.

6. Rollers and Gantries
 Powered stern rollers are used in gill netters to haul the
gill nets by net reels.
 In Danish seiners, towing rollers are used to haul the
rope.
 Gantry is a four-in-one contrivance used in trawlers
which replaces gallows, mast, derrick and stays.
 It assists in positioning of warp leads, hitching of otter
boards and lifting heavy catches etc.

8. • Windlass
• Mooring winches
• Hatch cover openers (pull wire or hydraulic type)
•
•
•
•
•
Winches and derricks or cranes
Gangways and motors
Cargo pumps for LPG/LNG or chemical carriers
Whistle/Horn
Life boat winch and safety equip. drives…
Deck Machinery
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9. 1. Mooring windlass. Normally either an electric or Hydraulic motor drives 2 cable lifter and 2
warp ends. There are many designs but due to slow speed of cable lifter(3-5rpm) a slow
speed worm gear and a single step spur gear between cable lifter and warp end is used
2. Anchor Capstans. Vertical capstans use a vertical shaft, with the motor and gearbox situated
below the winch unit (usually below decks. With larger cables the capstan barrels is mounted
separately on another shaft
3. Winch windlasses. This arrangement uses a mooring winch to drive the windlass. Both port
and starboard units are interconnected to facilitate standby and additional power should
the situation arise
Conventional equipment
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10. 1. Storage part of the mooring drum
2. Pulling section of the drum (working part)
3. Brake band
4. Gear box
5. Electro-hydraulic motor
6. Warping head
7. Chain in the gypsy wheel
8. Dog clutch
9. Anchor
10. Hawse pipe
11. Spurling pipe
12. Chain locker
13. Chain stopper with security device
14. Guide roller
15. Bollard
16. Guide roller
17. Deck
18. Hatch to chain locker
Mooring equipment
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11. Winches
 Winches are used commonly in trawlers, purse seiners and Danish seiners to haul the net and the catch on
to the board.
 Winches are used for different fishing methods like single drum(split type), two-drum on one shaft or more
drums on parallel shafts (double rigging and purse seining).
There are different kinds of winches. They are distinct from each other depending on their use. There are 7 types
of winches currently available there. For example –
• Lever winch
• Snubbing Winch
• Wakeskate winch
• Glider Winch
• Air Winch
• Capstan winch
• Mooring winch
 They are placed in the fore and aft direction depending on the requirement.
 Winches can be driven either mechanically from the main engine or electrically or hydraulically or direct
drive by separate engine.

12. 1. Lever Winch:
Lever winches are particular kinds of winches that do not use spools. Instead of a spool, they have Self-gripping jaws. Therefore, they use Self-gripping jaws
for moving cable or rope through the winch. One can move several tons of weight only by moving a handle back and forth by using a lever winch.
2. Snubbing Winch:
Snubbing winch is a winch of a vertical spool. It has ratchet mechanism like a conventional winch. But it has no crank handle or another type of drive like a
standard winch.The line can be reeled and tightened by pulling tail line. Snubbing Winch also allows a controlled release of pressure.To control stress, it uses
an operator around the ratcheted spool. Also, it controls pressure using the friction of the line.
3. Wake-skate Winch:
Wakeskate winch using is growing widely among the watersports enthusiasts. It is a favorite pastime for them. It forms of a spool, engine, frame, handles,
rope and other types of simple transmissions.
4. Glider Winch:
For launching a glider or plane, we use a particular type of winch. It is the glider winch. Usually, we fit them to a heavy vehicle or a trailer
. This method is a
cheaper alternative to aerotowing.European gliding clubs widely use this method. In a glider winch, the engine is usually of petrol, diesel or LPG. You will
also find winches having electric or hydraulic engines.This winch can pull in a 1000 to 1600-meter cable attached to the glider
. After a steep and short climb,
you can release the cable at the height of 400 to 700 meters.
5. Air Winch:
Air winch is also known as air tugger or air hoist. This winch is the air- powered version of a winch. It can lift the materials. You can also utilize them for the
suspension of materials.They are more durable, versatile and safer than hydraulic, diesel and electric winches. That's why various companies often prefer to
use air winches.
6. Capstan Winch:
Capstan winch is a vertical-axle winch. It is a rotating device made for using on sailing ships. Sailors use this winch in sailing ships to apply force to the
cables and ropes. The principal of the capstan winch is similar to the windlass.
7. Mooring Winch:
Mooring winch is a mechanical device. It is used to secure a ship to the berth. It is a device with some barrels that pulls the cables or wires. To berth, the
ship ashore mooring winch plays a significant role.

13. Windlass
 Windlass is special type of winch used for handling anchor chain.
 This is also be driven with electric or hydraulic.

15. Net Haulers and Net Drums
 Net haulers are designed to suit the fishing method and popular mostly on
trawlers, gill netters and purse seiners.
 They may be fitted on the rails on deck or hung from a boom.
 Net haulers can be driven mechanically, electrically or hydraulically.
 Net Drums are used in gill netting, trawling and seining.
 They differ from net haulers in that the entire net is wound on the
drum.
 Most net drums are fitted at the stern.
 These also prevent the fouling of the gear during the operation.

17. Line Haulers
 Line haulers are used in
heaving the lines.
 Line haulers are used in
hauling the trolling lines,
handlines and jigging lines.
 Other machineries like water
separators, coiler, brailer,
power blocks, triplex, jigging
machines etc.

18. Anchor Drop !
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19. Efficient working of the anchor windlass is essential to the safety of the ship. It’s design and
performance is subjected to strict classification society rules.
Basically they require that
 Cable lifter brake shall be capable of controlling
the cable and anchor when disconnected from the
gearing at letting go. The Av
. Speed of cable shall be
5-7 m/s.
 The heaving capacity shall be 4-6 times the weight
of one anchor at speeds between 9 and 15
m/minute. The lifting wt shall be between 20-70
tonnes.
 The braking effort obtained at the lifter shall at
least 40% of the breaking strength of the cable.
Anchor Handling
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20.  The windlass must be capable of
pulling the anchor from a depth of
25% of the total cable carried, i.e.
50% of the length of chain on one
side.
 It should be capable of lifting the
anchor from 82.5m to 27.5m at
9m/min.
 Normal anchor handling equipment
incorporates warp ends for mooring
purposes with light line speed of up
to 1m/sec.
Anchor Handling
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21. • The anchoring equipment fitted to the
majority of vessels consists of two matched
units, offering a degree of redundancy
.
• These units consists of an anchor
, chain (or
for smaller vessels wire), a gypsum or chain
lifter wheel, brake, lift motor and various
chain stopper arrangements.
• When not in he use the chain is stowed in a
chain locker
.
• Systems fitted with wire are stowed on a
drum in the same way as winches.
1. The windlass must be capable of pulling the anchor
from a depth of 25% of the total cable carried, i.e.
50% of the length of chain on one side
2. It should be capable of lifting the anchor from 82.5m
to 27.5m at 9m/min.
Anchoring equipment
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Electric drives
 Should be totally enclosed
 DC drives are still used because they got good
torque range over the full speed though they
need regular attention.
 Control of contactor operated armature
resistance is fully replaced with Ward Leonard
system for good regulation ; especially at
lowering loads ( The present day Ward Leonard
generator is driven by an AC motor)
 DC motors may also be controlled by
thyristors which converts AC to variable DC
voltage.
 AC Induction motors can be wound rotor or
cage type. Speed control being pole changing
or rotor resistance change type. Another form
of AC motor control being VFD drives which
controls the applied frequency and voltage.
872
Drives

23. Drives
Hydraulic Systems
 provide a good means of distribution of
power obtained from pump driven by a
constant direction/speed AC motor
. This
oil can be made to drive thro’ hydraulic
motors to power the actuating devices.
Both constant delivery and variable
delivery type pumps and motors are
commonly use
 The fixed output pumps can be of the
Woodward hydraulic engine governor type
which maintain reserve oil at pressure to
cater to demand
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24. Drives
Hydraulic Systems
 Variable displacement pumps can be of
axial or radial piston types where
operational valves can be avoided.
 It is very essential for all hydraulic systems
be provided with interlocking arrangements
for pump and motors so that control levers
remain automatically in neutral to avoid
inadvertent start ups.
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25. Drives
Hydraulic Systems
 Overload protection thro’ relief valves to
safeguard system at 30-40% over pressure
Atmospheric contamination isolation, oil
compatibility
, system cleanliness, regular
routine maintenance etc. can see thro’ long
periods of trouble free operation
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26. • Cargo winch numbers and capacity are decided in
advance keeping in mind the no of hatches and the
size to work.
• The speed varies from 0.45 m/s at full load to
1.75m/s at light load with 40 kw at full load of 7 T
and 20 kw for 3 T
• Advantage of the derrick system is that only 2
winches are reqd. and has a faster cycle time. But
safe working load is less and takes quite some time to
rig up the system prior to cargo work.
• Slewing derrick system was an exception to the above
and which could be rigged up and change in set up
was faster
.
Deck Cranes
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27. Single-opening & Multi-opening. Can be operated by
the ship’s crane or external help. Sealing between
hatch covers and coaming is generally achieved by
sliding rubber packing
Lift-away hatch covers
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28. The folding pair is operated by hydraulic cylinders acting directly on the end hinge arms which are connected at
stools on the deck. When the cylinders push the end panel up from the closed position, the cover is folded and
the second panel, fitted with wheels, rolls on the rails to the stowage position
Hydraulic Folding Types
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29. • Side-rolling hatch covers stow in a transverse
direction while end-rolling types stow
longitudinally. The traditional side-rolling cover
consists of two panels per hatch, each panel
rolling sideways on a pair of transverse ramps,
thus presenting a minimum obstacle when
loading. In some cases both panels can be stowed
together on one side to further enhance access
when loading and unloading. This alternative
reduces daylight opening by approximately 50%.
Rolling types for combination/dry bulk carriers
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