Cell culture based vaccine??
Cell cultures involve growing cells in a culture dish, often with a supportive growth medium. A primary cell culture consists of cells taken directly from living tissue, and may contain multiple types of cells such as fibroblasts, epithelial, and endothelial cells.
In the United States, 10 different vaccines for chicken pox, hepatitis A, polio, rabies, and rubella are cultured on aborted tissue from two fetal cell lines known as WI-38 and MRC-5. These vaccines are chicken pox, hep-A, hep-A, hep-A/hep-B, polio, rabies, rubella, measles/rubella, mumps/rubella, and MMR II (measles/mumps/rubella).
New antibiotics with unique properties and specificities
Produced by genetic manipulation
of the genes
involved in the biosynthesis of existing antibiotics
Researchers began by examining the consequences of placing two different antibiotic production pathways into one organism.
Each of the antibiotics (actinorhodine, medermycin, granaticin, dihydrogranaticin) functions as an acid-base indicator, conferring on a growing culture a characteristic color that depends on the compounds being synthesized.
Cell culture based vaccine??
Cell cultures involve growing cells in a culture dish, often with a supportive growth medium. A primary cell culture consists of cells taken directly from living tissue, and may contain multiple types of cells such as fibroblasts, epithelial, and endothelial cells.
In the United States, 10 different vaccines for chicken pox, hepatitis A, polio, rabies, and rubella are cultured on aborted tissue from two fetal cell lines known as WI-38 and MRC-5. These vaccines are chicken pox, hep-A, hep-A, hep-A/hep-B, polio, rabies, rubella, measles/rubella, mumps/rubella, and MMR II (measles/mumps/rubella).
New antibiotics with unique properties and specificities
Produced by genetic manipulation
of the genes
involved in the biosynthesis of existing antibiotics
Researchers began by examining the consequences of placing two different antibiotic production pathways into one organism.
Each of the antibiotics (actinorhodine, medermycin, granaticin, dihydrogranaticin) functions as an acid-base indicator, conferring on a growing culture a characteristic color that depends on the compounds being synthesized.
Scale up means increasing the quantity or volume of cell culture. For animal cells, the scale up strategies are dependent upon cell types or i.e. whether the cells requires matrix for attachment and growth ( adherent cell culture) or grows freely in suspended form in aqueous media. The scaling up principle for adherent cells are just to increase surface area for attachment while for suspension culture is to increase culture volume. This presentation enlightens the reader about different methods of scaling up of cells culture. Readers are also provided with sample questions for better understanding
Monoclonal Antibodies and it's applications.pptxAfroj Shaikh
SlideShare Description: Monoclonal Antibodies and Their Applications
In the rapidly advancing field of biotechnology, monoclonal antibodies have emerged as powerful tools with diverse applications. This SlideShare presentation provides a comprehensive overview of monoclonal antibodies and their wide-ranging uses in various fields, including medicine, research, and diagnostics.
The presentation begins by explaining the fundamental concept of monoclonal antibodies, highlighting their unique structure and production process. It delves into the significance of hybridoma technology, which allows for the generation of large quantities of identical antibodies derived from a single parental cell line.
Moving on, the SlideShare explores the applications of monoclonal antibodies in the field of medicine. It elucidates how these antibodies are employed in targeted therapies, such as cancer immunotherapy. The presentation highlights the remarkable specificity of monoclonal antibodies in recognizing and binding to specific targets, thereby enabling precise and tailored treatment approaches. It also discusses the role of monoclonal antibodies in autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and organ transplantation.
Furthermore, the presentation sheds light on the use of monoclonal antibodies in research and diagnostics. It explains how these antibodies are utilized as indispensable tools in laboratory research, facilitating the identification and characterization of various biomarkers and molecules. It also showcases their utility in techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry.
The SlideShare emphasizes the impact of monoclonal antibodies on the development of novel therapeutic modalities, including antibody-drug conjugates and bispecific antibodies. It touches upon the challenges and future prospects in the field, highlighting ongoing research efforts and advancements in antibody engineering.
With visually appealing slides, concise and informative content, this SlideShare presentation on monoclonal antibodies provides a valuable resource for scientists, healthcare professionals, students, and anyone interested in understanding the significance and applications of these remarkable biotechnological innovations.
Scale up means increasing the quantity or volume of cell culture. For animal cells, the scale up strategies are dependent upon cell types or i.e. whether the cells requires matrix for attachment and growth ( adherent cell culture) or grows freely in suspended form in aqueous media. The scaling up principle for adherent cells are just to increase surface area for attachment while for suspension culture is to increase culture volume. This presentation enlightens the reader about different methods of scaling up of cells culture. Readers are also provided with sample questions for better understanding
Monoclonal Antibodies and it's applications.pptxAfroj Shaikh
SlideShare Description: Monoclonal Antibodies and Their Applications
In the rapidly advancing field of biotechnology, monoclonal antibodies have emerged as powerful tools with diverse applications. This SlideShare presentation provides a comprehensive overview of monoclonal antibodies and their wide-ranging uses in various fields, including medicine, research, and diagnostics.
The presentation begins by explaining the fundamental concept of monoclonal antibodies, highlighting their unique structure and production process. It delves into the significance of hybridoma technology, which allows for the generation of large quantities of identical antibodies derived from a single parental cell line.
Moving on, the SlideShare explores the applications of monoclonal antibodies in the field of medicine. It elucidates how these antibodies are employed in targeted therapies, such as cancer immunotherapy. The presentation highlights the remarkable specificity of monoclonal antibodies in recognizing and binding to specific targets, thereby enabling precise and tailored treatment approaches. It also discusses the role of monoclonal antibodies in autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and organ transplantation.
Furthermore, the presentation sheds light on the use of monoclonal antibodies in research and diagnostics. It explains how these antibodies are utilized as indispensable tools in laboratory research, facilitating the identification and characterization of various biomarkers and molecules. It also showcases their utility in techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry.
The SlideShare emphasizes the impact of monoclonal antibodies on the development of novel therapeutic modalities, including antibody-drug conjugates and bispecific antibodies. It touches upon the challenges and future prospects in the field, highlighting ongoing research efforts and advancements in antibody engineering.
With visually appealing slides, concise and informative content, this SlideShare presentation on monoclonal antibodies provides a valuable resource for scientists, healthcare professionals, students, and anyone interested in understanding the significance and applications of these remarkable biotechnological innovations.
Literature Review on Development of Monoclonal Antibodies and Hybridoma Techn...Tuhin Samanta
Antibodies or immunoglobulin's are protein particles delivered by a specific gathering of cells called B-lymphocytes in creatures. These are a piece of the guard framework to ensure the body against the attacking outside substances to be specific antigens.
Monoclonal immunizer (Mab) is a solitary sort of neutralizer that is coordinated against a particular antigenic determinant (epitope). Eternal monoclonal counter acting agent are found in patients experiencing an infection called different myeloma. In 1975 George Kohler and Cesar Milstein were effectively hybridize counter acting agent delivering B-lymphocytes with myeloma cells in vitro and make a hybridoma. The creation of monoclonal immune response by half and half cells is alluded to as hybridoma innovation.
Polyclonal vs. monoclonal antibodies: Research, Medicine, and Diagnostics | T...The Lifesciences Magazine
Comprehending the polyclonal vs. monoclonal antibodies reveals the complexities of the human immune response and the uses of these potent immunological instruments.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptx
Monoclonal antibodies and their use in diagnostics
1. Monoclonal antibodies and their use
in diagnostics
By:
M. jenifer
B.tech biotechnology.
Final year .
DSIRT.
2. Monoclonal antibodies
● A single type of antibodies having the same antigenic determinant
produced by a single hybridoma clone is called as monoclonal antibody .
● The hybridoma is made by fusing a lymphocyte ( B cell ) with a myeloma
cell.
● Monoclonal antibodies were first made by Milstein et al in 1973
● They are used in the diagnosis and treatment of severe diseases.
● They are also used in screening specific protein .
5. application
The four types of applications are:
(1) Diagnostic Applications
(2) Therapeutic Applications
(3) Protein Purification and
(4) Miscellaneous Applications.
6. 1. Diagnostic Applications:
Monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized the laboratory diagnosis of various diseases. For this
purpose, MAbs may be employed as diagnostic reagents for biochemical analysis or as tools for
diagnostic imaging of diseases.
(A) MAbs in Biochemical Analysis:
Diagnostic tests based on the use of MAbs as reagents are routinely used in radioimmunoassay (RIA)
and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in the laboratory. These assays measure the
circulating concentrations of hormones (insulin, human chorionic gonadotropin, growth hormone,
progesterone, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, thyroid stimulating hormone, gastrin, renin), and several
other tissue and cell products (blood group antigens, blood clotting factors, interferon’s, interleukins,
histocompatibility antigens, tumor markers). In recent years, a number of diagnostic kits using MAbs
have become commercially available. For instance, it is now possible to do the early diagnosis of the
following condition
7. contin...
Pregnancy:
Pregnancy by detecting the urinary levels of human chorionic gonadotropin.
Cancers:
Cancers estimation of plasma carcinoembryonic antigen in colorectal cancer, and prostate specific
antigen for prostate cancer. Besides diagnosis, estimation of tumor markers is also useful for the
prognosis of cancers. That is a gradual fall in a specific tumor marker is observed with a reduction in
tumor size, following treatment.
Infectious diseases: infectious diseases by detecting the circulatory levels of antigens specific to the
infectious agent e.g., antigens of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and herpes simplex virus for the diagnosis of
sexually transmitted diseases.
8. Mabs in diagnostic imaging:
● Radiolabeled—MAbs are used in the diagnostic imaging of diseases, and
this technique is referred to as immunoscintigraphy. The radioisotopes
commonly used for labeling MAb are iodine—131 and technetium—99.
The MAb tagged with radioisotope are injected intravenously into the
patients.
● These MAbs localize at specific sites (say a tumor) which can be detected
by imaging the radioactivity. In recent years, single photon emission
computed tomography (SPECT) cameras are used to give a more sensitive
three dimensional appearance of the spots localized by radiolabeled—
MAbs.
9. Cancers:
● Monoclonal antibodies against many types of human cancers are now available. A
selected list of tumor markers (along with the associated cancers) that can be used for
MAb imaging is given in Table 17.2. Tumors can be located in patients using
radioisotope labeled MAbs specific to the protein(s), particularly of membrane origin.
● It has been possible to detect certain cancers at early stages (lung cancer, breast
cancer, ovariran cancer, malanoma, colorectal cancer) by employing MAbs. About 80
per cent specificity has been achieved for detecting cancers by this approach.
● An iodine (131l) labeled monoclonal antibody specific to breast cancer cells when
administered to the patients detects (by imaging) the spread of cancer (metastasis) to
other regions of the body. This is not possible by scanning techniques.
