This document discusses several topics related to adolescent development and personality, including:
- The challenges adolescents face that can cause anxiety or require difficult decision making. Individuals deal with these issues differently in severity.
- Carl Jung's theory of temperament, which is defined by genetics and one's reactions to their environment and situations. Temperament differs from personality/persona.
- Nine traits that characterize one's temperament: activity level, adaptability, approach/withdrawal, distractibility, intensity of reaction, quality of mood, persistence, regularity, and sensory threshold.
- Alfred Adler's theory that personality is motivated by a desire for success and superiority, influenced by heredity, environment, and
This document discusses various tools and strategies for living mindfully, including breathing mindfully, listening deeply, cultivating insight, practicing compassion, and limiting reactivity. It also addresses how adolescents can balance expectations from significant people in their lives with personal aspirations, and some of the issues and challenges adolescents may face in today's society.
This document discusses various factors that can contribute to mood swings in adolescents, including personality traits, temperament, environmental influences, and developmental changes during puberty. It provides background on Jung's theories of personality and archetypes. A number of potential causes of mood swings are examined, such as internet/substance addiction, peer pressure, mental health issues, bullying, and physical/emotional changes during puberty. Suggested strategies for managing mood swings include exercise, sleep, social support, and seeking help from counselors or medical professionals if mood issues persist or interfere significantly with functioning.
This document discusses various factors that can contribute to mood swings in adolescents, including personality traits, temperament, environmental influences, and developmental changes during puberty. It provides background on Jung's theories of personality and archetypes. Causes of mood swings mentioned include internet/substance addiction, eating disorders, depression, bullying, and stress/lack of sleep. Ways to help manage mood swings include exercise, talking to trusted individuals, getting adequate sleep, and seeking counseling if symptoms are severe or persistent.
WEEK 5-Module 7.pptx persona developmentssuser3412ca
This document discusses mental health and well-being in adolescence. It outlines common mental disorders like eating disorders, anxiety disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, conduct disorders, personality disorders, schizophrenia, and substance abuse disorders. It also discusses threats to psychological well-being such as family, socioeconomic factors, and school bullying. The document provides strategies for preventing mental health problems including enhancing self-esteem, resilience, self-regulation, and social skills.
Intellectual Disability, also known as Intellectual Developmental Disorder, is a mental disorder characterized by deficits in general mental processes such as reasoning, planning, problem solving, judgment, abstract thinking, academic learning, etc.
The presentation highlights how it co-occurs with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Depression, Bipolar Disorder and Anxiety Disorder.
This document discusses emotional disturbances in children, which refers to a variety of mental health disorders that can affect a child's educational performance. It defines emotional disturbance according to federal special education law, outlines common characteristics and behaviors. It also looks specifically at some common disorders like anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, conduct disorder, eating disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, and psychotic disorders. The document stresses the importance of support systems and coordinated services between home, school, and healthcare providers to help children with emotional disturbances.
The document provides information on topics related to adolescent development including physical, emotional, and mental health issues. It discusses normal physical changes during puberty for both boys and girls. Emotional development in adolescents includes increased mood swings, self-consciousness, and risk-taking behavior due to ongoing brain development. Mental health issues covered include self-harm, suicide risks, and effective support strategies. Other topics addressed are sexuality, social influences like internet and gaming, and risks of alcohol and drug use among adolescents. Learning activities provide templates to reflect on challenges during adolescence.
The document discusses adolescent grief and development following the death of a loved one. It notes that while adolescents experience grief similarly to adults, their cognitive abilities and defenses lead to different outward expressions of grief. Their grief may be masked by behaviors like acting out, substance abuse, or eating disorders as they seek support. Losses are so difficult for adolescents that they can only endure strong emotions briefly before distancing themselves, leading their grief to be unrecognized at times. The death of a parent during this identity-development period can be especially challenging.
This document discusses various tools and strategies for living mindfully, including breathing mindfully, listening deeply, cultivating insight, practicing compassion, and limiting reactivity. It also addresses how adolescents can balance expectations from significant people in their lives with personal aspirations, and some of the issues and challenges adolescents may face in today's society.
This document discusses various factors that can contribute to mood swings in adolescents, including personality traits, temperament, environmental influences, and developmental changes during puberty. It provides background on Jung's theories of personality and archetypes. A number of potential causes of mood swings are examined, such as internet/substance addiction, peer pressure, mental health issues, bullying, and physical/emotional changes during puberty. Suggested strategies for managing mood swings include exercise, sleep, social support, and seeking help from counselors or medical professionals if mood issues persist or interfere significantly with functioning.
This document discusses various factors that can contribute to mood swings in adolescents, including personality traits, temperament, environmental influences, and developmental changes during puberty. It provides background on Jung's theories of personality and archetypes. Causes of mood swings mentioned include internet/substance addiction, eating disorders, depression, bullying, and stress/lack of sleep. Ways to help manage mood swings include exercise, talking to trusted individuals, getting adequate sleep, and seeking counseling if symptoms are severe or persistent.
WEEK 5-Module 7.pptx persona developmentssuser3412ca
This document discusses mental health and well-being in adolescence. It outlines common mental disorders like eating disorders, anxiety disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, conduct disorders, personality disorders, schizophrenia, and substance abuse disorders. It also discusses threats to psychological well-being such as family, socioeconomic factors, and school bullying. The document provides strategies for preventing mental health problems including enhancing self-esteem, resilience, self-regulation, and social skills.
Intellectual Disability, also known as Intellectual Developmental Disorder, is a mental disorder characterized by deficits in general mental processes such as reasoning, planning, problem solving, judgment, abstract thinking, academic learning, etc.
The presentation highlights how it co-occurs with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Depression, Bipolar Disorder and Anxiety Disorder.
This document discusses emotional disturbances in children, which refers to a variety of mental health disorders that can affect a child's educational performance. It defines emotional disturbance according to federal special education law, outlines common characteristics and behaviors. It also looks specifically at some common disorders like anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, conduct disorder, eating disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, and psychotic disorders. The document stresses the importance of support systems and coordinated services between home, school, and healthcare providers to help children with emotional disturbances.
The document provides information on topics related to adolescent development including physical, emotional, and mental health issues. It discusses normal physical changes during puberty for both boys and girls. Emotional development in adolescents includes increased mood swings, self-consciousness, and risk-taking behavior due to ongoing brain development. Mental health issues covered include self-harm, suicide risks, and effective support strategies. Other topics addressed are sexuality, social influences like internet and gaming, and risks of alcohol and drug use among adolescents. Learning activities provide templates to reflect on challenges during adolescence.
The document discusses adolescent grief and development following the death of a loved one. It notes that while adolescents experience grief similarly to adults, their cognitive abilities and defenses lead to different outward expressions of grief. Their grief may be masked by behaviors like acting out, substance abuse, or eating disorders as they seek support. Losses are so difficult for adolescents that they can only endure strong emotions briefly before distancing themselves, leading their grief to be unrecognized at times. The death of a parent during this identity-development period can be especially challenging.
The document provides information about the module on challenges of middle and late adolescence. It discusses various developmental changes, expectations, and learning outcomes for students. Specifically, it aims to help students identify different pitfalls and challenges teenagers face. Some key challenges discussed include finding identity, romantic relationships, risk-taking behaviors, mental health issues like depression, and family/social influences. The document then provides strategies for students to cope with these challenges, such as accepting feelings, developing interests, seeking help from others, and more. Students are given various activities to apply their learning and reflect on their own experiences as teenagers.
The document discusses how social experiences shape the human brain and the importance of considering the social environment of schools. It covers three main themes: how social experiences affect the brain by changing its structure and function; the complex nature of the "social brain"; and how to enhance the social experience of schools. The social brain is regulated by different areas that respond to social cues, stress, bonding and more. Schools must provide opportunities for social cognition, grouping, play and skills development to support students' social brain development.
The document discusses stigma associated with mental illness. It notes that stigma involves negative stereotypes and attitudes that label people with mental illness as less worthy. These attitudes are perpetuated by misrepresentations in media and a lack of understanding. The document outlines various factors that contribute to stigma, including fear, economic issues, lack of treatment facilities, and cultural beliefs. It also discusses the negative impacts of self-stigma, discrimination, and social exclusion that people with mental illness often face. Interventions like social contact and education are mentioned as ways to potentially help address stigma.
Breaking Free of Overcoming Social AnxietyCounsel India
Countless people worldwide suffer from social anxiety, a complicated and frequently crippling mental health illness that goes beyond occasional shyness or apprehension. This e-book explores the complex nature of social anxiety, providing insight into its description, causes, symptoms, and significant effects on people's lives.
For more such interesting and informative e-books, visit our website -
https://www.counselindia.com/ebook
The document discusses various aspects of mental health and mental disorders. It defines mental health as involving more than just the absence of illness, and relates to how we feel about ourselves, others, and our ability to handle life's demands. Maintaining mental health involves lifestyle factors, social contact, self-review, and awareness of mind and body reactions. It then defines mental disorders based on criteria like statistical rarity, subjective distress, impairment, societal disapproval, and biological dysfunction. Finally, it summarizes several common mental disorders like depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and discusses their symptoms and potential causes.
Childhood Behaviors, Disorders, And Emotional IssuesKimberly Williams
This document discusses various childhood behaviors, disorders, and emotional issues. It notes that problematic behaviors often begin around age 2 and can include aggression, disruption, antisocial behavior, or defiance. Left unaddressed, some behaviors may persist into adolescence or adulthood. The document examines anxiety disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and other conditions. It explores causes such as biology, environment, and trauma, as well as treatments like therapy and medication.
This document provides guidance for clinicians working with adolescents. It discusses important considerations for engagement, confidentiality, and language. It also addresses common adolescent issues like depression, suicide, deliberate self-harm, and substance use. For each topic, the document outlines assessment approaches and treatment strategies. The overarching messages are to engage adolescents, establish trust, address issues in developmentally-appropriate language, and involve family when possible and beneficial.
Lecture 18:Abnormality Dr. Reem AlSabahAHS_student
This document provides an overview of abnormal psychology. It defines abnormality and discusses how abnormal behavior has been viewed throughout history from ancient to modern times. Key topics covered include the classification of mental disorders in the DSM and ICD manuals, specific disorders like mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia, and perspectives on the causes of mental illness like biological, psychological, and social factors. Defenses mechanisms, treatment approaches in ancient times, and what defines normal behavior are also addressed.
This document discusses various aspects of late adulthood, including physical, cognitive, and social development. Physically, aging affects the skin, hair, senses, brain, and other organs. Cognitive abilities like processing speed and fluid intelligence decline with age, while crystallized intelligence remains intact or increases. Socially, retirement adjustment and changes in relationships are developmental tasks. Death and dying also become more salient concerns in late life. Overall, late adulthood involves navigating physical, mental, and social changes that come with aging.
Symptoms And Symptoms Of A Personality DisorderNicole Fields
Dissociative identity disorder is a personality disorder characterized by a disturbance in identity and memory. It occurs when a person's sense of self becomes fragmented or compartmentalized as a result of trauma. People with dissociative identity disorder experience two or more distinct personality states, known as alters, that repeatedly take control of their behavior. The disorder is treated through psychotherapy aimed at integrating the different identity states and helping the person develop a unified sense of self and identity.
Here are some key points to keep in mind when caring for a patient with borderline personality disorder:
- Set clear limits and boundaries. Be consistent and predictable in your responses to their behaviors.
- Validate their feelings while making it clear that certain behaviors are unacceptable. For example, "I understand you're feeling angry, but threatening staff is not allowed."
- Maintain a nonjudgmental, compassionate attitude. Their behaviors often stem from trauma and difficulties regulating emotions.
- Remain calm and do not take things personally. Their goal may be to get an emotional reaction from you.
- Focus on safety, stability and coping skills rather than past trauma. Help them develop healthier ways of dealing with distress.
The document discusses mental health and illness, including definitions, causes, symptoms, stigma and discrimination, and the Indian Mental Health Act of 1987. Some key points covered include:
- Mental health is defined as a state of well-being and ability to cope with stress and function productively. Mental illness refers to conditions that affect cognition, emotion, or behavior.
- Mental illnesses have biological, psychological, and social causes, and are not due to personal weakness. They can cause suffering, disability, and increased mortality.
- The Indian Mental Health Act of 1987 aimed to safeguard rights of the mentally ill and regulate institutions, but was criticized for not fully reflecting medical considerations or removing criminal stigma.
The document provides information on personality disorders, including:
1. The definition of a personality disorder as an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates from cultural expectations and causes impairment.
2. The main types of personality disorders are described, including antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic, avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders.
3. Assessment of personality disorders involves clinical history, standardized measures, and examining areas like childhood experiences, relationships, employment, and criminal history. Treatments evaluated include psychotherapy, cognitive therapies, and intensive programs, but outcomes vary depending on the specific personality disorder.
When you’re a parent, you may not give much thought to teen mental health conditions or mental distress. You might attribute potential red flags in behavior to typical teen growing pains. As parents, it is essential to realize that some things might be real warning signs of mental health issues in teens.
By understanding more about the risks for teens regarding their mental health and the impact of social media, you’re better positioned to know what to watch for; you’re also more likely to be able to help your teen who is struggling.
1. Trauma can arise from powerful shocks like divorce, death of a parent, abuse, disasters or war and can have long-lasting effects on children.
2. Trauma is defined by how a person reacts to events and can include feelings of shock, denial, unpredictable emotions, strained relationships, and physical symptoms.
3. Types of traumatic experiences for children include sexual, physical or emotional abuse, neglect, accidents, domestic violence, community violence, and grief or separation from caregivers.
1. Trauma can arise from powerful shocks like divorce, death of a parent, abuse, disasters or war. These experiences can have long-lasting effects on children.
2. Trauma is defined as an emotional response to a terrible event that overwhelms a person's ability to regulate their emotions. Common causes of childhood trauma include sexual, physical, or emotional abuse, neglect, accidents, violence, or loss of a parent.
3. Children who experience trauma may exhibit symptoms like struggling with emotions, frightening memories, sleep problems, feelings of danger, and relationship or behavioral issues. Trauma can also impact brain development and have long-term effects on learning, behavior, and health. Support from caring adults
People with obsessive-compulsive disorder experience distressing and repetitive thoughts (obsessions) that often lead to repetitive behaviors (compulsions) like cleaning, checking, or counting. The most effective treatment is exposure therapy, where the person is exposed to the source of distress while preventing ritualized responses, though this therapy is often ineffective due to patient refusal or quitting treatment. A cognitive intervention to help reinterpret thoughts can also help. Substance dependence or addiction involves an inability to stop a self-destructive habit and is explained by factors like withdrawal avoidance, distress coping, and drug-altered brain synapses.
Here is a summary of the key aspects of CBT based on the information provided:
- CBT is a blend of cognitive and behavioral therapeutic strategies that acknowledges both thoughts and behaviors can influence psychological disorders.
- It is problem-focused and action-oriented - therapists help clients identify specific strategies to address problems like reducing panic attacks or returning to work after depression.
- Clients are expected to actively engage in exercises and practices like keeping thought journals to monitor symptoms.
- The ABC model is one CBT technique where clients record the activating event, their beliefs and interpretations of the event, and the consequences or emotional/behavioral responses.
- For the girl concerned about public speaking, the therapist asked questions to understand
PowerPoint mental health and physical healthalvicroda2
The document discusses the relationship between mental and physical health, noting that they have a bi-directional and complex relationship, with poor mental health being a risk factor for chronic physical conditions and vice versa. Maintaining good physical and mental health is important, as chronic stress and depression can negatively impact physical health by increasing risks of issues like heart disease, digestive problems, and changes in appetite, while physical illnesses can also influence mental well-being. The document provides tips for maintaining good mental and physical health through practices like exercise, diet, stress management, and seeking support when needed.
The document provides information about the module on challenges of middle and late adolescence. It discusses various developmental changes, expectations, and learning outcomes for students. Specifically, it aims to help students identify different pitfalls and challenges teenagers face. Some key challenges discussed include finding identity, romantic relationships, risk-taking behaviors, mental health issues like depression, and family/social influences. The document then provides strategies for students to cope with these challenges, such as accepting feelings, developing interests, seeking help from others, and more. Students are given various activities to apply their learning and reflect on their own experiences as teenagers.
The document discusses how social experiences shape the human brain and the importance of considering the social environment of schools. It covers three main themes: how social experiences affect the brain by changing its structure and function; the complex nature of the "social brain"; and how to enhance the social experience of schools. The social brain is regulated by different areas that respond to social cues, stress, bonding and more. Schools must provide opportunities for social cognition, grouping, play and skills development to support students' social brain development.
The document discusses stigma associated with mental illness. It notes that stigma involves negative stereotypes and attitudes that label people with mental illness as less worthy. These attitudes are perpetuated by misrepresentations in media and a lack of understanding. The document outlines various factors that contribute to stigma, including fear, economic issues, lack of treatment facilities, and cultural beliefs. It also discusses the negative impacts of self-stigma, discrimination, and social exclusion that people with mental illness often face. Interventions like social contact and education are mentioned as ways to potentially help address stigma.
Breaking Free of Overcoming Social AnxietyCounsel India
Countless people worldwide suffer from social anxiety, a complicated and frequently crippling mental health illness that goes beyond occasional shyness or apprehension. This e-book explores the complex nature of social anxiety, providing insight into its description, causes, symptoms, and significant effects on people's lives.
For more such interesting and informative e-books, visit our website -
https://www.counselindia.com/ebook
The document discusses various aspects of mental health and mental disorders. It defines mental health as involving more than just the absence of illness, and relates to how we feel about ourselves, others, and our ability to handle life's demands. Maintaining mental health involves lifestyle factors, social contact, self-review, and awareness of mind and body reactions. It then defines mental disorders based on criteria like statistical rarity, subjective distress, impairment, societal disapproval, and biological dysfunction. Finally, it summarizes several common mental disorders like depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and discusses their symptoms and potential causes.
Childhood Behaviors, Disorders, And Emotional IssuesKimberly Williams
This document discusses various childhood behaviors, disorders, and emotional issues. It notes that problematic behaviors often begin around age 2 and can include aggression, disruption, antisocial behavior, or defiance. Left unaddressed, some behaviors may persist into adolescence or adulthood. The document examines anxiety disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and other conditions. It explores causes such as biology, environment, and trauma, as well as treatments like therapy and medication.
This document provides guidance for clinicians working with adolescents. It discusses important considerations for engagement, confidentiality, and language. It also addresses common adolescent issues like depression, suicide, deliberate self-harm, and substance use. For each topic, the document outlines assessment approaches and treatment strategies. The overarching messages are to engage adolescents, establish trust, address issues in developmentally-appropriate language, and involve family when possible and beneficial.
Lecture 18:Abnormality Dr. Reem AlSabahAHS_student
This document provides an overview of abnormal psychology. It defines abnormality and discusses how abnormal behavior has been viewed throughout history from ancient to modern times. Key topics covered include the classification of mental disorders in the DSM and ICD manuals, specific disorders like mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia, and perspectives on the causes of mental illness like biological, psychological, and social factors. Defenses mechanisms, treatment approaches in ancient times, and what defines normal behavior are also addressed.
This document discusses various aspects of late adulthood, including physical, cognitive, and social development. Physically, aging affects the skin, hair, senses, brain, and other organs. Cognitive abilities like processing speed and fluid intelligence decline with age, while crystallized intelligence remains intact or increases. Socially, retirement adjustment and changes in relationships are developmental tasks. Death and dying also become more salient concerns in late life. Overall, late adulthood involves navigating physical, mental, and social changes that come with aging.
Symptoms And Symptoms Of A Personality DisorderNicole Fields
Dissociative identity disorder is a personality disorder characterized by a disturbance in identity and memory. It occurs when a person's sense of self becomes fragmented or compartmentalized as a result of trauma. People with dissociative identity disorder experience two or more distinct personality states, known as alters, that repeatedly take control of their behavior. The disorder is treated through psychotherapy aimed at integrating the different identity states and helping the person develop a unified sense of self and identity.
Here are some key points to keep in mind when caring for a patient with borderline personality disorder:
- Set clear limits and boundaries. Be consistent and predictable in your responses to their behaviors.
- Validate their feelings while making it clear that certain behaviors are unacceptable. For example, "I understand you're feeling angry, but threatening staff is not allowed."
- Maintain a nonjudgmental, compassionate attitude. Their behaviors often stem from trauma and difficulties regulating emotions.
- Remain calm and do not take things personally. Their goal may be to get an emotional reaction from you.
- Focus on safety, stability and coping skills rather than past trauma. Help them develop healthier ways of dealing with distress.
The document discusses mental health and illness, including definitions, causes, symptoms, stigma and discrimination, and the Indian Mental Health Act of 1987. Some key points covered include:
- Mental health is defined as a state of well-being and ability to cope with stress and function productively. Mental illness refers to conditions that affect cognition, emotion, or behavior.
- Mental illnesses have biological, psychological, and social causes, and are not due to personal weakness. They can cause suffering, disability, and increased mortality.
- The Indian Mental Health Act of 1987 aimed to safeguard rights of the mentally ill and regulate institutions, but was criticized for not fully reflecting medical considerations or removing criminal stigma.
The document provides information on personality disorders, including:
1. The definition of a personality disorder as an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates from cultural expectations and causes impairment.
2. The main types of personality disorders are described, including antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic, avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders.
3. Assessment of personality disorders involves clinical history, standardized measures, and examining areas like childhood experiences, relationships, employment, and criminal history. Treatments evaluated include psychotherapy, cognitive therapies, and intensive programs, but outcomes vary depending on the specific personality disorder.
When you’re a parent, you may not give much thought to teen mental health conditions or mental distress. You might attribute potential red flags in behavior to typical teen growing pains. As parents, it is essential to realize that some things might be real warning signs of mental health issues in teens.
By understanding more about the risks for teens regarding their mental health and the impact of social media, you’re better positioned to know what to watch for; you’re also more likely to be able to help your teen who is struggling.
1. Trauma can arise from powerful shocks like divorce, death of a parent, abuse, disasters or war and can have long-lasting effects on children.
2. Trauma is defined by how a person reacts to events and can include feelings of shock, denial, unpredictable emotions, strained relationships, and physical symptoms.
3. Types of traumatic experiences for children include sexual, physical or emotional abuse, neglect, accidents, domestic violence, community violence, and grief or separation from caregivers.
1. Trauma can arise from powerful shocks like divorce, death of a parent, abuse, disasters or war. These experiences can have long-lasting effects on children.
2. Trauma is defined as an emotional response to a terrible event that overwhelms a person's ability to regulate their emotions. Common causes of childhood trauma include sexual, physical, or emotional abuse, neglect, accidents, violence, or loss of a parent.
3. Children who experience trauma may exhibit symptoms like struggling with emotions, frightening memories, sleep problems, feelings of danger, and relationship or behavioral issues. Trauma can also impact brain development and have long-term effects on learning, behavior, and health. Support from caring adults
People with obsessive-compulsive disorder experience distressing and repetitive thoughts (obsessions) that often lead to repetitive behaviors (compulsions) like cleaning, checking, or counting. The most effective treatment is exposure therapy, where the person is exposed to the source of distress while preventing ritualized responses, though this therapy is often ineffective due to patient refusal or quitting treatment. A cognitive intervention to help reinterpret thoughts can also help. Substance dependence or addiction involves an inability to stop a self-destructive habit and is explained by factors like withdrawal avoidance, distress coping, and drug-altered brain synapses.
Here is a summary of the key aspects of CBT based on the information provided:
- CBT is a blend of cognitive and behavioral therapeutic strategies that acknowledges both thoughts and behaviors can influence psychological disorders.
- It is problem-focused and action-oriented - therapists help clients identify specific strategies to address problems like reducing panic attacks or returning to work after depression.
- Clients are expected to actively engage in exercises and practices like keeping thought journals to monitor symptoms.
- The ABC model is one CBT technique where clients record the activating event, their beliefs and interpretations of the event, and the consequences or emotional/behavioral responses.
- For the girl concerned about public speaking, the therapist asked questions to understand
PowerPoint mental health and physical healthalvicroda2
The document discusses the relationship between mental and physical health, noting that they have a bi-directional and complex relationship, with poor mental health being a risk factor for chronic physical conditions and vice versa. Maintaining good physical and mental health is important, as chronic stress and depression can negatively impact physical health by increasing risks of issues like heart disease, digestive problems, and changes in appetite, while physical illnesses can also influence mental well-being. The document provides tips for maintaining good mental and physical health through practices like exercise, diet, stress management, and seeking support when needed.
Head-to-Toe Assessment of the person who are sick.pptxalvicroda2
A head-to-toe assessment involves systematically assessing all body systems through inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. It should be done on patient admission, at the beginning of each shift, and as needed based on the patient's condition. The assessment follows safety protocols and examines the patient's general appearance, neurological status, skin, head and neck, chest, abdomen, extremities, back, and any other areas of concern through specific examination techniques for each region. Any unusual findings require follow-up with a more focused assessment of the affected system.
adolescent reproductive health discussion to the senior high schoolsalvicroda2
This document provides an outline for an adolescent sexuality and reproductive health session. It begins with a pre-test to assess students' existing knowledge. The topic outline then covers the rationale for ASRH classes and defines adolescence and sexuality. It discusses fertility, love, myths about love, and early sexual initiation. The session aims to help students understand adolescent issues in the region, define key concepts, develop healthy relationships, and learn about STIs/HIV. Data is presented on sexual experience among local youth which indicates early onset of sex and unprotected premarital sex. The document also covers physical changes during puberty and concepts of human fertility and the menstrual cycle.
stress encountered by the teachers in schools and the role of teacher and wel...alvicroda2
Teacher well-being is important because it influences students, colleagues, and the community. Stressed teachers perform poorly and cannot model positive behaviors, which affects student performance and well-being. Regular stress can demotivate teachers and drain their energy. To manage stress, teachers should practice self-care, identify stressors, learn time management, and use relaxation techniques. Unaddressed stress has negative consequences for teachers and students alike.
mental and physical well-being presentation in manuel.pptxalvicroda2
The document discusses the relationship between mental and physical health, explaining that they have a bi-directional and complex relationship, as poor mental health can increase the risk of chronic physical conditions and vice versa. It explores how conditions like stress and depression can negatively impact physical health by suppressing the immune system and increasing health issues, while physical illnesses can in turn influence mental well-being. Maintaining good mental and physical health requires understanding their connection and practicing self-care strategies.
ipcrf-deped-pagadian city, zamboanga del sur.pptxalvicroda2
The document is a performance review for Alvic S. Roda, a Nurse II. It lists his various credentials and titles. His total performance rating for 2023 is 4.02, which is considered "Very Satisfactory" according to the performance rating scale.
The performance review summarizes Alvic S. Roda's work as a nurse in the School Health Section for 2023. Key activities included conducting health programs and services in schools, inspecting school canteens for food safety, creating IEC materials, and monitoring schools' adherence to child-friendly systems. Objectives were 40-50% accomplished. Programs on food safety, identification of persons with disabilities, and assistance to women with disabilities were implemented. Challenges around food sales in canteens and identifying more persons with disabilities were addressed. Plans for 2024 include continued canteen inspections, a food safety seminar, and checking canteen operators' compliance.
Memorandum of hazard pay public health workers in the philippinesalvicroda2
This proposed bill seeks to amend Republic Act No. 7305, also known as the Magna Carta of Public Health Workers. It aims to increase benefits and protections for public health workers, including raising night shift differentials, hazard allowances, and subsistence allowances. It also prohibits discrimination based on additional attributes like sexual orientation and gender identity. The bill aims to better compensate public health workers and protect them, in order to strengthen healthcare services.
This document contains updates from various school health programs in Pagadian City. It includes:
1. The number of estimated beneficiaries for the school-based feeding program, with Pagadian City targeting 7,492 beneficiaries and distributing over 7 million pesos in funds.
2. A table showing the number of teachers who submitted the required Form 86 for their annual physical examination, with over 1,400 total teachers and around 166 non-compliant.
3. A list of 14 unvaccinated teaching personnel.
4. Announcements of upcoming school health activities like teacher profiling exams and applying fluoride varnish to students.
HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It is a virus that weakens a person's immune system by destroying important cells that fight disease and infection. HIV is passed through direct contact with certain body fluids from an infected person, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, and breast milk. While there is no cure for HIV, it can be managed with antiretroviral treatment. Prevention methods include abstaining from sex, reducing partners, using condoms consistently, getting tested regularly, and treating other STIs.
This performance review summarizes the accomplishments of Alvic S. Roda, a school nurse, for 2022. It outlines their responsibilities in several areas: conducting health programs and services for 9 schools; implementing nutrition programs; fostering linkages with other organizations; providing special services like health lectures and dental assistance; and acting as a resource person. It also discusses their 95-98% achievement of key result areas, challenges around limited funding and supplies, and commitments to maintain health discipline and keep the school clinic functional.
The document discusses stress management for teachers. It defines stress as a feeling that occurs when demands exceed personal resources. Teachers experience stress from factors like lesson planning, accountability, classroom management, and lack of support. The document suggests various activities for teachers to discuss stressors they face and role play stressful scenarios. It provides tips for understanding the causes of stress and managing it, such as planning, recognizing limits, talking through problems, and exercising. The overall document aims to introduce stress and provide remedies for teachers to create a relaxing environment.
The document discusses trends in declining teacher satisfaction, increasing burnout and attrition. Four main sources of teacher stress are identified: school organization/culture, job demands, lack of work resources, and teachers' personal resources. High teacher stress leads to negative outcomes for students such as higher stress levels, poorer behavior, social-emotional adjustment and academic performance. Promising approaches to reduce teacher stress discussed include quality mentoring, mindfulness programs, workplace wellness programs, and social-emotional learning programs. The goal of the event is to hear expert perspectives on potential solutions and consider innovations that can be tested to address the "crisis" of teacher stress.
Teacher well-being is important because it influences students, colleagues, and the community. Stressed teachers perform poorly and spread negative emotions, affecting student performance and well-being. To manage stress, teachers should recognize stress signs, use techniques like breathing and conflict resolution, and make self-care a priority through good time management, social support, and stress-reducing activities. Unmanaged stress hurts individuals and communities.
This document outlines an agenda for a stress management workshop. It includes icebreakers for participants to introduce themselves and discuss stressful experiences. It reviews research on stress and its impacts on health. The workshop aims to help participants identify their stress indicators, stress reduction resources, and set personal goals for a healthier lifestyle. Various activities are included like stress inventories, discussions on managing stress through humor, relaxation strategies, and incorporating more positive emotions at work.
This document provides an overview of Psychological First Aid (PFA). PFA is a model for assisting people in the immediate aftermath of disasters and traumatic events. It involves providing basic care, comfort, and promoting self-sufficiency. The goals of PFA are to restore safety, facilitate functioning, and empower action through techniques like ensuring basic needs, active listening, stress management, and education. PFA is designed for use by first responders and others in disaster settings to limit distress and support resilience among survivors.
TEST BANK For Accounting Information Systems, 3rd Edition by Vernon Richardso...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For Accounting Information Systems, 3rd Edition by Vernon Richardson, Verified Chapters 1 - 18, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For Accounting Information Systems, 3rd Edition by Vernon Richardson, Verified Chapters 1 - 18, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For Accounting Information Systems, 3rd Edition by Vernon Richardson, Verified Chapters 1 - 18, Complete Newest Version
The facial nerve, also known as cranial nerve VII, is one of the 12 cranial nerves originating from the brain. It's a mixed nerve, meaning it contains both sensory and motor fibres, and it plays a crucial role in controlling various facial muscles, as well as conveying sensory information from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
Gemma Wean- Nutritional solution for Artemiasmuskaan0008
GEMMA Wean is a high end larval co-feeding and weaning diet aimed at Artemia optimisation and is fortified with a high level of proteins and phospholipids. GEMMA Wean provides the early weaned juveniles with dedicated fish nutrition and is an ideal follow on from GEMMA Micro or Artemia.
GEMMA Wean has an optimised nutritional balance and physical quality so that it flows more freely and spreads readily on the water surface. The balance of phospholipid classes to- gether with the production technology based on a low temperature extrusion process improve the physical aspect of the pellets while still retaining the high phospholipid content.
GEMMA Wean is available in 0.1mm, 0.2mm and 0.3mm. There is also a 0.5mm micro-pellet, GEMMA Wean Diamond, which covers the early nursery stage from post-weaning to pre-growing.
This particular slides consist of- what is Pneumothorax,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is a summary of Pneumothorax:
Pneumothorax, also known as a collapsed lung, is a condition that occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall. This air buildup puts pressure on the lung, preventing it from expanding fully when you breathe. A pneumothorax can cause a complete or partial collapse of the lung.
Let's Talk About It: Breast Cancer (What is Mindset and Does it Really Matter?)bkling
Your mindset is the way you make sense of the world around you. This lens influences the way you think, the way you feel, and how you might behave in certain situations. Let's talk about mindset myths that can get us into trouble and ways to cultivate a mindset to support your cancer survivorship in authentic ways. Let’s Talk About It!
At Apollo Hospital, Lucknow, U.P., we provide specialized care for children experiencing dehydration and other symptoms. We also offer NICU & PICU Ambulance Facility Services. Consult our expert today for the best pediatric emergency care.
For More Details:
Map: https://cutt.ly/BwCeflYo
Name: Apollo Hospital
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DECODING THE RISKS - ALCOHOL, TOBACCO & DRUGS.pdfDr Rachana Gujar
Introduction: Substance use education is crucial due to its prevalence and societal impact.
Alcohol Use: Immediate and long-term risks include impaired judgment, health issues, and social consequences.
Tobacco Use: Immediate effects include increased heart rate, while long-term risks encompass cancer and heart disease.
Drug Use: Risks vary depending on the drug type, including health and psychological implications.
Prevention Strategies: Education, healthy coping mechanisms, community support, and policies are vital in preventing substance use.
Harm Reduction Strategies: Safe use practices, medication-assisted treatment, and naloxone availability aim to reduce harm.
Seeking Help for Addiction: Recognizing signs, available treatments, support systems, and resources are essential for recovery.
Personal Stories: Real stories of recovery emphasize hope and resilience.
Interactive Q&A: Engage the audience and encourage discussion.
Conclusion: Recap key points and emphasize the importance of awareness, prevention, and seeking help.
Resources: Provide contact information and links for further support.
Michigan HealthTech Market Map 2024. Includes 7 categories: Policy Makers, Academic Innovation Centers, Digital Health Providers, Healthcare Providers, Payers / Insurance, Device Companies, Life Science Companies, Innovation Accelerators. Developed by the Michigan-Israel Business Accelerator
Healthy Eating Habits:
Understanding Nutrition Labels: Teaches how to read and interpret food labels, focusing on serving sizes, calorie intake, and nutrients to limit or include.
Tips for Healthy Eating: Offers practical advice such as incorporating a variety of foods, practicing moderation, staying hydrated, and eating mindfully.
Benefits of Regular Exercise:
Physical Benefits: Discusses how exercise aids in weight management, muscle and bone health, cardiovascular health, and flexibility.
Mental Benefits: Explains the psychological advantages, including stress reduction, improved mood, and better sleep.
Tips for Staying Active:
Encourages consistency, variety in exercises, setting realistic goals, and finding enjoyable activities to maintain motivation.
Maintaining a Balanced Lifestyle:
Integrating Nutrition and Exercise: Suggests meal planning and incorporating physical activity into daily routines.
Monitoring Progress: Recommends tracking food intake and exercise, regular health check-ups, and provides tips for achieving balance, such as getting sufficient sleep, managing stress, and staying socially active.
MBC Support Group for Black Women – Insights in Genetic Testing.pdfbkling
Christina Spears, breast cancer genetic counselor at the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, joined us for the MBC Support Group for Black Women to discuss the importance of genetic testing in communities of color and answer pressing questions.
This particular slides consist of- what is hypotension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is the summary of hypotension:
Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is when the pressure of blood circulating in the body is lower than normal or expected. It's only a problem if it negatively impacts the body and causes symptoms. Normal blood pressure is usually between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg, but pressures below 90/60 are generally considered hypotensive.
2. There are many issues that the
adolescent faces in today’s society
that could bring on anxiety, present
challenging problems, and/or require
difficult decision-making.
Each individual may deal differently with these
subjects. For some, the matter may be
insignificant, while it becomes a crisis for
others or their family.
3. Swiss psychologist Carl Jung (pronounced ‘young’; 1875-1961)
theorized about personality and temperament. He defined
‘temperament’ as an individual’s true nature or disposition. It is
defined by genetics and our inborn reactions to our environment,
emotional and social situations.
Personality, or persona is how we present ourselves to the world. Persona
represents all of the different social masks that we wear among different groups
and situations, and involves our ego, or behaviors. The individual cannot
change inborn temperament … but might be able to revise personality. This
likely occurs during adolescence as part of identity development.
People with personality disorders have a restricted view of
the world and find it difficult to participate in social
activities. Numerous conditions have been identified:
Multiple Personalities, Borderline Personality, Bipolar, and
Attention-Deficit, Dissociative, and Obsessive-compulsive
Disorders, and Anti-social Behavior, etc.
4. • Activity Level (active vs. passive)
The proportion of active periods to inactive ones
• Adaptability
The ease with which a child adapts to changes in his environment
• Approach/Withdrawal (introvert vs. extrovert or assertive vs. unsure)
The response to a new object or person
• Distractibility
The degree to which extraneous stimuli affect behavior
• Intensity of Reaction
The energy of response regardless of its quality or direction
• Quality of Mood
Amount of time spent in friendly, pleasant, joyful behavior
• Persistence/Attention Span
The amount of time devoted to an activity and level of distraction
• Regularity/Rhythmicity (structured vs. disorganized)
Regularity of hunger, excretion, sleep and wakefulness
• Sensory Threshold (calm vs. anxious)
The intensity of stimuli required to evoke a discernible response
There are 9 identified
traits that characterize
ones temperament:
5. Jung identified a number of archetypes (typical
examples) of personality. He suggested that this
list is not static or fixed. Instead, many different
archetypes may overlap or combine at any given
time. The following are just a few of the various
archetypes that Jung described:
The father: Authority figure; stern; powerful.
The mother: Nurturing; comforting.
The child: Longing for innocence; rebirth;
salvation.
The wise old man: Guidance; knowledge;
wisdom.
The hero: Champion; defender; rescuer.
The maiden: Innocence; desire; purity.
The trickster: Deceiver; liar; trouble-maker.
6. Alfred Adler (1870-1937) believed that a person's behavior is motivated by
a desire to achieve success or superiority. This is often moderated by
social environments. According to his theory, all children feel
inadequacies when compared to others. He coined the phrase ‘inferiority
complex’ to describe that concept. Although he did believe that
personality is influenced in large part by heredity and the environment,
Adler believed that each person has his or her ability to create a distinct
personality in order to be successful and achieve full mental health.
Adler also theorized about birth order and personality. He believed
the order in which you are born to a family affects your personality.
First born children enjoy excessive attention until younger siblings
steal it, leaving them to have the greatest number of problems as
they get older. Adler believed middle born children have a high
need for superiority and are often able to seek it out through healthy
competition. The youngest children get pampered and protected more
than any other child did, which could leave them with a sense that he
cannot take on the world alone and will always be inferior to others.
7. Building on the writings and observations of Jung during
World War II, Isabel Briggs-Myers and her mother, Katharine
C. Briggs, delineated personality types by constructing the
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.
This model was later revised by David Keirsey with a different
understanding from Jung, Briggs and Myers. He called his test
the Kiersey Temperament Sorter.
Gallup, Inc. is an American research-based group that is
best known for conducting public opinion polls and then
using the findings to consult with businesses,
employers, political campaigns, etc.
They developed the Gallup Strengths Assessment, which some companies are
using to help identify possible employees, with strengths that meet their needs.
8. Internet Addiction, also known as computer addiction,
online addiction, or Internet addiction disorder (IAD),
can be categorized into 5 different areas…
Cybersex Addiction – compulsive use of Internet
pornography, adult chat rooms, fantasy sex, etc.
Cyber-Relationship Addiction – addiction to social
networking, chat rooms, texting, and messaging
Net Compulsions – such as compulsive online
gaming, gambling, stock trading, or use of online
auction sites
Computer Addiction – obsessive playing of off-line
computer games, or obsessive computer
programming.
Information Overload – compulsive web surfing or
database searching
9. Spending a lot of time online or on the
computer is defined as ‘an impulse
control PROBLEM’ when it absorbs too
much of your time, causing you to neglect
your relationships, your work, school, or
other important things in your life.
People become addicted to the internet to
relieve unpleasant and overwhelming
feelings. Risk factors for Internet or
computer addiction include:
You suffer from anxiety, you’re depressed,
you have any other addictions (such as
drugs, alcohol, gambling, or sex), you lack
social support, you’re an unhappy teenager
(more so than other age groups), you’re
less mobile or socially active than you once
were, or you are stressed.
10. Signs and symptoms of Internet
addiction vary from person to
person. There are no set hours per
day or number of messages sent
that indicate internet addiction, but
there are some general warning
signs that internet use may have
become a problem: Losing track of
time while online, having trouble
completing tasks at work or home,
increasing isolation from family
and friends, feeling guilty or
defensive about your internet use,
or feeling a sense of euphoria while
involved in Internet activities.
Internet or computer addiction can also
cause physical discomfort such as: Carpal
Tunnel Syndrome (pain and numbness in
hands and wrists), dry eyes or strained
vision, back and/or neck aches, severe
headaches, sleep disturbances, or
pronounced weight gain/ loss.
11. Young people use drugs, including nicotine and
alcohol, for similar reasons that adults do – to
change how they feel, because they want to feel
better or different. Reasons may include:
• Relaxation or fun
• Boredom
• Curiosity
• Socializing with friends, peer pressure or the
need to feel part of a group
• To escape from psychological or
physiological pain.
Adolescents are particularly susceptible to substance abuse due to their level of
brain development and cognitive thinking. They are still developing the skills
needed to make wise judgments, good decisions, and exercise self-control;
they are risk takers and don’t thoroughly understand the relationship between
actions and consequences; they experiment; they are heavily influenced by
mass media and peers; they seek excessive stimulation.
12. The more risk factors an individual has, the
greater the chance that taking drugs can lead
to addiction. Risk factors include:
Biology - genetics, gender, ethnicity, and
presence of other mental disorders
Social Environment - influences of family
and friends, socioeconomic status, quality of
life in general, peer pressure, physical and
sexual abuse, stress, and quality of
parenting
Age and Stage of Development - critical
developmental stages in a person’s life affect
addiction vulnerability; although taking
drugs at any age can lead to addiction, the
earlier that drug use begins, the more likely it
will progress to more serious abuse. PREVENTION IS THE KEY.
13. Illicit drug use includes the abuse of
illegal drugs and/or the misuse of
prescription medications or
household substances. These drugs
directly or indirectly cause a
pleasurable increase in the amount
of dopamine in the brain. As a person
continues to abuse drugs, the brain
adapts to the drug-induced surges in
dopamine by producing less
dopamine of its own. This decrease
compels the addicted person to keep
abusing drugs in an attempt to bring
the dopamine function back to
normal, but now larger amounts of
the drug are required to achieve the
same euphoric dopamine high—an
effect known as tolerance.
14. Repeatedly seeking to experience that euphoric
feeling can lead to addiction, a chronic, often
relapsing brain disease that causes compulsive drug
seeking and use, despite harmful consequences to the
addicted individual and to those around him or her.
Effects experienced by abusing drugs range from heightened sensory
perception, euphoria, weight loss, increased alertness and energy, and ability
to sleep… to paranoia, hallucinations, seizures, memory loss, organ failure,
tooth decay, weight gain, cognitive impairment, and death.
15. Illegal drug use may include
synthetic cathinone products
(marketed as bath salts, phone
screen cleaner, plant food,
jewelry cleaner), club drugs (date
rape drugs incl. ketamine,
rohypnol, GHB), cocaine,
hallucinogens (such as LSD and
PCP), heroine, inhalants (such as
spray paint, markers, glues,
cleaning fluids) , marijuana and
synthetic marijuana, MDMA
(Ecstasy), methamphetamine,
salvia, anabolic steroids, over-
the-counter (OTC) drugs ( such
as dextromethorphan found in
cough and cold medications),
and prescription drugs.
Commonly abused classes of prescription
drugs include opioids for pain ( Vicodin,
Oxycontin, Darvon), central nervous system
depressants for anxiety and sleep disorders
(Xanax, Valium), and stimulants for ADHD
and narcolepsy (Ritalin, Adderall).
16. It is produced by the fermentation of yeast, sugars, and starches. It is a central
nervous system depressant that is rapidly absorbed from the stomach and
small intestine into the bloodstream. Alcohol is metabolized in the liver by
enzymes; however, the liver can only metabolize a small amount of alcohol at a
time, leaving the excess alcohol to circulate throughout the body. The intensity
of the effect of alcohol on the body is directly related to the amount consumed.
Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, is an
intoxicating ingredient found in
beer, wine, and liquor.
17. Individual reactions to alcohol vary,
and are influenced by factors
such as: age, gender, race or ethnicity,
weight, fitness level, amount of food
consumed before drinking, how quickly
the alcohol was consumed, use of drugs
or prescription medications, and family
history of alcohol problems.
Alcohol affects every organ in
the drinker's body and can
damage a developing fetus.
Intoxication can impair brain
function and motor skills; heavy
use can increase risk of certain
cancers, stroke, and liver
disease. Alcoholism is a
diagnosable disease
characterized by a strong craving
for alcohol, and/or continued use
despite harm or personal injury.
Alcohol abuse is a pattern of
drinking that results in harm to
one's health, interpersonal
relationships, or ability to work.
18. Binge drinking has become
common among younger
drinkers. A single alcohol binge
may cause bacteria to leak
from the intestines and
increase levels of bacterial
toxins in the blood. Increased
levels of these bacterial toxins,
called endotoxins, were shown
to adversely affect the immune
system. Binge drinking
corresponds to consuming
about 5 or more drinks for
men, or 4 or more drinks for
women, in a 2 hour period.
Drinking too much too quickly can affect
breathing, heart rate, body temperature, gag reflex,
and potentially lead to coma and death. This is known as ‘alcohol poisoning’.
19. Cigarettes and other forms of tobacco—
including cigars, pipe tobacco, snuff, and
chewing tobacco—contain the addictive
drug nicotine. Nicotine is readily absorbed
into the bloodstream when a tobacco
product is chewed, inhaled, or smoked.
Upon entering the bloodstream, nicotine
immediately stimulates the adrenal glands
to release the hormone epinephrine
(adrenaline). Epinephrine stimulates the
central nervous system and increases
blood pressure, respiration, and heart rate.
Nicotine also increases brain levels of the
neurotransmitter dopamine, which affects
the brain pathways that control reward and
pleasure. Long-term brain changes can
result in addiction to nicotine.
20. Nicotine is addictive, but does not cause cancer.
Tobacco smoke is a mixture of chemicals such as
carbon monoxide, tar, formaldehyde, cyanide, and
ammonia—many of which are carcinogens (cancer-
causing). Carbon monoxide increases the chance of
cardiovascular diseases such as stroke, heart attack,
vascular disease, and aneurysm. Tar exposes the
user to an increased risk of lung cancer, emphysema,
and bronchial disorders. On average, adults who
smoke die 14 years earlier than nonsmokers.
Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of
disease, disability, and death in the United States. It
kills more people than obesity, substance abuse,
infectious disease, firearms, and traffic accidents,
according to the Center for Disease Control (CDC).
Pregnant women who smoke cigarettes run an
increased risk of miscarriage, stillborn or premature
infants, or infants with low birth weight..
21. Secondhand, passive, or environmental smoke consists of exhaled smoke and
smoke given off by the burning end of tobacco products. Inhaling secondhand
smoke increases risk for disease, especially respiratory problems. Children
exposed to secondhand smoking are at an increased risk for sudden infant
death syndrome, ear problems, and severe asthma. Children who grow up with
parents who smoke are more likely to become smokers.
People begin smoking for a variety of
reasons: peer pressure, social bond
with other smokers, they like the risk
(adolescents), parental influence,
misinformation (‘light’ cigarettes),
genetic predisposition, advertising and
other media influences, self-medication
(for stress), oral satisfaction, and to
keep from over-eating or biting nails.
22. Eating disorders are mental health disorders
falling under the headings of anxiety disorders
or OCD… Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.
Obsessions are repetitive or persistent
behaviors, thoughts, impulses, or images that
are unwanted and cause anxiety or distress.
Compulsions are repetitive behaviors (like
throwing up after eating) or mental acts (like
avoiding food). Eating disorders may be a
combination of biological, behavioral, and social
factors. An adolescent with an eating disorder is
so preoccupied with food and weight that they
can often focus on little else.
About 1 out of every 100 adolescent females and 1 in 1,000 adolescent males
suffer from an eating disorder. Some teens may try to ‘be perfect’ or imitate
cultural images. Others fear becoming overweight or suffer from depression, low
self-esteem, feelings of emptiness, or feeling helpless and ‘out of control’.
23. 2. Bulimia: gross overeating (binging) and then
purging (getting rid of) the food. Feeling
disgusted and ashamed after overeating, bulimics
try to prevent weight gain by inducing vomiting or
using laxatives, diet pills, diuretics, or enemas.
Stomach acids from chronic vomiting can cause:
damage to tooth enamel, inflammation of the
esophagus, swelling of salivary glands in the
cheeks, and lower blood levels of potassium that
can lead to dangerous, abnormal heart rhythms.
1. Anorexia: refusal to eat adequate calories out of fear of becoming fat. It can
damage major organs, cause irregular heartbeat, low blood pressure, pulse,
body temperature, and breathing rates, cessation of menstrual cycle, infertility,
brittle hair and nails, and thinning of bones. It is fatal in about one out of every
10 cases, usually attributed to cardiac arrest, electrolyte imbalance, or suicide.
The three main types of eating disorders are:
24. Overweight and obese
adolescents are more
likely to be bullied than
their normal-weight peers.
10% of normal-weight
adolescents report being
bullied, compared to 15%
of overweight and 23% of
obese children. Obese
teens are nearly 3 ½ times
more likely to be excluded
from group activities.
Long-term treatment addresses psychological issues. Treatments include:
antidepressant medication, behavioral therapy, psychotherapy, support groups.
3. Binge eating disorder: a condition in which
a person may gorge rapidly on food,
but does not purge. The excess weight caused by
binge eating puts the individual at risk of: heart
disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and
type 2 diabetes.
25. Over 1/3rd of adolescents are
overweight or obese.
Adolescents who are obese are likely to be
obese as adults, and are therefore more at risk
for adult health problems such as heart
disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke, several types
of cancer, and osteoarthritis.
Obesity in adolescence can be
attributed to:
Poor eating habits
Fast food diets
Overeating or binging
Lack of exercise
Family history of obesity
Medical illnesses
Medications
Stressful life events
Family and peer problems
Low self-esteem
Emotional problems
Depression
Overweight and obese adolescents are targets for bullying.
26. The Omaha Police Department reports nearly 80 gangs in the
city, with over 3,000 members. They identify with gang names,
colors, gang language or hand signs and a common philosophy.
Some gangs will mark an area or neighborhood with graffiti to
claim the territory for distribution.
The gangs pose gun, drug, and
violence problems for the city.
Some 33,000 violent street gangs, motorcycle
gangs, and prison gangs with about 1.4 million
members are criminally active in the U.S. today.
Many are sophisticated and well organized; all use
violence to control neighborhoods and boost their
illegal money-making activities, which include
robbery, burglary, drug and gun trafficking, fraud,
extortion, and prostitution rings.
27. Adolescents are the most likely age group to join gangs. The
prefrontal cortex of the brain is still developing, so cognitive
skills involving judgment, decision-making, problem-solving and hypothetical
thought are last to develop. They also struggle with identity, and want to be
included by a social peer group. This can be especially true for minority teens.
Gang membership can enhance prestige or status among friends. An adolescent
is likely to have more freedom from parents than younger children.
Gangs provide attractive opportunities such as the chance for excitement, and
making money in selling drugs or prostitution. Protection from other gangs and
perceived ‘safety’ are key of minority youth serves to push them into gangs.
28. • family instability or from single parent homes
• low economic or poverty status
• parents who are violent or gang-associated
• sibling antisocial behavior
• low educational aspiration
• low commitment/attachment to school
• high levels of antisocial behavior
• low achievement test scores and/or grades
• the identity of being learning disabled
• associating with law-violating peers
• early use of alcohol and marijuana
• prior delinquency
• hyperactivity
• early sexual activity
• being male
• hostility, aggression and rule breaking
• feeling unsafe in your neighborhood
An adolescent who is exposed
to 7 or more risk factors by age
12 is most likely to join a gang.
Risk factors include:
29. Juvenile delinquency is defined
as the habitual committing of criminal
acts or offenses by a young person,
especially one below the age at which
ordinary criminal prosecution is
possible (usually 18, but as early as age
14, depending on the nature of the
crime)
There are rehabilitation centers in the country to provide individualized
supervision, care, accountability, and treatment in a manner consistent with
public safety to those youth in its care.
30. Youth treatment and rehabilitation plans provide for
physical, emotional, religious, educational, and
social development. They provide the youth with
the following opportunities:
• drug and alcohol assessment/education/treatment
• pre-vocational exposure and training
• mental health/social services
• problem solving skills
• education
• social skills
• treatment for sexual trauma
• recreation
• spiritual development
31. Risk factors for juvenile delinquency:
• Low parental involvement
• Low parental education and income
• Parental substance abuse or criminality
• Poor monitoring and supervision of children
• Poverty
• High level of transiency
• Attention deficits, hyperactivity or learning disorders
• History of early aggressive behavior
• Involvement with gangs, drugs, alcohol or tobacco
• Low IQ or poor academic performance
• Poor behavioral control or emotional distress
• Association with delinquent peers
• Antisocial beliefs and attitudes or social rejection
• Exposure to violence and conflict in the family
• Harsh, lax or inconsistent disciplinary practices
32. Self-injury is not a suicide attempt, although it might look
and seem that way. It's difficult for many people to
understand; self-injury is an unhealthy way to deal with emotional pain, intense
anger, or frustration. It is a secretive behavior, easily hidden under clothes. It
tends to start around age 14. There is a higher incidence in females than males.
Forms of self-injury include:
• Cutting, usually on the arms, legs, or torso
• Carving words or symbols on the skin
• Breaking bones
• Hitting or punching
• Piercing the skin with sharp objects
• Head banging
• Biting
• Pulling out hair
• Persistently picking at/interfering with wound healing
• Burning (with lit matches, cigarettes or hot sharp objects like knives)
33. Self-injury may bring a momentary sense of calm and a
release of tension, but is usually followed by guilt and
shame and the return of painful emotions. And with self-
injury comes the possibility of more serious and even
fatal self-aggressive actions.
Because self-injury is
often done
impulsively, it can be
considered an
impulse-control
behavior problem.
Self-injury may be
linked to a variety of
mental disorders,
such as depression,
eating disorders and
borderline
personality disorder.
34. Through self-injury, the person may be trying to:
• Manage or reduce severe distress or anxiety and provide a sense of relief
• Provide a distraction from painful emotions through physical pain
• Feel a sense of control over his or her body, feelings or life situations
• Feel anything, even if it's physical pain, when feeling emotionally empty
• Express internal feelings in an external way
• Communicate depression or distressful feelings to the outside world
• Be punished for perceived faults
35. Teen depression is a serious medical problem that
causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of
interest in activities. It affects how the adolescent thinks,
feels and behaves, and it can cause emotional, functional
and physical problems. Depression is a mood disorder
with symptoms that ease with treatment such as
medication and psychological counseling. It cannot be
overcome with willpower.
36. Chemical imbalance in the brain,
hormones, inherited traits, early
childhood trauma, or learned
patterns of negative thinking. Also:
• Having an anxiety or eating disorder
• Having few friends/personal relationships
• Abusing alcohol, nicotine or other drugs
• Having low self-esteem or being overly dependent, self-critical or pessimistic
• Having self-esteem issues such as obesity, peer problems, long-term bullying
or academic problems
• Having a chronic medical illness such as cancer, diabetes or asthma
• Having been the victim or witness of physical/sexual abuse or violence
• Being a girl — depression occurs more often in females than in males
• Being gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender — becoming socially isolated or
experiencing bullying may increase the risk of depression
37. • Agitation or restlessness
• Use of alcohol or drugs
• Exaggerated self-blame or self-criticism
• Poor school performance or attendance
• Tiredness, loss of energy, insomnia or sleeping too much
• Feelings of sadness and/or crying spells for no apparent reason
• Irritability, frustration or feelings of anger, even over small matters
• Loss of interest or pleasure in normal activities, family and friends
• Feelings of worthlessness, guilt, fixation on past failures
• Trouble with memory, thinking, concentrating, decision-making
• Frequent thoughts of death, dying, suicide, or grim future
• Changes in appetite, dramatic weight loss or gain
• Frequent complaints of unexplained body aches and headaches
• Neglected appearance Disruptive or risky behavior
• Self-injury, such as cutting, burning, excessive piercing or tattooing
38. Adolescents have trouble coping with the
stress of being a teen, such as dealing with
rejection, failure, breakups and family turmoil. They lack brain development,
maturity, and experience that would allow them to see that they can turn their
lives around — and that suicide is a permanent solution to a temporary problem.
Many teens who attempt or commit suicide have a mental health condition or
substance abuse problem.
39. Factors that increase the risk of teen suicide include:
• Having a psychiatric disorder, such as depression
• A history of suicide attempts
• Family history of suicidal behavior
• Family history of mood disorder
• History of physical or sexual abuse
• Exposure to violence, such as being injured or
threatened with a weapon
Other factors, when combined with the above,
can also increase the risk, including:
• Access to means, such as firearms
• Use of alcohol or drugs
• Becoming pregnant
• Social isolation
• Exposure to suicide
• Loss or conflict with close friends or family members
40. • Talking about or hinting at suicide
• Talking about or writing about death
• Increased use of alcohol or drugs
• Feeling purposeless or hopeless
• Withdrawing from social contact
• Mood swings
• Changing normal routine, including eating or sleeping patterns
• Acting recklessly or aggressively
• Giving away belongings or getting affairs in order when there is no other
logical explanation for why this is being done
• Developing personality changes or being severely anxious or agitated
• Unexplained cuts or burns caused by self-injury
41. About 8 out of 10 pregnancies among
adolescents are either unplanned or occurred
before the adolescents were ready to be
parents. One in six (18%) 15-year-old females
in the U.S. will give birth by her 20th birthday.
Abstinence from sexual intercourse is the most
effective way to prevent unplanned
pregnancies. In order to avoid unplanned
pregnancies, it is essential for adolescents who
are sexually active to use effective
contraceptives every time they have sex. But
only about 1/4th of teens use contraceptives the
first time they have sex… because that would
be an indication or admitting it was ‘planned’.
Out of all teen pregnancies, 57% end in birth.
Another 14% end in miscarriage (self-abortion).
29% end in abortion (medical termination).
42. Pregnant teens and their unborn babies have unique
medical risks, so are considered high-risk pregnancies:
• Lack of early prenatal care
• No pre-pregnancy prenatal vitamins, increasing
incidence of neural tube defects.
• Higher risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension and
preeclampsia (dangerous medical condition combining
high blood pressure with excess protein in the urine…
causes swelling and organ damage)
• Higher risk of Caesarian section delivery, since pelvic
bones do not reach their maximum size until about the
age of 18, and vaginal delivery is not possible
• Babies of teen mothers have a higher mortality rate in
the first year of life
• Higher rates of premature births and low birth-weight
babies (under 5.5 pounds), increasing risk of digestive,
respiratory, vision, cognitive, and other problems.
43. Children of teen parents have:
Poorer cognitive and
educational outcomes,
such as a lower likelihood
of completing high school
and lower test scores;
more behavioral problems,
including higher levels of
fighting, delinquency, and
early sexual experience;
and poorer health
outcomes, such as a low
birth weight. They are not
being raised by mature
adults with experience in
good decision-making.
Statistically, adolescents who have a baby are
less likely to finish high school, more likely to be
poor as adults, and more likely to rely on public
assistance than those who do not have a teen
birth. Social circles change, and there is a higher
risk of post-partum depression. The majority of
adolescent mothers live with one of their parents.
44. • Eight out of 10 teen dads don’t marry the mother
of their child.
• Only 1 in 5 mothers receive child support from a
teen father, statistically less than $800 annually.
• Teen fathers earn 10 to 15 percent less annually
(life-long) than men who wait to have children.
• Teen dads are less likely to finish high school than
their peers.
• Teen fathers are more likely to get involved with
criminal behavior, including alcohol and drug
abuse.
• Children who don't live with their fathers are five
times more likely to be poverty-stricken than
children with both parents at home.
• Unmarried fathers have rights and responsibilities
concerning custody, visitation and child support
until the child is 18, but they will need to take legal
action to obtain these rights and responsibilities.
45. There are almost twice as many deaths in the first year of life than there are in
the next 13 years total. Then, the death rate rises rapidly following puberty
because of the top 3 causes of death: deadly accidents, homicides, and
suicides. Automobile accidents account for the largest number of accidental
deaths, followed by drowning, fire, falls, and poisoning.
46. • Teens drivers tend to underestimate dangerous
situations or not be able to recognize hazardous
situations.
• Teen drivers are more likely to speed and allow
shorter distances between their car and the one
in front of them. Male drivers and the presence
of teenage passengers increases the likelihood
of risky driving behavior.
• Among adolescent male drivers involved in fatal
accidents, over 1/3rd are speeding and 1/4th have
been drinking.
• Compared with other age groups, teens have the
lowest rate of seat belt use.
• Half of teen deaths from motor vehicle crashes
occurred between 3 p.m. and midnight and over
half occur on Friday, Saturday, or Sunday.
• Newly licensed drivers are at a higher risk
among teen drivers.
47. Adolescents may be more accident prone. This could
be a physical, emotional, or social issue. Influential
factors:
• Teens tend to be impulsive, stressed, and easily
distracted, which could lead to accidents.
• Some are pushing themselves physically, in order to
excel in sports, etc. This can lead to poor judgment,
over-extending themselves, and sports injuries.
• Some teens deal with growth spurts that leave them
feeling clumsy and uncoordinated… and prone
to accidents.
• Adolescents are risk takers.
• Adolescents imagine that they are the center of
attention, and that everyone is watching them.
This causes some teens to take more risks, in
order to impress their peers.
48. Bullying includes harassment, physical harm,
repeatedly demeaning speech and efforts to
ostracize another person. Bullying is active, and is
done with the intention of bringing another person
down. There are different kinds of bullying:
Physical bullying: domination by kicking,
punching and other physically harmful activities,
designed to instill fear or coerce the victim to do
something.
Verbal bullying: using demeaning language to
tear down another's self-image; teasing, belittling,
and using sarcasm to hurt the other person's
feelings or humiliate them in front of others.
Emotional bullying: often subtle; aimed at getting
someone else to feel isolated, alone and depressed.
Electronic or cyber bullying: using instant
messaging, cell phone text messages and online
social networks to humiliate and embarrass others.
49. Nearly 30 percent of teenagers in the U.S. have been involved
in bullying, either as a bully or as a victim of bullying.
Effects of teenage bullying:
• Obvious physical problems
and injuries that can result
from physical bullying.
• Emotional, verbal and cyber
bullying can deeply affect
teens, leading to depression,
suicide, drug use, isolation,
and long-term stunted social
development.
• In some cases, bullied teens
have violently reacted to
their tormentors in
retaliation.
50. Why Do People Bully?
• In a culture fascinated with winning, power, and
violence, bullying is an acceptable way of
getting what you want.
• If the home, the school, or the workplace does
not have high standards for the way people treat
each other, then bullying may be more likely.
• Mass media promotes a lack of personal and
social skills, and turns them into comedy and
reality TV.
• Home environments that are not warm and
loving, that don’t encourage sharing of feelings,
or one in which discipline and monitoring are
inconsistent are perfect for raising bullies.
• Children who experience social rejection or
academic failure themselves are more likely to
"pass it on" to others.
• Some people bully others to have power.
51. Many youth begin paid employment by age 12 in their own neighborhoods,
shoveling snow, mowing yards, babysitting, and doing odd jobs. By age 16 they
may have more formal jobs, working in fast food restaurants, in retail and
service sectors, and grocery stores.
Researchers across disciplines have studied
adolescent employment, including psychologists,
sociologists, and economists. There appears to be
pros and cons to that employment.
Youth themselves report that employment is good for
them, citing the acceptance of responsibility,
development of time-management skills, overcoming
shyness with adults, and handling money. Employment
makes them feel more like adults.
52. Parents appear to support the idea of their adolescent children holding jobs.
While the minority of teens give their earnings directly to their parents, they do
use their money for clothes, food, gas, music, and more expensive leisure
activities. Some save a portion of their earnings for larger purchases or college.
In the long run, they do help their family economics by financing some of their
own needs and activities.
Critics of adolescents holding jobs
point out the fact that teens working
long hours at a job tend to have lower
school performance, lower career
aspirations, are less likely to go to
college, associate at work with adults
in entry level jobs who might not value
education, drink and smoke more, and
exhibit more behavioral problems.
53. Educators complain that teens often work too
many hours at jobs. They come to school tired,
have poorer academic performance, don’t have
enough time for homework or to meet with
teachers after school for extra help, have higher
absenteeism and dropout rates, and avoid
extracurricular activities.
The key to successful teen employment appears to be a healthy balance
between school, work, and family, as well as money management advice,
including the importance of saving.
Teens entering adolescence
and high school with strong
academic interests and
goals tend to work fewer
hours than those who
express less interest in
school and school
activities. These students
tend to be from higher
socioeconomic
backgrounds, and schedule
work around school,
extracurricular activities,
and family events.
54. One of the most visible signs of changing cultural norms
for today's adolescents has been the movement of body art
into the mainstream. Once considered a mark of a rebel or
outcast, tattoos and numerous body piercings have become
very common, almost a rite of passage for teenagers.
The adolescent concepts of
‘personal fable’ and ‘imaginary
audience’ are strongly
supported by a teen’s
expression through body art.
Teens use body art for social
bonding with a peer group,
identity formation, or to
commemorate a friend or loved
one. They view tattoos and body
piercings as true beautification.
55. Body art has some correlation to at-risk teens, with some
studies reporting a significant relationship between piercing
and substance abuse.
Other studies of high school youth have found that tattooing was significantly
associated with other high-risk behaviors, including sexual intercourse, binge
drinking, smoking, marijuana use, gang membership, truancy, and school failure.
Among college students, this frequency of high-risk behavior did not exist.
Since adolescent brain
development involving
judgment, decision-making, and
understanding of consequences
may not yet be fully developed,
teens may not understand that
some careers/professions
would not be suited to visible
body art. It could stand in the
way of some jobs or honors.
56. Piercing, tattooing, and guaging can cause a
variety of adverse reactions, depending on
body part. Tongue piercing may cause
damage to teeth and gums, including dental
fractures and changes in mastication and
speech. Permanent nerve damage can occur
with piercing of any body part, as can
scarring, rejection, and possible keloid
formation. The possibility for transmission of
hepatitis and HIV also exists.
Another form of body art is
"gauging," which is the
insertion of progressively
larger circular discs into the
pinna of the ear, resulting in a
larger and larger opening that
can be filled with objects
ranging from corks to coins.
57. In 1992, Jean S. Phinney developed the 3-stage theory of ethnic
development:
1. Unexamined ethnic identity – characterized by a lack of
interest or exploration; general acceptance of others opinions
2. Ethnic identity search – starts to think about, research, and
develop an ethnic identity, often due to a harsh or indirect event
3. Ethnic identity achievement – individuals have a clear sense of
their ethnic identity, and can navigate their bicultural identity
The adolescent compares themselves to others
in and out of their peer groups, and discover
their similarities and differences. Ethnic identity
represents the values of the culture, ethnic, or
racial group to which the person belongs. A
minority teen may find their ethnic standards
and values contradict those of majority peers.
58. Teenagers who are members of ethnic/racial minorities are the most vulnerable
to cultural conflicts.
They may be ‘stereotyped’: a widely-held but over-simplified image or idea of a
particular type of person.
They may be the target of ‘prejudice’: a preconceived opinion or bias that is not
based on reason, fact, or actual experience.
They may experience ‘discrimination’: unjust or prejudicial treatment of various
categories of people on the grounds of ethnic background, race, age, or sex.
59. Ethnic identity refers to ‘country of origin’,
religious origin, where your ancestors lived, etc.
Examples: American, Canadian, German, Irish,
Chinese, Jewish, Christian, Muslim, etc.
Racial identity may be the same as ethnic
identity, but includes definite phenotypes:
observable characteristics of an individual, such
as skin color, hair type and color, eye shape, etc.
Examples: Black, Caucasian, Hispanic, Asian,
American Indian, etc.
Children become aware of their ethnic/racial
differences, but maturing adolescents express
pride in their heritage and comfort in their sense
of belonging to a group. An acceptance and
appreciation of diversity and all cultural
differences is the key to avoiding conflict and
being respectful of all people as individuals.
60. Sexual orientation is part of the identity ‘crisis’ of adolescence, and is a term
frequently used to describe a person’s romantic, emotional or sexual attraction
to another person. A person attracted to another person of the same sex is said
to have a homosexual orientation and may be called gay (both men and women)
or lesbian. Individuals attracted to persons of the other sex are said to have a
heterosexual orientation. Individuals who are attracted to both men and women
are said to be bisexual. Same sex behavior has always existed; it is not a mental
illness. Reasons for it are still unknown. Sexual orientation does develop across
a person’s lifetime. Individuals maybe become aware at different points in their
lives that they are heterosexual, gay, lesbian, or bisexual.
61. “Coming out” is the term used to describe
the experience in which a person identifies
himself or herself as gay, lesbian or bisexual. Fears
and misunderstandings about homosexuality
present challenges to the development and
maintenance of a positive self-image in gay,
lesbian and bisexual persons and often to
their families as well. “Homophobia” is a term
that refers to the irrational fear and prejudice
against homosexual persons. Hate crimes are
prevalent. Gay and lesbian adolescents are often
taunted and humiliated in their school settings.
Many professional persons and employees in all
occupations are still fearful of identifying as gay or
lesbians in their work settings. Some states are
now legally recognizing gay rights and marriages.
62. The concepts of egocentrism and imaginary audience
may be illustrated best by an adolescent’s appearance.
The teenager is very conscious of how others view
them. They believe they are on display for everyone to
see. It is important that they dress and groom
themselves in a manner acceptable to their peer group.
In a typical week, the average adolescent
spends more than 40 hours with some form
of mass media. As they are confronted with
bombarded with the stylish and popular
cultural icons, the adolescent struggles to
establish their OWN style and identity.
They revise their look to duplicate the ideal
appearance they and their peer group
admire. It is important to them to appear
‘up to date’ with fashion trends or to be
deliberately ‘retro’, not old-fashioned.
63. Adolescent choices in
appearance might include
Clothing fashions
Accessories
Hair styles
Nail art
Body art
Shoe styles
Cosmetics
Skin tones, etc.