This document discusses mental health and mental illness. It begins by defining mental health and describing common and less common mental health problems. It then discusses the significance of mental health, noting that nearly half of people worldwide experience mental illness. The document outlines stigma associated with mental illness and describes experiences of stigma. It discusses etiology and contributing factors of mental illness, classification of mental disorders, signs and symptoms, prevention, and treatment including medication, psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, hospitalization, and community support programs. It provides an overview of mental health services and programs in India.

1. SUBMITTED BY :
NEHA PANKAJ
MEGHA ANAND
PIYUSH
POONAMJOT KAUR
MENTAL HEALTH

2. INTRODUCTION
 Mental health describes a level of
psychological well-being , or an absence of a
mental disorder.
 The World Health Organization defines mental
health as "a state of well-being in which the
individual realizes his or her own abilities, can
cope with the normal stresses of life, can work
productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a
contribution to his or her community".

3. • There are different types of mental health
problems, some of which are common, such as
depression and anxiety disorders, and some
not so common, such as schizophrenic and
Bipolar disorder.
• Most recently, the field of Global Mental health
has emerged, which has been defined as 'the
area of study, research and practice that places
a priority on improving mental health and
achieving equity in mental health for all people
worldwide'.

4. SIGNIFICANCE
 Evidence from the World Health
Organization suggests that nearly half the world's
population are affected by mental illness with an
impact on their self-esteem, relationships and ability
to function in everyday life.
 An individual's emotional health can also impact
physical health and poor mental health can lead to
problems such as substance abuse.
 The importance of maintaining good mental health is
crucial to living a long and healthy life. Good mental
health can enhance one’s life, while poor mental
health can prevent someone from living a normal life.

5. • The importance of maintaining good mental
health is crucial to living a long and healthy life.
Good mental health can enhance one’s life,
while poor mental health can prevent someone
from living a normal life.

6. MENTAL ILLNESS AS A STIGMA
 Stigma is defined as a sign of disgrace or discredit,
which sets a person apart from others. The stigma of
mental illness, although more often related to context
than to a person's appearance, remains a powerful
negative attribute in all social relations.
 Mental illness, despite centuries of learning and the
‘Decade of the Brain’, is still perceived as an
indulgence, a sign of weakness. Self-stigmatization
has been described, and there are numerous
personal accounts of psychiatric illness, where
shame overrides even the most extreme of
symptoms.

7. THE EXPERIENCE OF STIGMA
SOCIAL
EXCLUSION
SHAME
BLAME
SECRECY
ISOLATION
DISCRIMINATION

8. ETIOLOGY
METABOLIC
ORGANIC DISEASES,NEOPLASM,NEURO-
LOGICAL DISEASES,ENDOCRINE
DISEASES e.g. Epilepsy
e.g. IF BOTH PARENTS ARE
HEREDITARY SCHIOPHRENIC
WORRIES, BROKEN
PSYCHOSOCIAL HOMES,POVERTY,STRESS,
CHANGING FAMILY
STRUCTURE,REJECTION, ECONOMIC
INSECURITY
TOXIC SUBSTANCES – MERCURY
DRUG ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM
ENVIRONMENTAL MINERAL DEFICIENCY- IODINE
TRAUMATIC FACTORS
RADIATION

9. OTHER CONTRIBUTING FEATURES
 Social and environmental causes
These might be things such as:
 Where we live
 Our place of work
 Whether we have close family and friends
 How and where we can relax.

10.  Where we live
 The physical environment where we live can be very stressful, particularly
when there are problems with neighbours, or if there are high crime rates and
other such issues.
 Where you work
 Whether you enjoy your work, or feel you are under too much pressure, are
unable to find employment or hold down a job, can all put pressure on your
mental well-being.
 Families and Friends
 When we face difficult times our support networks become very important –
those who do not have close friends or families, or those who do not live near
the people who support them may find it increasingly difficult to cope alone.
 How and when to relax
 All these kinds of problems will increase the amount of stress people are
under, and can cause depression and anxiety especially in situations where
people don't have a time or a place to relax.

11. INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF
DISEASE OF MENTAL HEALTH
ORGANIC - Delirium DISORDERS OF ADULT PERSONALITY
MENTAL & BEHAVIORIAL – Drug abuse , MENTAL RETARDATION
alcoholism
SCHIZOPHRENIA DISORDERS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL
DEVELOPMENT – Childhood autism
MOOD DISORDERS – Depressive disorders BEHAVIOUR DISORDERS OCCURING IN
CHILDHOOD & ADOLESCENCE
NEUROTIC,STRESS RELATED DISORDERS UNSPECIFIED MENTAL DISORDERS
BEHAVIOUR SYNDROME – EATING
DISORDERS

12. PSYCHOLOGICAL SIGNS AND
SYMPTOMS
 Feeling sad or down
 Confused thinking
 Excessive fears or worries
 Withdrawal from friends and activities
 Problems sleeping
 Detachment from reality (delusions) or hallucinations
 Inability to cope with daily problems or stress
 Alcohol or drug abuse
 Significant changes in eating habits
 Sex drive changes
 Excessive anger, hostility or violence
 Suicidal thinking

13. PHYSICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
 Fatigue
 Back pain
 Chest pain
 Digestive problems
 Dry mouth
 Headache
 Sweating
 Weight gain or loss
 Rapid heart rate
 Dizziness

14. PREVENTION OF MENTAL ILLNESS

16. TREATMENT ASPECT OF MENTAL ILLNESS
 The initial assessment
 The role of psychiatrists and general practitioners
 Help is available through both public and private health care
 Psychological treatment
Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
Interpersonal psychotherapy
Dialectical behavior therapy
 Treatment with medication
 Other forms of treatment

17. TREATMENT WITH MEDICATION
 Medications are mainly helpful for people who
are more seriously affected by mental illness.
Different types of medication treat different
types of mental illness:
 Antidepressant medications – about 60 to 70
per cent of people with depression respond to
initial antidepressant treatment. These
medications are now also used (in combination
with psychological therapies) to treat phobias,
panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder
and eating disorders

18.  Antipsychotic medications – are used to treat
psychotic illnesses, for example schizophrenia and
bipolar disorder. Newer antipsychotic medications
may have some side effects, but tend to have
fewer of the effects that were associated with the
older medications, for example stiffening and
weakening of the muscles and muscle spasms
 Mood stabilizing medications – are helpful for
people who have bipolar disorder (previously
known as manic depression). These medications,
such as lithium carbonate, can help reduce the
recurrence of major depression and can help
reduce the manic or ‘high’ episodes

19. OTHER FORMS OF TREATMENT
 Effective treatment involves more than medications.
Treatment may also involve:
 Community support – including information,
accommodation, help with finding suitable work, training
and education, psychosocial rehabilitation and mutual
support groups. Understanding and acceptance by the
community is very important
 Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) – this treatment can be a
highly effective treatment for severe depression and,
sometimes, for other diagnoses when other treatments
have not been effective. After the person is given a
general anaesthetic and muscle relaxant, an electrical
current is passed through their brain

20.  Hospitalization – this only occurs when a person
is acutely ill and needs intensive treatment for a
short time. It is considered better for a person’s
mental health to treat them in the community, in
their familiar surroundings.
 Involuntary treatment – this can occur when the
psychiatrist recommends someone needs
treatment but the person doesn’t agree. In
general, people receive involuntary treatment to
ensure their own safety or that of others.

21. MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES
 Early diagnosis and treatment
 Rehabilitation
 Group and individual psychotherapy
 Mental health education
 Use of modern psychoactive drugs
 After care services

22. MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAMES IN INDIA
 National mental health program
The Government of India has launched the National Mental
Health Program (NMHP) in 1982, keeping in view the heavy
burden of mental illness in the community, and the absolute
inadequacy of mental health care infrastructure in the country to
deal with it.
It includes Integration mental health with primary health care
through the NMHP.
Provision of tertiary care institutions for treatment of mental
disorders.
Eradicating stigmatization of mentally ill patients and protecting
their rights through regulatory institutions like the Central Mental
Health Authority, and State Mental health Authority.

23.  District mental health programs
It includes training programs of all workers in the
mental health team at the identified Nodal Institute in
the State.
Public education in the mental health to increase
awareness and reduce stigma.
For early detection and treatment, the OPD and indoor
services are provided.
Providing valuable data and experience at the level of
community to the state and Centre for future planning,
improvement in service and research

24. CURRENT STATUS
 Annual data of PGI
 Walk in clinic – 7555 new cases
 3921 old cases
 Refer from other departments-1267
 DDTC (De addiction center) 1297 new cases
 644 old cases
 Maximum cases 22-50 yr age group
 350 cases per year - 22-50 yr of age

25. -VE
FACTORS
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