This document discusses various factors that can contribute to mood swings in adolescents, including personality traits, temperament, environmental influences, and developmental changes during puberty. It provides background on Jung's theories of personality and archetypes. Causes of mood swings mentioned include internet/substance addiction, eating disorders, depression, bullying, and stress/lack of sleep. Ways to help manage mood swings include exercise, talking to trusted individuals, getting adequate sleep, and seeking counseling if symptoms are severe or persistent.

3. There are many issues that the
adolescent faces in today’s society
that could bring on anxiety, present
challenging problems, and/or require
difficult decision-making.
Each individual may deal differently with these
subjects. For some, the matter may be
insignificant, while it becomes a crisis for
others or their family.

4. Swiss psychologist Carl Jung (pronounced ‘young’; 1875-1961)
theorized about personality and temperament. He defined
‘temperament’ as an individual’s true nature or disposition. It is
defined by genetics and our inborn reactions to our environment,
emotional and social situations.
Personality, or persona is how we present ourselves to the world. Persona
represents all of the different social masks that we wear among different groups
and situations, and involves our ego, or behaviors.
The individual cannot change inborn temperament … but might be able to revise
personality. This likely occurs during adolescence causing mood swings!
Moods are just a window to the temperament – so mood
swings happen in teenagers as they try to make their
personality.
Mood swings are
TEMPORARY!

5. • Activity Level (active vs. passive)
The proportion of active periods to inactive ones
• Adaptability
The ease with which a child adapts to changes in his environment
• Approach/Withdrawal (introvert vs. extrovert or assertive vs. unsure)
The response to a new object or person
• Distractibility
The degree to which extraneous stimuli affect behavior
• Intensity of Reaction
The energy of response regardless of its quality or direction
• Quality of Mood
Amount of time spent in friendly, pleasant, joyful behavior or being sad
• Persistence/Attention Span
The amount of time devoted to an activity and level of distraction
• Regularity/Rhythmicity (structured vs. disorganized)
Regularity of hunger, sleep and wakefulness
• Sensory Threshold (calm vs. anxious)
The intensity of stimuli required to evoke a discernible response
There are 9 identified
traits that characterize
mood swings:

6. Jung identified a number of archetypes (typical
examples) of personality. He suggested that this
list is not static or fixed. Instead, many different
archetypes may overlap or combine at any given
time. The following are just a few of the various
archetypes that Jung described:
The father: Authority figure; stern; powerful.
The mother: Nurturing; comforting.
The child: Longing for innocence; rebirth;
salvation.
The wise old man: Guidance; knowledge;
wisdom.
The hero: Champion; defender; rescuer.
The maiden: Innocence; desire; romantic.
The trickster: Deceiver; liar; trouble-maker.

7. •CAUSES AND WHAT TO DO ?

8. Internet Addiction, also known as computer addiction,
online addiction, or Internet addiction disorder (IAD),
can be categorized into 5 different areas…
Cybersex Addiction – compulsive use of Internet
pornography, adult chat rooms, fantasy sex, etc.
Cyber-Relationship Addiction – addiction to social
networking, chat rooms, texting, and messaging
Net Compulsions – such as compulsive online
gaming, gambling, stock trading, or use of online
auction sites
Computer Addiction – obsessive playing of off-line
computer games, or obsessive computer
programming.
Information Overload – compulsive web surfing or
database searching

9. Spending a lot of time online or on the
computer is defined as ‘an impulse
control PROBLEM’ when it absorbs too
much of your time, causing you to neglect
your relationships, your work, school, or
other important things in your life.
People become addicted to the internet to
relieve unpleasant and overwhelming
feelings. Risk factors for Internet or
computer addiction include:
You suffer from anxiety, you’re depressed,
you have any other addictions (such as
drugs, alcohol, gambling, or sex), you lack
social support, you’re an unhappy teenager
(more so than other age groups), you’re
less mobile or socially active than you once
were, or you are stressed.

10. Losing track of time while online,
having trouble completing tasks at
work or home, increasing isolation
from family and friends, feeling
guilty or defensive about your
internet use, or feeling a sense of
euphoria while involved in Internet
activities .
Mood being angry or violent
without internet /phone
Physical damage_ Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
(pain and numbness in hands and wrists),
dry eyes or strained vision, back and/or neck
aches, severe headaches, sleep
disturbances, or pronounced weight gain/
loss.

11. Young people use drugs, including nicotine and
alcohol, for similar reasons that adults do – to
change how they feel, because they want to feel
better or different. Reasons may include:
• Relaxation or fun
• Boredom
• Curiosity
• Socializing with friends, peer pressure or the
need to feel part of a group
• To escape from psychological or
physiological pain.
Adolescents are particularly susceptible to substance abuse due to their WISH
TO experiment; they are heavily influenced by mass media and peers; they
seek stimulation. All these cause mood changes !

12. As a person continues to abuse
drugs, the brain adapts to the drug-
induced surges in dopamine by
producing less dopamine of its
own.
This decrease compels the addicted
person to keep abusing drugs in an
attempt to bring the dopamine
function back to normal, but now
larger amounts of the drug are
required to achieve the same
euphoric dopamine high—an effect
known as tolerance.

13. The intensity of the effect of alcohol on the body is directly related to the
amount consumed.
All drinkers start as teenagers and those that don’t rarely pick up later. 80% of
teenage drinkers become alcoholics.
Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, is an
intoxicating ingredient found in
beer, wine, and liquor.

14. Epinephrine stimulates the central nervous
system and increases blood pressure,
respiration, and heart rate. Nicotine also
increases brain levels of the
neurotransmitter dopamine, which affects
the brain pathways that control reward and
pleasure. Long-term brain changes can
result in addiction to nicotine.
Short term changes are seen as mood
swings !

15. 2. Bulimia: gross overeating (binging) and then
purging (getting rid of) the food. Feeling
disgusted and ashamed after overeating, bulimics
try to prevent weight gain by inducing vomiting or
using laxatives, diet pills, diuretics, or enemas.
1. Anorexia: refusal to eat adequate calories out of fear of becoming fat.
…attributed to cardiac arrest, electrolyte imbalance, or mood swings even
suicide.
The three main types of eating disorders are:

16. Overweight and obese
adolescents are more
likely to be bullied and
Obese teens are nearly 3
½ times more likely to be
excluded from group
activities.
Long-term treatment addresses psychological issues. Treatments include:
antidepressant medication, behavioral therapy, psychotherapy, support groups.
3. Binge eating disorder: a condition in which
a person may gorge rapidly on food,
but does not purge. The excess weight caused by
binge eating puts the individual at risk of: heart
disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and
type 2 diabetes.

17. Self-injury is not a suicide attempt, although it might look
and seem that way. It's difficult for many people to
understand; self-injury is an unhealthy way to deal with emotional pain, intense
anger, or frustration. It is a secretive behavior, easily hidden under clothes. It
tends to start around age 14. There is a higher incidence in females than males.
Forms of self-injury include:
• Cutting, usually on the arms, legs, or torso
• Carving words or symbols on the skin
• Breaking bones
• Hitting or punching
• Piercing the skin with sharp objects
• Head banging
• Biting
• Pulling out hair
• Persistently picking at/interfering with wound healing
• Burning (with lit matches, cigarettes or hot sharp objects like knives)

18. Teen depression is a serious medical problem that
causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of
interest in activities. It affects how the adolescent thinks,
feels and behaves, and it can cause emotional, functional
and physical problems. Depression is a mood disorder
with symptoms that ease with treatment such as
medication and psychological counseling. It cannot be
overcome with willpower.

19. • Agitation or restlessness
• Use of alcohol or drugs
• Exaggerated self-blame or self-criticism
• Poor school performance or attendance
• Tiredness, loss of energy, insomnia or sleeping too much
• Feelings of sadness and/or crying spells for no apparent reason
• Irritability, frustration or feelings of anger, even over small matters
• Loss of interest or pleasure in normal activities, family and friends
• Feelings of worthlessness, guilt, fixation on past failures
• Trouble with memory, thinking, concentrating, decision-making
• Frequent thoughts of death, dying, suicide, or grim future
• Changes in appetite, dramatic weight loss or gain
• Frequent complaints of unexplained body aches and headaches
• Neglected appearance Disruptive or risky behavior
• Self-injury, such as cutting, burning, excessive piercing or tattooing

20. Bullying includes harassment, physical harm,
repeatedly demeaning speech and efforts to
ostracize another person. Bullying is active, and is
done with the intention of bringing another person
down. There are different kinds of bullying:
Physical bullying: domination by kicking,
punching and other physically harmful activities,
designed to instill fear or coerce the victim to do
something.
Verbal bullying: using demeaning language to
tear down another's self-image; teasing, belittling,
and using sarcasm to hurt the other person's
feelings or humiliate them in front of others.
Emotional bullying: often subtle; aimed at getting
someone else to feel isolated, alone and depressed.
Electronic or cyber bullying: using instant
messaging, cell phone text messages and online
social networks to humiliate and embarrass others.

21. The concepts of egocentrism and imaginary audience
may be illustrated best by an adolescent’s appearance.
The teenager is very conscious of how others view
them. They believe they are on display for everyone to
see. It is important that they dress and groom
themselves in a manner acceptable to their peer group.
IT is one of the reasons for mood swings

22. WHAT TO DO ?
 Recognize you're not alone. Although not every teen experiences mood changes to the same
degree, they are common.
 Catch your breath. Or count to 10. Or do something that lets you settle down for a few moments,
especially if you're feeling angry or irritable. Try to look at the situation from the point of view of a
wise observer.
 Talk to people you trust. Teachers and counselors are often good resources, and OF COURSE
psychologists! Keeping feelings inside can make them seem much worse.
 Exercise. PHYSICAL exercise produces more beta-endorphin, a hormone that control stress and
improves mood. Go for a run, play some tennis, ride your bike, or punch a punching bag.
 Get enough SLEEEEEEEEEEPPPPPP- Though it can be hard to find enough time, getting
adequate rest is very important. Being tired can lead to more sadness and irritability.
• Create- Anything ! Video, picture, food , drawing , sculpture ….anything …

23. WHAT TO DO ?
 Cry. There's nothing wrong with crying; in fact, it often makes a person feel better. However, if you
find that you are sad, irritable, bored, or hopeless much of the time, or if you just can't seem to
shake the blues, you might be depressed and need help from a counselor or doctor. If you're
feeling stressed or angry a lot of the time, getting help could be very useful for you.
 MOSTLY CRYING works …so cry !
• Socialise- don’t shut up yourself !Just like everything else…this too shall pass!
•CABTECS